Steven Makin’s ontological argument: The concept of necessary exis¬ten¬ce of God
... non-empty; 2) interchangeability of alethic modalities does not seem to be a valid argument; 3) there are additional complications that were not mentioned in earlier analyses. In particular, the proof does not take into account the multilevel structure of ontology, whose hier¬archy of levels determines, as a rule, what entities exist in ontology in the true sense of the word. In addition, Makin’s approach can be described in terms of Tichy’s "offices", which makes it impossible to consider ...
The ontological argument: an “office” solution
There are two important facts that prevent the success of the so called "ontological argument": 1) the use of the concept of existence as a real predicate and 2) the confusion of de re and de dicto modalities. The article considers a way to overcome the former problem proposed by the Czech logician Pavel Tichý.
1. Ансельм ...
Schelling’s Criticism of Ontological Argument and Interpretation of Kant’s Doctrine of the Ideal of Reason
To reconstruct a critique of the ontological proof of the existence of God in Schelling’s philosophy I examine his interpretation of the ontological argument by Anselm of Canterbury and Descartes as well as Schelling’s assessment of the critique of the Kantian ontological proof of ...
Ontological taxonomy as a means to inventory the elements of the semantic metalanguage of cognitive analysis (based on E. V. Rakhilina’s monograph Cognitive Analysis of Object Names (Semantics and Collocations))
... phenomena of reality. Such words and phrases comprise the lexicon of the metalanguage used in the semantic reflection of the author of semantic descriptions. The inventory of the semantic elements follows the alphabetical clustering principle. The ‘ontological taxonomy’ covers clusters, at the apex of which are the denominations of fragments of the world (reality) reflected by the internal aspect of linguistic units. These denominations are expressed by nouns with generic meanings: ‘object’,...
The apologia of reason in J. Chr. Gottsched’s classicistic system: On the 250th anniversary of the philosopher’s death
This article revisits the ratio-centric system developed by the prominent exponent of the German enlightenment J. Chr. Gottsched (1700—1766). The authors examine the problem of the ontological argument in the context of the current civilizational crisis of consciousness, which arose against the background of the 20th century crisis of objectivist methodology of modern natural sciences. Such a methodology is incapable of solving ...
Aspects of the ‘transcendental’ according to Kant and Husserl: Logos, matheme, metaphor
This paper deals with the methodological and ontological significance of transcendentalism. The author advocates the understanding of transcendental philosophy as ontology and presents a critique of the interpretation given by David Carr, who attached a merely methodological significance to the ...
Wanderings in Syllogistic Figures: On Kant’s Possible Cognitive Syllogistics
... which can be discerned, but are not explicitly discussed, in the treatise. This reconstruction is based on the distinction Kant draws between two modes of formulating conclusions, one of which is “in the form of judgements”. Here, formal and “ontological” syllogisms are distinguished by the type of relation that obtains between parts of the premises. An ontological syllogism, unlike the formal kind, conforms to the most stringent rules in terms of content. The procedure of making an inference,...
The Emergence of Onto-Gnoseology among Russian Intuitivists as Criticism of Neo-Kantianism
At the beginning of the twentieth century in the Russian-speaking philosophical space philosophical projects emerged which brought ontology and gnoseology closer together. One can observe this process, for example, in the philosophical doctrines of the Russian intuitivists Nikolay Lossky and Semyon Frank. I demonstrate that the emergence of these doctrines and the development of ...
Kant on «logical objection» to ontological argument: fragment R 3706. Part I
This study is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” and the preceding polemic over ontological argument is analyzed.
1. Декарт ...
Kant on the “logical objection” to the ontological argument: fragment R 3706. Part II
This article considers manuscript fragment R 3706, in which Kant criticises the traditional objection to the ontological argument based on ideal-real judgement distinction. The author analyses the relation this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in Nova dilucidatio and the earlier polemic on the ontological argument.
1. Декарт Р. Размышления ...
Kant on “logical objectionv“ to ontological argument: fragment R 3706
This article is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” and the preceding polemic over ontological argument is analyzed.
1. Descartes ...
Transcendental Philosophy as a Scientific Research Programme
Transcendental philosophy was not born like Athena out of Zeus’s head, mature and in full armour from the very beginning. That is why in both prefaces to the Critique of Pure Reason (1781 and 1787) Kant introduces the concept of transcendental philosophy as an “idea.” The idea understood architectonically develops slowly and only gradually acquires a definite form. As witnessed by the works of Kant himself and of his predecessors and followers, the idea of transcendental philosophy has undergone...
The Nature of Appearance in Kant’s Transcendentalism: A Seman- tico-Cognitive Analysis
... and the “two aspects” theory. In this paper, I develop a semantico-cognitive approach to Kant’s transcendentalism in general as well as to his conception of appearance in particular. Its use makes it possible to clarify both the metaphysical and ontological status of appearance. I show that, from the metaphysical point of view, the specificity of appearance is given by the transcendental triad “object (thing in itself) — appearance — representation.” Within this triad, on the one hand,...
Ontology of the «new world» in the work of Friedrich Hölderlin (to his 250th anniversary)
The work raises the issue of Hölderlin’s creative secret of, interpreting its connection with the transformation of German culture into ontology of “new light”. Considering the essence of the “poet of poets” (Heidegger), the authors relate complex discourses to the hermeneutic key for understanding the mystery of Hölderlin. They make an attempt at interpreting one of the mysteries ...
Subjective modality of the literary text: ontological status in author’s conception of the world
... Subjective modality appears in a literary text as a communicative-semantic category that allows one to comprehensively represent the author’s attitude to the communicated instance. The purpose of the article stays with the need to substantiate the ontological status of the subjective modality of a literary text as a component of the author’s concept of the world. The material for the study is the literary text of the essay “Caucasian” by M.Yu. Lermontov as a genre that demonstrates a complex ...
The communicative space of N. Kononov’s novel The Tender Theatre
This article examines the communicative space and its structure in N. Kononov’s novel Tender Theatre, which helps understand the ontological drama of the character who is alienated from the world and people and unable to see the border between the reality and memories.
1. Кононов Н. Нежный театр. М., 2004.
2. Кучина Т. Г. Поэтика «я»-повествования ...
The place and role of ontology in the system model of argumentation
This article identifies the role of ontology in the system model of argumentation (SMA). Since the term ‘ontology’ is rarely used in argumentation studies and the context of its usage is rather unconventional, there is a need to define the notion of ontology within SMA. The method for ...
Vladimir Bibikhin: the connoisseur of poetry and the poet
....
Gasparov, M. L., 2005b. Bely the Verse Scholar and Bely the Verse Performer. In: Izbrannye raboty. O stikhe. O stikhakh. O poetakh [Selected Works. About the verse. About verses. About poets]. Moscow, pp. 123—135 (in Russ.).
Pavlov, I., 2019. An Ontology of Power as an Ontology of History: An Appraisal of Vladimir Bibikhin’s Political Philosophy. Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie [Russian Sociological Review], 18 (3), pp. 195—223 (in Russ.).
Romanenko, Yu., 2015. Living Mirror and Wise Ignorance ...
The Transcendental Deduction of Categories as Philosophical Proof
My aim is to reconstruct the basic steps and the fundamental idea of Kant’s transcendental deduction of categories as well as Hegel’s interpretation and reframing of Kant’s idea. Hegel’s reading is crucial for two reasons: first, for fixing the basic form of the Kantian argument and secondly, for understanding its metaphilosophical relevance. For Hegel, philosophical proof has a specific nature, which distinguishes it from scientific proof and brings it closer to a juridical one. In this perspective...
Signs and senses as an epistemological problem
.... New York: Wiley & Sons.
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Semyon Frank and the German Neo-Kantianism: Aspects of Debate
... philosopher, to the leading trend in the early twentieth century, namely German Neo-Kantianism, which led some students of his work to believe that German Neo-Kantianism played the decisive role in Frank’s abandonment of Marxism in favour of religious ontology. Frank’s fundamental disagreement with German Neo-Kantianism was expressed in his work The Object of Knowledge in which he criticised the Neo-Kantian concepts of number and time. Although Frank rightly points out the one-sidedness of the Neo-Kantian ...
The Concepts of “Appearance” and “Phenomenon” in Transcendental Philosophy (Kant, Husserl, Fink)
... Transtesndentalny povorot v sovremennoy filosofii (2): Kantovskoe yavleniye, ego ontologicheskiy i epistemicheskiy status. Sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnogo nauchnogo seminara [Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy (2): Kant’s Appearance, Its Ontological and Epistemic Status. Proceedings of an International Research Workshop]. Moscow: TsGI, pp. 12-15. (In Rus.)
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Report of the ‘Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy 2’ International Seminar (Moscow, 27—29 April 2017)
This is a report of the international workshop «Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy 2: Kant’s Appearance, Its Ontological and Epistemic Status» (April 27—29, 2017, Moscow), the tasks of which was (1) to discuss the specificity of transcendental idealism, (2) to study the nature of one of Kant’s important concepts — that of appearance — within the framework ...
The phenomenology of Pushkin’s ‘universal sympathy (based on ‘Аscene from ‘Faust’, ‘The feast in the time of plague’, and ‘the Wanderer’)
... Pushkin’s ‘great secret’. In his essay ‘Pushkin’, Dostoevsky wrote that the poet had ‘a capacity for universal sympathy’. The ‘secret’ of Pushkin is analysed in this article in the context of the general cultural problem of fundamental ontological predicates, which determined the main cultural codes of the literary worlds reflected in the poet’s oeuvre. The methodological approach is based on Valentin Nepomnyashchiy’s concept of the poetic momentum of Pushkin’s literary work,...
Kant's basic idea
This article puts forward the idea that the basis of Kant’s philosophy is moral ontology dominated by things in themselves, which provide the basis for the moral world order: God, soul, and freedom. Kant's epistemology, teleology and anthropology are determined by the attempt to prove the possibility of such world order. The ultimate ...
Kant's argumentation in the scholia to theorem VI in “Nova Dilucidatio”: The traditional interpretation and related problems
This offers an introduction to the analysis of Kant’s refutation of the ontological argument in his dissertation A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition (Nova dilucidatio). The author explains the importance of the pre-critical argument analysis for the understanding of argumentation presented ...
Kant's argumentation in the scholion to theorem VI in "Nova dilucidatio": a new interpretation
This article deals with Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work "A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition". The author offers a new interpretation of Kant’s argumentation.
1. Ансельм Кентерберийский. Просологион ...
Kants argumentation in the scholion to theorem VI in "Nova dilucidatio": the problem of logical interconnection between the theorem and the scholion
This article discusses the thesis put forward by some scholars that Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in the Scholion to Prop. VI in "Nova dilucidatio" contradicts Prop. VI. The author shows how the apparent discrepancy between Prop. VI and the Scholion can be explained.
1. Ермолаев В. К. Аргументация ...
The Russians in Kant-Studien. Part 2 (1954—2010)
This article is the second part of the research concerning the publications of Russian scholars in Kant-Studien, the leading periodical dedicated to Kantian studies and the most important print of International Kant Society. The article describes the history of publications of Russian authors from 1974 to 2008.
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A transcendental analysis of mathematics: The abstract nature of mathematical knowledge
... of abstraction. Based on his doctrine of schematism, Kant develops an original theory of abstraction: Kant’s scheme serve as a means to construct mathematical objects, as an “action of pure thought" [CPR, B81]. The article investigates the ontological status of mathematical objects/abstractions and describes three possible ontologies — the understanding of mathematical objects/abstractions as: 1 complete objects (the ontology of things; "full-blooded Platonism"); 2) a substantivized ...
Playing with spectres
... the latter in a ‘simulated hyperreality’. The author stresses Kant’s moral rigour in the context of game theory, which is interpreted as an indirect warning against ‘chimeras of imagination’ capable of transporting ‘spectres’ into actual ontology. It is stated that such transportation is reflected in the characteristics of artistic imagination and its poetic keys opening the ‘doors of perception’ that are closed to the other forms of social consciousness/unconsciousness. The article ...
The notion of necessity in the German philosophy of the¬ Enlighten¬ment
Necessity is a key philosophical notion, which is used in different disciplines from logic to ontology. In the German philosophy of the Enlightenment, this concept was centralto the work of many thinkers. For them, necessity is related not only to logic but rather to the disciplines of general and special metaphysics. It is explained by that the ...
On the logical inconsistency of Kant’s critique of the cosmological argument
... existential presuppositions of Aristotelian syllogistic, so it is logically untenable. The basic idea of Kant is that the cosmological proof does not rely on the empirical premise (i.e. the existence of the world). Instead, it resorts covertly to the ontological proof. This is the second stage of the proof, when fr om the notion of a necessary being (ens necessarium) they move to the concept of a most real being (ens realissimum), i.e. God. According to Kant, this transition is logically equivalent ...
The Russians in Kant-Studien. Part II (1954—2012)
This article is the second part of the research concerning the publications of Russian scholars in Kant-Studien, the leading periodical dedicated to Kant studies and the most important print of the International Kant Society. The article describes the history of publications of Russian authors from 1974 to 2008.
1. Asmus V. F. Dialekticheskij materializm i logika. Ocherk razvitija dialekticheskogo metoda v novejshej filosofii ot Kanta do Lenina. Kiev, 1924.
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Kant’s argumentation in the scholion to theorem VI in Nova dilucidatio: a new interpretation
This article deals with Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work "A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition". The author offers a new interpretation of Kant’s argumentation.
1. Ансельм Кентерберийский. Просологион ...
“The Transcendental Collapse”: Analytic Reading of Kant
... Bennett, treats the problem of the conditions of the possibility of experience as the problem of imposing a causal order on nature. Based on the results of my analysis, I propose two formulations of the above problem, which reflect the epistemic and ontological points of view respectively. In the former case, we have the problem of the “vicious circle” of cognition, while in the latter case we have “transcendental collapse” — that is, the problem of the correlation between reason and reality ...
Kantian and Anti-Kantian Philosophy of Language
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Kant, Husserl, Shpet, Hamann, logic, ontology, language, grammar, semantics, dialectics, dialogue
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Central images and motifs of Gennady Shpalikov’s late poems (article one)
The material of the late poems by G. Shpalikov, one of the prominent representatives of poetry during the Khrushchev Thaw era, is singled out and examined in terms of the sphere of key images and motifs in the poet’s artistic world, which are encoded by the ontological-tragic situation of the lyrical subject in the enclosed chronotope of society. The central motifs of Shpalikov’s work during this period have been identified: motifs of loneliness, rootlessness, abandonment, vulnerability, farewell...
Phraseological units as a means of information compression in the American election discourse
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Artistic individual image of the language in P.Celan's poetry
... cognitive phenomena. Among the basic techniques of conceptualization being described are nomination, predication (identifying the main definitional features of the concept, actualized in the utterance) and figurative-descriptive representations (such as ontological cognitive metaphors). The study has shown that the complex use of the above mentioned tools enriches the interpretation field of the existing concept and can serve as the basis for the emergence of a new one. The theoretical ideas are illustrated ...
Eschatological intertexts in E.Wichert’s report from “Dead forest”
... Buchenwald concentration camp. Three basic intertextual links of this text with Dante’s “The Divine Comedy”, Dostoevsky’s “The House of the Dead” and “Revelation of John” are considered. The authors emphasize the issue of two disjunctive ontologies, forming two fundamental cultural codes of the artistic process in the culture of Germany and Russia.
1. Бойтнер Б. Предисловие / пер. с нем. Л. Натяган // Натяган Л. И. Эрнст Вихерт — ...
Outside of all dimension: the motive complex of impersonality in Yegor Letov's poetics
... Yegor Letov's poetics as a unity of stable figurative series and typical strategies of poetic language. Confirmation-overcoming of the borders of I is an existential conflict, which is one of the most important constants of Yegor Letov's personal poetic ontology.
1. Авилова Е.Р. Телесность как основная универсалия авангардной модели мира (на примере творчества Егора Летова) // Русская рок-поэзия: ...
Semantic opposition as a means to explicate bipolar disorder in Stephen Fry’s autobiography Moab Is My Washpot
This article analyses the semantic oppositions essential for describing Stephen Fry’s bipolar affective disorder in his autobiography. This opposition is based on the ontological fragmentation of personality into the young I nar-rative and the mature I narrator. It is established that these oppositions are both intrapersonal and interpersonal and are manifested through relevant lin-guistic stylistic devices
1. Бондарева ...
The vegetative code in Nikolai Kononov’s short story “Ansatasiya’s Amnesia”
... plurality of subjects) is used to develop a time continuum, i. e. the year circle. The generation mechanism is opposed to the process of fragmentation and the identification of enti-ties and temporal intervals, which results in the instability of their ontological status. Everything becomes fiction. The article considers the forms of the au-thor’s presence in the system of hidden codes.
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The motif of money in modern Russian literature
This article considers the motif of money in contemporary Russian prose and drama in the framework of its characteristic, axiological, and ontological meaning. The problem is examined through the examples of the works by V. Rasputin, V. Pelevin, and R. Senchin.
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. Деньги и алчность в классической литературе // Литературная ...
The dramaturgy of F.M. Dostoyevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment as interpreted by Józef Tischner
This article considers the features of literary and interpretative analysis of the dramaturgy of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and punishment by the Polish philosopher Józef Tischner.
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National monetary policy and the role of banks in increasing its efficiency
... in implementing the national monetary policy. Another aim is to identify the goals and objectives of the national monetary policy, as well as the means and ways to attain them. The methodology relies on both general scientific principles (the ontological principle, the unity of the historical and the logical, the formal legal and comparative legal approaches) and domain-specific approaches. This research addresses urgent problems such as ensuring effective interactions between the Bank of ...
Actor-based network theory in the context of ideology and political ontology
The aim of this research is to consider the possibility of applying actornetwork theory (STS) to political processes. The authors analyze B. Latour’s criticism of the traditional political science and sociological approaches to the understanding of different spheres through the prism of ideology and interest. The initial assumptions and main arguments of the actor-network theory are compared with the post-Marxist theory of hegemony by E. Laclau and C. Mouffe. The conclusion draws attention to the...