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To reconstruct a critique of the ontological proof of the existence of God in Schelling’s philosophy I examine his interpretation of the ontological argument by Anselm of Canterbury and Descartes as well as Schelling’s assessment of the critique of the Kantian ontological proof of ...

... non-empty; 2) interchangeability of alethic modalities does not seem to be a valid argument; 3) there are additional complications that were not mentioned in earlier analyses. In particular, the proof does not take into account the multilevel structure of ontology, whose hier¬archy of levels determines, as a rule, what entities exist in ontology in the true sense of the word. In addition, Makin’s approach can be described in terms of Tichy’s "offices", which makes it impossible to consider ...

This paper deals with the methodological and ontological significance of transcendentalism. The author advocates the understanding of transcendental philosophy as ontology and presents a critique of the interpretation given by David Carr, who attached a merely methodological significance to the ...

This article revisits the ratio-centric system developed by the prominent exponent of the German enlightenment J. Chr. Gottsched (1700—1766). The authors examine the problem of the ontological argument in the context of the current civilizational crisis of consciousness, which arose against the background of the 20th century crisis of objectivist methodology of modern natural sciences. Such a methodology is incapable of solving ...

There are two important facts that prevent the success of the so called "ontological argument": 1) the use of the concept of existence as a real predicate and 2) the confusion of de re and de dicto modalities. The article considers a way to overcome the former problem proposed by the Czech logician Pavel Tichý. 1. Ансельм ...

... phenomena of reality. Such words and phrases comprise the lexicon of the metalanguage used in the semantic reflection of the author of semantic descriptions. The inventory of the semantic elements follows the alphabetical clustering principle. The ‘ontological taxonomy’ covers clusters, at the apex of which are the denominations of fragments of the world (reality) reflected by the internal aspect of linguistic units. These denominations are expressed by nouns with generic meanings: ‘object’,...

... which can be discerned, but are not explicitly discussed, in the treatise. This reconstruction is based on the distinction Kant draws between two modes of formulating conclusions, one of which is “in the form of judgements”. Here, formal and “ontological” syllogisms are distinguished by the type of relation that obtains between parts of the premises. An ontological syllogism, unlike the formal kind, conforms to the most stringent rules in terms of content. The procedure of making an inference,...

At the beginning of the twentieth century in the Russian-speaking philosophical space philosophical projects emerged which brought ontology and gnoseology closer together. One can observe this process, for example, in the philosophical doctrines of the Russian intuitivists Nikolay Lossky and Semyon Frank. I demonstrate that the emergence of these doctrines and the development of ...

Transcendental philosophy was not born like Athena out of Zeus’s head, mature and in full armour from the very beginning. That is why in both prefaces to the Critique of Pure Reason (1781 and 1787) Kant introduces the concept of transcendental philosophy as an “idea.” The idea understood architectonically develops slowly and only gradually acquires a definite form. As witnessed by the works of Kant himself and of his predecessors and followers, the idea of transcendental philosophy has undergone...

... and the “two aspects” theory. In this paper, I develop a semantico-cognitive approach to Kant’s transcendentalism in general as well as to his conception of appearance in particular. Its use makes it possible to clarify both the metaphysical and ontological status of appearance. I show that, from the metaphysical point of view, the specificity of appearance is given by the transcendental triad “object (thing in itself) — appearance — representation.” Within this triad, on the one hand,...

... hope' appears to be the 'most genuine hope of the Enlightenment' for the moral intersubjectivity of being. Its immense significance becomes obvious against the background of Kant's 'Copernican Revolution', which resulted in the new subject-oriented ontology. The viability of this ontology depends on the possibility of freedom, i. e. on whether the human being is capable of the practical implementation of the free causality of moral law. Due to its history, Kaliningrad is meant to become a window ...

This study is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” and the preceding polemic over ontological argument is analyzed. 1. Декарт ...

This article considers manuscript fragment R 3706, in which Kant criticises the traditional objection to the ontological argument based on ideal-real judgement distinction. The author analyses the relation this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in Nova dilucidatio and the earlier polemic on the ontological argument. 1. Декарт Р. Размышления ...

This article is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” and the preceding polemic over ontological argument is analyzed. 1. Descartes ...

... Armenian literature. To analyze the specific type of societal relations reproduced by Matevosyan in his Tsmakut Cycle, the article uses the model of ‘mix of mores (Sittlichkeit), which refers to the spontaneous movement of morals considered from an ontological point of view. In the hopeless struggle to preserve this syncretic environment of morals, subjected to the destructive attack of mobi­liza­tion, Matevosyan-the-person suffered defeat as a traditionalist. But Matevosyan-the-writer, who developed ...

... heredity. Translated by B. E. Spill¬mann. New York. Jappy, T., 2016. The two-way interpretation process in Peirce’s late semiotics: A Priori and a Posteriori. Language and Semiotic Studies, 2 (4), pp. 14—30. Jappy, T., 2019. From phenomenology to ontology in Peirce’s typologies. Semio-tica, 228, pp. 135—151, https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0080. Kull, K., 1998. Organism as a self-reading text: anticipation and semiosis. Interna¬tio¬nal Journal of Computing Anticipatory Systems, 1, pp. ...

.... Gasparov, M. L., 2005b. Bely the Verse Scholar and Bely the Verse Performer. In: Izbrannye raboty. O stikhe. O stikhakh. O poetakh [Selected Works. About the verse. About verses. About poets]. Moscow, pp. 123—135 (in Russ.). Pavlov, I., 2019. An Ontology of Power as an Ontology of History: An Appraisal of Vladimir Bibikhin’s Political Philosophy. Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie [Russian Socio­logical Review], 18 (3), pp. 195—223 (in Russ.). Romanenko, Yu., 2015. Living Mirror and Wise Ignorance ...

.... New York: Wiley & Sons. Keller, R., 1998. A theory of linguistic signs . Translated by K. Duenwald. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kellogg, R. T., 1994. The psychology of writing . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kravchenko, A. V., 2003a. The ontology of signs as linguistic and non-linguistic en­tities: a cognitive perspective. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics , 1, pp. 179—191, https://doi.org/10.1075/arcl.1.10kra . Kravchenko, A. V., 2003b. Sign, meaning, knowledge: An essay in ...

... Pushkin’s ‘great secret’. In his essay ‘Pushkin’, Dostoevsky wrote that the poet had ‘a capacity for uni­versal sympathy’. The ‘secret’ of Pushkin is analysed in this article in the context of the gen­eral cultural problem of fundamental ontological predicates, which determined the main cul­tural codes of the literary worlds reflected in the poet’s oeuvre. The methodological approach is based on Valentin Nepomnyashchiy’s concept of the poetic momentum of Pushkin’s literary work,...

My aim is to reconstruct the basic steps and the fundamental idea of Kant’s transcendental deduction of categories as well as Hegel’s interpretation and reframing of Kant’s idea. Hegel’s reading is crucial for two reasons: first, for fixing the basic form of the Kant­ian argument and secondly, for understanding its metaphilosophical relevance. For Hegel, philosophical proof has a specific nature, which distinguishes it from scientific proof and brings it closer to a juridical one. In this perspective...

... philosopher, to the leading trend in the early twentieth century, namely German Neo-Kantianism, which led some students of his work to believe that German Neo-Kantianism played the decisive role in Frank’s abandonment of Marxism in favour of religious ontology. Frank’s fundamental disagreement with German Neo-Kantianism was expressed in his work The Object of Knowledge in which he criticised the Neo-Kantian concepts of number and time. Although Frank rightly points out the one-sidedness of the Neo-Kantian ...

... Transtesndentalny povorot v sovremennoy filosofii (2): Kantovskoe yavleniye, ego ontologicheskiy i epistemicheskiy status. Sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnogo nauchnogo seminara [Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy (2): Kant’s Appearance, Its Ontological and Epistemic Status. Proceedings of an International Research Workshop]. Moscow: TsGI, pp. 12-15. (In Rus.) Oizerman, T. I., 2002. The Concept of Appearance in Kant’s System. In: History of Philosophy Yearbook 2000. Moscow: Nauka, pp. 196-208....

This is a report of the international workshop «Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy 2: Kant’s Appearance, Its Ontological and Epistemic Status» (April 27—29, 2017, Moscow), the tasks of which was (1) to discuss the specificity of transcendental idealism, (2) to study the nature of one of Kant’s important concepts — that of appearance — within the framework ...

This article is the second part of the research concerning the publications of Russian scholars in Kant-Studien, the leading periodical dedicated to Kantian studies and the most important print of International Kant Society. The article describes the history of publications of Russian authors from 1974 to 2008. 1. Асмус В. Ф. Диалектический материализм и логика. Очерк развития диалектического метода в новейшей философии от Канта до Ленина. Киев, 1924. 2. Асмус В. Ф. Диалектика Канта. М., 1929...

This article is the second part of the research concerning the publications of Russian scholars in Kant-Studien, the leading periodical dedicated to Kant studies and the most important print of the International Kant Society. The article describes the history of publications of Russian authors from 1974 to 2008. 1. Asmus V. F. Dialekticheskij materializm i logika. Ocherk razvitija dialekticheskogo metoda v novejshej filosofii ot Kanta do Lenina. Kiev, 1924. 2. Asmus V. F. Dialektika Kanta. M....

... existential presuppositions of Aristotelian syllogistic, so it is logically untenable. The basic idea of Kant is that the cosmological proof does not rely on the empirical premise (i.e. the existence of the world). Instead, it resorts covertly to the ontological proof. This is the second stage of the proof, when fr om the notion of a necessary being (ens necessarium) they move to the concept of a most real being (ens realissimum), i.e. God. According to Kant, this transition is logically equivalent ...

... Subjective modality appears in a literary text as a communicative-semantic category that allows one to comprehensively represent the author’s attitude to the communicated instance. The purpose of the article stays with the need to substantiate the ontological status of the subjective modality of a literary text as a component of the author’s concept of the world. The material for the study is the literary text of the essay “Caucasian” by M.Yu. Lermon­tov as a genre that demonstrates a complex ...

The work raises the issue of Hölderlin’s creative secret of, interpreting its connection with the transformation of German culture into ontology of “new light”. Considering the essence of the “poet of poets” (Heidegger), the authors relate complex discourses to the hermeneutic key for understanding the mys­tery of Hölderlin. They make an attempt at interpreting one of the mysteries ...

This article identifies the role of ontology in the system model of argumentation (SMA). Since the term ‘ontology’ is rarely used in argumentation studies and the context of its usage is rather unconventional, there is a need to define the notion of ontology within SMA. The method for ...

... the crisis in which post-critical philosophy finds itself today. Bruno, G. А., 2017. The Empirical Realism and the Great Outdoors: A Critique of Meillassoux. In: M. -E. Morin, 2017. Continental Realism and its Discontents. New Perspectives in Ontology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 21-37. Cohen, J., 2017. Speculating the Real: On Quentin Meillassoux’s Philosophical Realism. In: F. Gironi, ed., 2017. The Legasy of Kant in Sellars and Meillassoux. Analytic and Continental Kantianism....

... Dialectic of Subject and Object in Schelling’s Philosophy]. Leningrad: LGU (In Rus.) Marx, W., 1984. The Philosophy of F. W. J. Schelling. History, System, and Freedom. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Patkul, A. B., 2021. Schelling’s Criticism of Ontological Argument and Interpretation of Kant’s Doctrine of the Ideal of Reason. Kantian Journal, 40(3), pp. 28-62. Rezvykh, P. V., 2003. The Late Schelling and Kant. History of Philosophy Yearbook, 17, pp. 280-303. (In Rus.) Rezvykh, P. V., 2005....

... Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 33(1), рр. 41-55. Mazijk, C. van, 2020. Perception and Reality in Kant, Husserl, and McDowell. New York: Routledge. Medova, А. А., 2018. On the Question of the Transcendental Correlation of Mind and Reality: An Ontological Perspective. In: S. N. Katrechko, ed. 2018. Transcendental Turn in modern Philosophy — 3. Nature (Specificity) of Transcendental Philosophy. Proceedings of the International Workshop. Moscow, April 21—23, 2018. Moscow: Fond CGI; SHAU-Press,...

The material of the late poems by G. Shpalikov, one of the prominent representatives of poetry during the Khrushchev Thaw era, is singled out and examined in terms of the sphere of key images and motifs in the poet’s artistic world, which are encoded by the ontological-tragic situation of the lyrical subject in the enclosed chronotope of society. The central motifs of Shpalikov’s work during this period have been identified: motifs of loneliness, rootlessness, abandonment, vulnerability, farewell...

... determined by the linguocognitive approach to the problem of interaction of the writer’s / hero’s reflexive personality with their own past SELF in the pro- cess of reconstructing personal experience. The study preliminarily states the fact of ontologically conditioned heterogeneity of the human Ego as a result of the natural process of individual-personal development. The definition of the concept of ‘retrospective discourse’ is given, which is relevant in the context of the research and ...

.... To address this issue constructively, it is useful to differentiate between five concepts en­compassing language and speech: hermeneutics, philology, linguistics, semiotics, and prag­malinguistics. Each of these concepts delineates a specific ontology and corresponding metho­do­lo­gical approach. By considering them as orthogonal axes within a fan matrix, one can identify 25 possible approaches for studying speech, including those that are currently em­ployed and potential ones. Within ...

... twentieth century — Paul Celan and Johannes Bobrowski. Despite their importance, their works remain inade­quately studied, particularly in the context of the interaction between language and existence, or more precisely, poetic semiotics and the ontological foundation of existence. Sander Gil­man, an American Germanist, in his work “Why and How I Study German” aimed at stu­dents of the German language in the United States, notes: “Learning German means under­standing the path that leads ...

... 1978. Sleduyushchie 200 let. Stsenarii dlya Ame­riki i vsego mira [The next 200 years. Scenario for America and the whole world]. Moscow, 228 p. (in Russ.). Karpunin, V. A., 2004. Volya k bytiyu: Ontologicheskii impul's [The Will to Being: The Ontological Impulse]. St. Petersburg, 288 p. (in Russ.). Kassof, A., ed., 1970. Budushchee sovetskogo obshchestva [Prospects for Soviet So­cie­ty]. Iss. 1. Moscow (in Russ.). Khodorkovsky, M. B., ed., 2006. Vvedenie v budushchee. Mir v 2020 godu ...

... the ‘definition of poetry’ as a distinct statement about a unique world. Aristotle, 2000. Ritorika. Poetika [Rhetoric. Poetics]. Moscow (in Russ.). Castaneda, G.-N., 1999. Fiction and reality: their fundamental connections: Es­says on the ontology of cumulative experience. Logos , 3 (13), pp. 69—102 (in Russ.). Faryno, J., 2004. Vvedenie v literaturovedenie [Introduction to literary criticism]. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Faryno, J., 1975. Semiotyczne aspekty poezji o sztuce: Na przykładzie ...

... accumulate and translate cultural meanings and values, which explains the recent appearance of a large number of works on the study of linguistic, cultural, structural-semantic and cognitive-discursive features of the crossword language. The study of the ontological nature of the crossword, as undertaken in this research, is grounded in an examination of its metalanguage essence. Crossword descriptions reflect the outcomes of metalanguage consciousness operations, which aim to depict the elements of the ...

... inherit him through this ‘gap’. Within the framework of this article, the author explores how hermetic poetry (language writing, metarealism and generation of the 21st century) uses non-translation and untrans­latable to create/express political and ontological problems corresponding to this gap. So, in “Drafts” by Rachel Blau DuPlessis, palimpsest exposes the very deployment of language, writing, the ‘trace’ of other languages — all this develops together with the optics of studying writing ...

... Zimmerling, A. V., 2022b. States, Events and Predicate Types. In: S. Koeva, E. Iva­nova, Y. Tisheva and A. Zimmerling, eds. Ontologija na situaciite za săstojanie — ling­vis­ticno modelirane. Săpostavitelno izsledvane za bălgarski i ruski [The Ontology of the Sta­tive Situations in the Linguistic Models. A Contrastive Analysis of Bulgarian and Rus­sian Languages]. Sofia: Professor Marin Drinov, pp. 31—52 (in Russ.). Zimmerling, A. V., 2022c. A tale of two auxiliaries: third person forms ...

... Urbana, 1970. Maturana, H. R., 1978. Biology of language: The epistemology of reality. In: G. Miller and E. Lenneberg, eds. Psychology and Biology of Language and Thought: Es­says in honor of Eric Lenneberg. New York, pp. 27—63. Maturana, H. R., 1978. Ontology of observing: The biological foundations of self-con­scious­ness and of the physical domain of existence. In: Texts in cybernetic theory: conference workbook (American Society for Cybernetics Conference, 18—23 October 1988. Felton, pp. 4—53....

... political leaders as an instrument of symbolic politics. Diskurs [Discourse], 6 (3), pp. 5—20 (in Russ.). Gerasimov, S. V. and Tul'chinskij, G. L., 2018. Events as a Semantic Basis for the Construction of Reality: Prospects for the Transition to a Dynamic Ontology. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent, 9(3), pp. 5—25 (in Russ.). Gerasimov, S. V., 2013. Closing the circle of manipulation. Filosofskie nauki [Philo­sophical Sciences], 5, pp. 34—41 (in Russ.). Gerasimov, S. V., 2015. Closing the circle of manipulation....

... I., 1991. Sem' s polovinoi, ili Fil'my Andreya Tarkovskogo (Seven and a Half, or The Films of Andrei Tarkovsky). Moscow (in Russ.). Wagner, G., 1975. The novel and the cinema. New Jersey. Yakimovich, A. K., 2018. Film Art Against Avant-Garde? On the Ontology of Ar­tistic Means. Vestnik VGIK [Bulletin of Film Art), 2 (36), pp. 8—26 (in Russ.).

... discursive analytical research]. Radolfzell. Ivanov-Razumnik, R. V., 1930. M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Zhizn' i tvorchestvo [M. E. Sal­tykov-Shchedrin. Life and work]. Moscow (in Russ.). Kuznetsova, A. V., 2020. Subjective modality of the literary text: ontological sta­tus in author’s conception of the world. Vestnik Baltiiskogo federal'nogo universiteta im. I. Kanta. Ser.: Filologiya, pedagogika, psikhologiya [Bulletin of the Baltic Federal Uni­ver­si­ty I. Kant. Ser.: Philology, pedagogy, psychology],...

... “people” as a kind of mystical body. Protestant science makes a clear choice in favour of interpreting the concept as an “arti­ficial person”. The author emphasizes that the introduction of the concept “natural state” led to changes in the ontological status of people in political theory. The concept “people” becomes “a flickering subject” that appears during the transition from a natural state to a civil one and disappears when the transition goes in the opposite direction. In ...

... 18th-century Königsbergian thinker Johann Georg Hamann. Hamann’s bibliocentric hermeneutics treats the ‘philosophy of the Book’ as the question as to whether the experience of truth as such is possible. In the light of his hermeneutics, the fate of ontology is a function of the quality of reading since its dialogical nature directly determines a person’s special hermeneutic responsibility towards all that exists. In being the Book of Life, all that exists communicates with the human being as if ...

... literary text. We identify the semantic and categorial field of the term, propose a definition of ‘pattern’ as projected on language material, and correlate the terms ‘pattern’, ‘repetition’, ‘recurrence’, and others. The linguistic ontology of the pattern as a text-generating mechanism is determined by the fact that the pattern problematizes the relation­ship between repetition and variation, singular and plural, a norm and a deviation. A text has a pattern nature if its basic ...

.... Parsons, Y. Sistemy deistviya i sotsial'nye sistemy [Action systems and social systems]. Available at: https://sociology.mephi.ru/docs/sociologia/html/parsons_modern_soc_systems.html [Accessed 05 March 2018]. Samoilova, E. O., 2012. Semiotic and ontological aspects of the phenomenon of “cosplay”. In: Ponimanie i refleksiya v kommunikatsii, kul'ture i obrazovanii. Materialy nauchnoi konferentsii [Understanding and reflection in communication, culture and education. Proceedings of the scientific ...