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• The Role of the Sublime in Kant’s Religion: Moral Motivation and Empirical Possibility

  I show that Kant’s depiction of the christic figure in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason is not contingent but explains how this figure functions in two essential ways: as a representation of a maximum of morality that can ground our moral disposition and in so doing acts as a stan­dard for morality. More precisely, the following argument is made: 1) the sublime nature of the image of Christ — as an image of universal respect for the law — awakens ...

• Moral inscrutability and self-constitution in Kant (translated from the English by V. Belonogova and D. Khizanishvili, edited by V. Chaly)

  ... Boundaries of Mere Reason to demonstrate the existence of evil disposition (Gesinnung). The author be¬lieves that, in this work, Kant introduces two innovations in respect of the fundamental project presented in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. He emphasises that freedom is not justified and postulates a transcendental structure similar to the unity of transcendental apperception in order to unify all volitions of an agent and make the initial application of freedom possible. The first ...

• Immanuel Kant on the features of morality and its role in the system of morals

  The subject of this article is discussed with the help of an excursus into the history of morals and the perception of Kant's teaching on morals, as well as through a polemic with some of its interpretations. Kant's examples of the application of his theory of morality prove its practicality and stability. 1. Бенвенист Э. Словарь ...

• Feyerabend’s Natural Law Notes and their significance for Kant studies. Preface

  ... demonstrate that the basic principles of Kant’s philosophy of right are not a late production of the philosopher, but they have been formed already in the middle of 80’s of 18th century. Therewith we can use this lectures notes for the studies of Kant’s moral philosophy too, because of their closeness to the Foundations of Metaphysics of Morals, what can help us to understand some not clear aspects of Kant’s ethical thought. One of such questions is the question of moral motivation, and namely how ...

• Frolova Ye. The theoretical and methodological issues of the revival of natural law

  This article considers the understanding of natural law from the perspective of neo-Kantian legal philosophy of the late 19th/early 20th century and the problem of correlation between changing rules of law and the unchanged form of moral prescriptions.The author focuses on the development of Kantian approach in solving the problem of moral philosophy. The essence of morals is revealed not in the creation of ideal projects but rather in the need for action: the moral law must be ...

• Kant on evil in the human nature

  ... the key to understanding Kant’s approach to the problem of evil in the differentiation of the levels of the existing and the due in his theory. The article has the following structure: first, the author emphasis that, for Kant, evil is a practical moral phenomenon unlike, for example, metaphysically interpreted evil. It is shown that the problem of evil is closely connected to that of the nature or essence of a human being. The article presents an analysis of Kant’s notion of human ‘nature’....

• Family ethics and philosophy of love in Kant’s Lectures on Ethics

  ... love), further divided into the sensual and intellectual love. The sensual love of delight is identified with sexual love. The intellectual love of delight eludes definition, since such delight is difficult to perceive. The collision between vital and moral love results in a need to examine under what conditions relations between the sexes are compatible with morality. Such an examination is taking the form of an ethical and legal deduction of matrimony. Kant’s proof of the moral unacceptability ...

• Kant on Human Dignity: Autonomy, Humanity, and Human Rights

  This paper explores the new frontier within Kantian scholarship which suggests that Kant places so much special importance on the value of rational nature that the supreme principle of morality and the concept of human dignity are both grounded on it. Advocates of this reading argue that the notion of autonomy and dignity should now be considered as the central claim of Kant’s ethics, rather than the universalisation of maxims. Kant’s ...

• Kant's philosophical ideas in Rober Nozik's political theory

  ... 4. Brogan A. P. John Locke and Utilitarianism // Ethics. 1959. Vol. 69, № 2. 5. Guyer P. The Possibility of the Categorical Imperative // The Philosophical Review.1995. Vol. 104, № 3. P. 353—385. 6. Kant I. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals // The Cambridge Edition of Works of Immanuel Kant. Practical Philosophy. Cambridge, 1999. P. 37—109. 7. Kant I. The Metaphysics of Morals // Ibid. P. 353—605. 8. Nozik R. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford, 1993. 9. Rawls J. Lectures on ...

• On the moralcentrism of Kant's transcendental anthropology and the role of morals in human nature (continuation)

  This article proves that Kant's philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity owes its development and existence to the practical reason. In Kant’s system, morality is the essence of humanity. 1. Апель ...

• Kant and the Constitution of Russian Federation

  ... articles of Constitution require significant improvement so that they adhere to the letter and the spirit of Kant’s ideas on state and law. The article stresses the need to take into account two provisions of Kant’s philosophy: the complementarity of morals and law and support for traditional family values. The legal discussions on the essence of constitutionalism, supremacy of law, and constitutional state lack philosophical depth and consideration of the sources of these phenomena. Without a philosophical ...

• John Rawls’ interpretation of categorical imperative in “Theory of Justice”

  ... Philosophical Review. 1995. 3/104. 6. Höffe O. Kants kategorischer Imperativ als Kriterium des Sittlichen // Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung. 1977. Bd 31, H. 3. S. 354—384. 7. Paton H. J. The categorical imperative: a study in Kant’s moral philosophy. London, 1947. 8. Rawls J. A theory of justice. Revised edition. Harvard University Press, 1999. 9. Rawls J. Lectures on the history of moral philosophy. Harvard University Press, 2000. 10. Rawls J. Political Liberalism. Columbia University ...

• Kantian ethos in J. Rawls’s political philosophy

  ... rather than a specific concept (for instance, the categorical imperative). This article identifies the intersections between Rawls’s and Kant’s ideas, as well as their differences. Kant and Rawls have much in common. Rawls agrees with Kant that moral philosophy has to depart from commonplace human reason; the content of "political justice" can be an object of construction; construction presupposes the use of practical rather than pure reason; moral philosophy requires a complex concept ...

• Revisiting the Maxim-Law Dynamic in the Light of Kant’s Theory of Action

  A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification and the types of practical principles in his works. This has led Onora O’Neill and Lewis Beck ...

• Kantian Approaches to Human Reproduction: Both Favourable and Unfavourable

  ... the debate has barely begun. What might philosophers have said, or what did they say, about human life itself and its value to merit reproduction? Herein it is useful to look to Kant, who wrote much on whether, by reproducing, humans do wrong or right morally. Two main arguments are put forward and assessed: one examining whether perfect or imperfect duties condone reproduction, the other whether Kant’s teleological or, in the opposite sense, his eschatological outlooks can salvage reproduction. ...

• On the morals-centrism of Kant’s transcendental anthropology and the role of morals in human nature

  This article proves that Kant’s philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over theoretical reason. The humanity owes its development and existence to practical reason. In Kant’s system, morality is the essence of humanity. 1. Гартман Н....

• Morality and philosophical education

  This article considers the possibility of philosophical education influencing moral consciousness in the conditions of contemporary societies. The author stresses the relevance of rational approach to moral issues from the perspective of contemporary philosophy and science. The institution of philosophical education is considered ...

• Moral and spiritual education in the conditions of civilisational challenges

  This article stresses the central position of moral and spiritual education in the modern educational paradigm. The values and meanings associated with the notion of ‘moral and spiritual education’ are considered. The author stresses the relevance of reintroducing moral and spiritual education ...

• Kants Jesus

  ... reason, the figure of the biblical Christ of Nazareth and Kant's interpretation of his personality. The author focuses on the question, whether the Biblical Christ, as a real historical person, is the personification of the idea of the absolute good and moral perfection. 1. Кант И. Религия в пределах только разума // Собр. соч.: в 8 т. М., 1994. Т. 6. 2. Его же. Метафизика нравов // Там же. 3. Его же. Спор факультетов....

• Inadvisable Concession: Kant’s Critique of the Political Philosophy of Christian Garve

  The starting point of my study is Kant’s remark to the effect that Garve in his treatise on the connection between morality and politics presents arguments in defence of unjust principles. Recognition of these principles is, according to Kant, an inadvisable concession to those who are inclined to abuse it. I interpret this judgement by making a detailed comparison ...

• God’s Law or Categorical Imperative: on Crusian Issues of Kantian Morality

  The ethics of Kant and the ethics of Crusius are strikingly similar. This is manifested in a whole range of principles and concepts. Crusius’ moral teaching hinges on the rigorous moral law which has to be obeyed absolutely, and which makes it different from other prescriptions that are binding only to a relative degree. This is very close to the Kantian distinction between hypothetical and ...

• The foundations of I. Kant’s and V. Solovyov’s moral philosophies

  ... obvious strenghts of Kant’s ethics, Solovjev finds, that because of its absolute formalism it doesn’t have the complete implementation in the objective world. Solovjev also sees as unsuccessful Kant’s attempt at overcoming subjectivism in the moral sphere. In Solovjev’s opinion, Kant’s postulates of practical reason don’t overcome subjectivism, but bring to the foundation of Kant’s ethic the double meaning and uncertainty. The author notes, that for all his respect to Kant’s ethic,...

• Kants praktischer Platonismus

  At the centre of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from ...

• On the morals-centeredness of Kant’s transcendental anthropology and on the role of morals in the human nature

  This article proves that the philosophical system of Kant is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity owes its development and existence to the practical reason. In Kant’s system, morality is the essence of humanity. 1. Гартман ...

• Affection of Law: Fichte on the Place and Boundaries of Pure Ethics of the Imperative

  ... law of the Stoical and Kantian type. Fichte stresses that in his youth he himself shared this worldview. However, he hastens to adduce a series of original arguments to show that this position is essentially incapable of delivering a pure and higher moral doctrine. I examine the substance of these critical arguments in the context of his later metaphysics. Fichte maintains that in the “second type” of worldview man himself feels and understands, respects and loves himself only as a subject of ...

• Multiculturalism and morality in a globalised public space

  This article investigates the problem of a correlation between the phenomena of multiculturalism and morality in a globalized public space. Human community is considered within intercultural relations and associated interpersonal conflicts. A search for the ways of personal development based on clear moral principles is studied in the context of the ...

• Kants Freiheitsargument. Diskussion von Heiko Puls: Sittliches Bewusstsein und Kategorischer Imperativ in Kants Grundlegung: Ein Kommentar zum dritten Abschnitt. Berlin und Boston: De Gruyter, 2016. 318 S.

  Heiko Puls’ work Sittliches Bewusstsein und Kategorischer Imperativ in Kants Grundlegung: Ein Kommentar zum dritten Abschnitt, presents an attempt to show that, in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant’s argumentation for the objective value of the categorical imperative is almost based upon the same principle as the one presented in the second Critique. More precisely, Puls claims that, like in the Critique of Practical Reason, the Groundwork ...

• On the Role of Gesinnung in Kant’s Ethics and Philosophy of Religion. Part II

  ... the interpretation of this concept in the critical period. In the Critique of Practical Reason these include the questions of manifestation of Gesinnung in the world, apprehended through the senses, the method of establishing and the culture of truly moral Gesinnung, as well as the problem of the immutability of Gesinnung in the progress towards the good. The new theses that appear in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason are Gesinnung as the internal subjective principle of maxims, on virtue ...

• Kant's categorical imperative as a subject of critical analysis

  ... comprehensive analysis of the core of Kant's ethics — the categorical imperative. The author considers and analyses critical comments of different philosophers and specialists in Kant's philosophy regarding the categorical imperative. 1. Alquié F. La morale de Kant. Paris, 1974. 2. Cohen H. Begründung der Ethik. Berlin, 1910. 3. Pothast J. Die Unzulänglichkeit der Freiheitsleweise. Frankfurt a/M, 1980. 4. Дробницкий О. Г. Кант — этик и моралист // Вопросы ...

• The justification of legal punishment in Kant’s philosophy

  ... представление / пер. с нем. Ю. И. Айхенвальда. М., 1992. 8. Bahnam G. Kants’s Practical Philosophy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. 9. Gregor M. Laws of Freedom. Oxford, 1963. 10. Hill Th. E. Punishment, Conscience and Moral Worth // Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals: Interpretative Essays / ed. by M. Timmons. Oxford, 2002. P. 233—254. 11. Höffe O. Categorical Principles of Law // transl. by M. Migotti. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002. 12. Korsgaard ...

• Moral theology and the cosmological argument. Comments and delibera¬tions on a little-known Reflection of Kant

  ... the 1920s but otherwise neglected in the Kant literature. This small 8 x 6.3 cm sheet belonged to the manuscript collector Oskar Ulex (1852—1934), who appears to have bought it from a dealer in France. Writing covers both sides of the sheet, with moral theology discussed on one side, and the cosmological proof on the other. A transcription and description of the sheet is provided, followedby a “Question & Answer” with the goal of dating the notes describing the two separate arguments for the ...

• Is Spinoza’s Ethics Heteronomous in the Kantian Sense of the Term?

  ... that is not in harmony with such interpretations. In the course of the argument I discuss Kant’s concepts of autonomy and heteronomy showing how they refer to will and to ethics. Then I describe a group of interpretations which portray Spinoza’s moral theory as heteronomous. My critique begins by presenting some textual evidence which vividly contradicts some of the boldest heteronomous renditions of Spinoza’s ethics. Then I move on to argue for the existence of conditions in Spinoza’s thought ...

• The content of morality as an object of constitutional and legal protection

  The article develops the concept of «morality» and establishes its content as an object of constitutional and legal protection. The author analyzes some legal provisions related to the protection of public morality. Another issue which is considered in this publication is the views of researchers ...

• The ethical and philosophical antinomy of foundations of Kant’s theory of family law

  The present paper focuses on the ethical and anthropological foundations of Kant’s philosophy of family law conceived as a “personal right that is real in kind”: the possibility of possessing a person as a property item presets the antinomy of moral and legal principles, which reproduces the conflict between Roman naturalistic legal theory and the contractual philosophy of natural law. The author also considers the ways to overcome this antinomy, as well as ensuing solutions to the problems ...

• Kantian Ethical Humanism in Late Imperial Russia

  ... humanism, Christian humanism, emerged slowly in nineteenth-century Russia under the influence of Slavophilism. The Slavophiles with a deep sense of religiosity rooted in an understanding of the Church Fathers. They rejected the role of reason in evaluating moral choices, relying on faith to reveal objective moral laws and rules. Their form of Christian humanism lay in a commitment to justice and respect for all human beings. However, the arguably most historically significant Christian humanist in this ...

• Moral politics against political moralism — political satire in E. T. A. Hoffmann's Christmas tale "Meister Floh". Article 1

  ... творчество. Письма, высказывания, документы / сост., автор предисл., послесл. и вступ. текстов к разделам Клаус Гюнцель; пер. с нем. Т. Клюевой. М., 1987. moral politics, political moralism, demagogy, quality of population, categorical imperative of law, despotism, paternal government (imperium paternale), patriotic government (imperium patrioticum) Kalinnikov L. A. 33-43 10.5922/0207-6918-2011-3-3

• The unity of public and family morals in the comedies of Yekaterina II

  ... introducing the nobility to basic values, in particular, family consolidation and devotion to the interests of the state. A literature means of implementing this strategy was the comedies of Yekaterina II, which combined the satirical depiction of court morals and a mockery of human weaknesses. 1. Сочинения Екатерины II. М., 1990. 2. Лонгинов М. Драматические сочинения Екатерины II. М., 1857. 3. Мадариага И. Екатерина Великая ...

• Moral politics against political moralism — political satire in E. T. A. Hoffmann's Christmas tale Meister Floh. Article 2

  ... творчество. Письма, высказывания, документы / со­ст., автор предисл., послесл. и вступ. текстов к разделам Клаус Гюнцель; пер. с нем. Т. Клюевой. М., 1987. moral politics, political moralism, demagogy, quality of population, categorical imperative of law, despotism, paternal government (imperium paternale), patriotic government (imperium patrioticum) Kalinnikov L. A. 37-51 10.5922/0207-6918-2011-4-4

• Absoluter Wert in Kants Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten

  In the second section of the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant introduces the concept of an end in itself and defines it as something whose existence has an absolute value. He continues with the assertion that the ground of a possible categorical imperative lies solely in this end in itself. Now Kant,...

• A triune community: Fichte’s family law against the background of Kant’s practical philosophy (I)

  ... gender and love, as well as Schopenhauer’s doctrine, which can be seen as a naturalistic profanation of Fichtean metaphysics of love. According to Fichte, sexual appeal takes on the shape of a self-sacrificing impulse of love in the soul and in the moral character of a woman; yet, only a man is capable of becoming aware of everything that is morally present in himself and of renouncing, out of his inborn magnanimity, all claims to unlimited dominance. It is the combination of both characters that,...

• Kant als Mystiker? Zur These von Carl Arnold Wilmans’ dissertatio philosophica

  ... Wilmans’ dissertation. Furthermore, the focus of my study is directed towards Kant’s essay On a Newly Arisen Superior Tone in Philosophy. I show that the central Kantian theorem of the fact of reason con­verges with his doctrine of respect to the moral law as intelligible feeling. This rapprochement allows the latter to play an argumentative role that, by serving as ratio cognoscendi of freedom, is also of epistemic value. Kant’s practical philosophy turns out to be based on a quasi-phenomenological ...

• Kant über die Eigenart der Moral und ihre Rolle im System der Sitten

  Der Beitrag hat die Eigenart der Moral und ihrer Rolle im System der Sitten zum Gegenstand. Dabei wird ein Exkurs in die Geschichte der Sitten und der Rezeption der Kantischen Sitten-Lehre polemisierend vorgenommen. Die von Kant angeführten Beispiele für die Anwendung seiner Theorie ...

• Kant’s family ethics and philosophy of love. Part 2. Critique of Judgement

  ... rational respect for unconditioned good, and non-self-regarding love for humanity. A synthetic union of the above gives the conceptual key to the critical philosophy of love, which was never fully articulated in Kant’s lectures or published works. Moral love and legal awareness prevent the encroachment of vital love, as the maxims of ‘barbarian taste’ are being overcome. Aesthetic love — which dwells in the element of sophisticated taste as a capacity to judge with pleasure in matters of ...

• Condorcet interpretation of probability’s theory: the use of a mathematical construct to the field of social action

  ... Fermat, served for a long time as a tool of professional mathematicians. It was not considered a means of rational prediction of social actions. In the late 18th century, Nicolas de Condorcet (1743—1794) first proposed to apply probability theory to moral and political disciplines thus creating a basis for social forecasting. The methods he developed made it possible to predict the results of political elections and formed the basis for the theory of social choice. However, Condorcet’s ideas on ...

• The notion of anthropology in Kant's philosophy

  This article analyses different definitions, types and tasks of Kant's anthropology: Is "moral" or "practical" anthropology identical to "pragmatic" anthropology? Does anthropology aim to answer the question about the vocation of a human being? To what extent is metaphilosophy present in the Anthropology? What is ...

• Immanuel Kant: freedom, sin, forgiveness

  This article offers a comparative analysis of Kant's moral philosophy and the philosophy of Sade revealing the paradoxes of the categorical imperative. The satisfaction of the requirement of the categorical imperative is, on the one hand, a single and unique act and, on the other hand, a permanent and universal ...

• Moral und Dogma: Alois Riehls Neukantianismus im Spannungsfeld zwischen Religion und Politik

  ... aim is to examine Alois Riehl’s contribution to the “culture war” (Kulturkampf) in the second half of the nineteenth century. We show that he used Kant’s autonomy principle to argue against the idea that religious dogmatism is a fundament of morality. We prove this thesis by focusing on the forgotten historical background, which is important for an understanding of Morals und Dogma. Originally this essay was an expert opinion for the court case of the socialist H. Tauschinski who was accused ...

• Kant’s lectures on natural law: Justice and conscientiousness

  ... Bibliographic index of literature in Russian 1803—1994], Moscow. 2. Hinski, N. 2014, Nezamechennyj kommentarij Kanta 1784 goda k “Osnovopolozheniju k metafiziki nravov” (1785) [An Annoticed Kant’s Commentary to the “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals” (1785) from 1784], Istoriki-filosofskij jezhegodnik [History of Philosophy Yearbook], p. 31—38. 3. Kant, I. 1994, Metafizika nravov [Metaphysic of Morals], in: Sobr. soch. w 8 tomach, ed. by A. V. Gulyga, Moscow, T. 6. 4. Kant, I. 1997, Kritika ...

• Kant's basic idea

  This article puts forward the idea that the basis of Kant’s philosophy is moral ontology dominated by things in themselves, which provide the basis for the moral world order: God, soul, and freedom. Kant's epistemology, teleology and anthropology are determined by the attempt to prove the possibility of such world order. The ...

• Vernunft und Glaube. Zu Kants Deduktion der Gnadenlehre

  ... This reference to God implies that one makes oneself susceptive to the principle of the good instead of vainly trying to make it dependent on one’s own deeds and thoughts. The renunciation of the attempt to justify one’s evil disposition, i.e. the moral conversion to a good disposition, is thus enabled by the principle of the good. Thus one can reasonably hope to achieve goodness in one’s moral conduct because of God’s grace. A transcendental deduction (b) has to justify conditions that enable ...