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... not an insurmountable condition to fulfill legal obligations, since the cosmopolitan order depends on the moral equality among states, far from involving a hierarchy over governmental structure. Third, I will discuss that the only reason to perform an active role in the political sphere according to Kant stems from the statehood, so that to help other needy and less developed peoples and societies in order to boost that they achieve their autonomy as a state would not belong to the duties that a republic ...

The first part of the article describes general development of Kant studies in Königsberg as a local movement (not a school) with some special traits, which has significantly contributed to the culture of the town. Core activities were formed by the Society of Kant’s Friends, as well as by archival studies, i. e. collecting, annotating and publishing Kant’s manuscripts, correspondence, and lecture notes. In view of primary and secondary sources we would suggest to ...

... 2016, Braucht man Anschauung um zu denken?, in: Das Denken des Denkens. Ein philosophischer Überblick. Hrsg. M. Soboleva. Bielefeld. S. 87—112. 26. Strawson, P. F. 1966, The Bounds of Sense, London. 27. Wolff, R. P. 1963, Kant’s Theory of Mental Activity, Cambridge (Mass.).

... “Rossija i Ev-ropa”[The polemics on the fate of Russia. Danilevsky and his book "Russia and Europe"], Moscow, 416 p. 2. Vvedensky, A. I. 1896. Znachenie filosofskoj dejatel’nosti N. N. Strahova [The meaning of Strakhov’s philosophical activity], Obrazovanie [Education], no. 3, dep. II, p. 1—8. 3. Gavrjushin, N. K. 2013. Za kulisami filosofskoj drami: metafizika i istoriosofija N. N. Strahova [Behind the scenes of philosophical drama: metaphysics and historiosophy created by Nikolai ...

... Thus, the Marburg philosopher defines discursive thinking as a correlation between separation and association. Therefore, discursive thinking can be defined as the penetration and preservation of the direction variables of separation and association activities. This means that the preservation of direction variables is a distinctive feature representing a scheme of thinking and, therefore, a system of philosophy. Schemes of thinking are not determined by synthesis or removal, but rather by preservation....

... of pedagogy by adding “pure normative sciences” such as logic and aesthetics to psychology and ethics which are already in use. In the center of his pedagogy Natorp places the concept of “will”. It is directly connected to the three levels of activity of consciousness which are associated with the three stages of education — family education, school and stage of free adult self-education. The last stage represents a “lifelong” process and ideally shouldn’t be bounded by any external ...

... ‘new psychophysiological’ law. The author examines the most substantial commentaries, namely, those by P. E. Astafyev, N. Y. Grot, L. M. Lopatin, E. L. Radlov, and S. N. Trubetskoy. At the end of the 19th century, these authors contributed to an active discussion in the pages of scientific journals. The discussion focused on the ideas expressed in the work On the Limits and Characteristics of Becoming Conscious, which was published in the form of theses in book 16 book of the journal Problems ...

... knowledge — those of theory and practice, language and poiesis, creative and artistic work. Each of these fields has its own direction of development,but the common ground between them is the world of expressing the creative and free within spiritual activities. In philosophical systematics, aesthetics is a “fundamental” of the law of philosophical reflection. 1. Акиндинова Т. А. Эстетика неокантианства в Германии и России: сравнительный ...

... and noncontradiction, as well as those closelyconnected to the structural content of the system: 1) the principle of purity; 2) the principle of system openness; 3) the principle of ultimate end; 4) the principle of historicity; 5) the principle of activity; 6) the transcendental principle, and 7) the principle of the unity of the world. All these principles are designed to prove that a system is the answer to the question “What a human being is”, as well as a representation of transcendental ...

... described by Kant as the Copernican turn. Wilhelm von Humboldt was one of the first to apply and develop Kant’s method in the theory and philosophy of language. He assumed that language had a priori roots and that it was energeia rather than ergon. The active theory of language (social communication) was further developed in the 20th century within the concept of language symbolism, namely, Ernst Cassirer’s system of symbolic forms. It suggests that communicative structures are independent from real ...

... Options, Lawful and Legitimate? / Eds. M. Bothe [et al.] Ardsley ; N. Y., 2005. P. 21—52. 6. Brock L. Frieden durch Recht // Frieden durch Recht? / Hrsgs. P. Becker [et al.]. Berlin, 2010. S. 15—34. 7. Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua. International Court Of Justice, Application instituting proceedings filed in the Registry of the Court on 9 April 1984. URL: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/70/9615.pdf (дата обращения: 28.08.2012). 8. Cunliffe ...

... as a basic one for the comprehensive understanding of the world, Kant juxtaposed it with the principles of transcendental anthropology. As a result, it requires a new understanding of 1) the nature and its relation to human consciousness and 2) the active and, thus, tirfucntional, structure of human consciousness. 1. Вебер М. Теория ступеней и направлений религиозного неприятия мира //Макс Вебер. Избранное. Образ общества....

On the basis of Hannah Arendt's political philosophy, the author analyses the capability of the Internet to fulfil the functions of public realm, as well as the significance and prospects of the World Wide Web as a communication medium for political being. 1. Арендт, Х. Vita activa, или о деятельной жизни / пер. с нем. и англ. В. В. Бибихина; под ред. Д. М. Носова. СПб.: Алетея, 2000. 2. Арендт Х. Истоки тоталитаризма / пер. с англ. И. В. Борисовой и др.; послесл.Ю. Н. Давыдова; под ред. М. С....

The 18th century philosophy actively used the notion of machine in its extended meaning, especially when describing both the world as a whole and its constituent bodies. Consequently, the initial meaning of that notion underwent peculiar changes: not only an artificial mechanism ...

... and one legal person; not only a personal and at the same time property-related union, but a personaltranspersonal union. The specific person as an absolute monadical unity is here absolved by the personality of the family, as the absolute unity of active... between persons, which has no other goal besides of and out of this union itself. When seen that way, it doesn't seem necessary any more to identify the “real-right form” of legal matrimonial union with the essence of the personal union ...

... approach in developing the discursive competence of students in language-oriented programs is justified, with a description of its main principles. Didactic principles are identified: the principle of contextuality, the principle of speech-thinking activity, the principle of cooperation and interactivity, the principle of professional reflection, and the principle of interdisciplinarity, as fundamental for the effective implementation of this approach. A description is provided for each of the above ...

... literature perception among the Arabic language speakers is relevant. Syria is not considered to be a center for translation of works into Arabic, though the number of translators and publishers popularizing German literature in Syria is growing. The activities of translators (for example, Abdo Abbud, Fuad Ayub, Mohammed Jadid, Ahmed Al-Hammo), who played an important role in promoting the works of German-speaking authors, are examined in detail. The novel by German writer Patrick Süskind «Perfumer» ...

... information are brought to study the semantic nature of allusive inclusions. The article also analyzes stylistic functions of allusion. It is noted that the allusion technique is used not only to give poems an emotionally expressive sound, but also to activate the consciousness of readers, create additional literary associations.

... and the quality of traditional media content. In general, there are trends in the integration of traditional media into new digital communication spaces, and the authors question the prospects for such integration. The conclusions are verified on the activities of the regional news portal, which are traced in the audience profile metrics and site traffic data within the framework of the implemented project.

... phenomenon. For this study, the process of purposeful ousting certain fragments connected to the late love story with a tragic finale, from the storyteller’s past, has been analysed. The selective nature of the nameless character’s retrospective activity is based on the desire to level out her commitment to the death of her beloved who betrayed her. The author concludes that the role of the forgetting leitmotiv in the text of the novel is forming.

... poly-lexeme units), the level of motivation (fully / partially motivated and unmotivated terms) and mastery (mastered and undeveloped signs) in the system of the Russian language. It was noticed that the terminology of Russian education in the modern era is actively replenished with terms from the areas not previously associated with the studied thematic area (computer, economic, scientific and technical, medical, etc.). Analysis of the latest special lexicographic sources revealed that some new terms of ...

... identification and typology of evaluative meanings, determination of the basis for evaluation, and modeling a fragment of the value system. In general, figurative language units with the semantics of plants describe people and various aspects of their activities. In studying the general evaluative meanings, it was found that the majority of units with the semantics of plants have a negative evaluation, with the basis for transfer being the properties of plants dangerous to humans. The analysis of specific ...

... adults. The study relies on the research of the ideological attitudes of the GDR through the analysis of theoretical sources, the method of continuous sampling, linguistic analysis of contextual blocks of the story, and establishes the spheres of human activity that represent the rejection of the values of a hostile ideology: appearance, leisure, work, moral principles, upbringing and re-education of the younger generation in the right ideological way. A connection is established between the external ...

... emergence of pedagogical training in women’s educational organizations. The ex­pe­rience of educational institutions, particularly the Alexandrov School and the Smolny Insti­tu­te of Noble Maidens, in preparing future female graduates for professional activities as ho­me teachers and governesses is detailed. The research methodology is based on an aspectual app­roach: considering only one aspect, the importance of curricula in implementing pedago­gical training. Additionally, a conceptual approach,...

... process in the Polish language. The dated and localized photo citations collected in the photocorpus ensure the reliability of the data obtained, which allows us to assert that the addition of the prefix super- to the nominal parts of speech has been an active word-formation practice in the Polish language since the beginning of the XX century. The influence of Anglo-American linguistic and cultural globalization has led to an increase in the productivity of this model and to semantic specification of ...

The development of Orthodox comprehensive education schools in Russia at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, as part of the religious education system, makes them a new and relevant subject for scientific research. The necessity of restoring the full educational function of modern schools and the search for effective educational means in contemporary socio-cultural conditions require a reference to the history and theory of Orthodox education. The accumulated experience in...

... COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 100 respondents aged 74 to 98, living in a family and in a nursing home. Negative characteristics of psychological health in men and women of senile age were revealed: low level of life satisfaction, low mental activation and emotional tone, high level of stress. A higher level of anxiety and more pronounced depressive tendencies were found in respondents living in a nursing home. The significance of differences was assessed using the Mann — Whitney U-test....

... and foreign scientific sources, the principle of unity of historical and logical. The methodological foundations of the research are the concepts of “zone of actual development”, “zone of proximal development”, “independent assessment”, “activity approach”, “meta-subject coordination”. Finally, the texts for the development and assessment of functional literacy were classified: explanatory and procedural, continuous and non-continuous, the structure of the procedural text was identified....

... primarily by semantic neologisms and verbal signs reoriented to the Russian linguistic reality. It is noted that a significant quantitative group of lexical innovations is formed by so-called thematic neologisms extracted from professional areas of human activity that were not previously associated with the social sphere. The mentioned innovations can be fixed in the language and acquire the status of common lexical units or are terminologized and developed according to the laws of the terminological ...

... analogy, generalization, comparison, etc.) are important for the diagnostic process and can be necessary components of diagnostic thinking. Comprehensive professional operational thinking of a teacher-psychologist is the basis of successful diagnostic activities. As for successful professional diagnostics, a teacher-psychologist also needs a system of categorical models of the diagnosable, the ability to analyze their diagnostic errors and ideas about categorical models of typical diagnostic errors....

... many problematic situations. Adaptation of such programs involves certain alignment, and a special evaluation system, which considers the specifics of the mental operations, perception, memory, develop­ment of speech functions, the pace of educational activity, as well as the specif­ic educational capacities of each specific child. The article focuses on the poten­tial use of rating in lessons and in extracurricular activities in primary-school classes, where students with severe visual impairments ...

... processes that are significant for describing holiness. The dominance of visual perception as a process that determines interaction with the real world (which is reflected in the direct meanings of linguistic units) and also reveals a connection with mental activity (reflected in the figurative meanings of linguistic units) has been established. The article describes expli­cation of processes that are beyond the boundaries of perception by means of the senses and that open up to the men of faith. When ...

... officer. Theoretical analysis of existing papers re­sults in a generalized concept of a language personality as an image of a bear­er of knowledge, models of behavior and reactions, cultural-linguistic and communicative-activity values. The vocabulary activated in communication is considered from the point of view of stylistic differentiation, as well as in its division into common and proper names. Onyms are presented as linguocul­turological units that make up a special sign system. The author proposes ...

... distorts their self-image, and contributes to the loss of its adequacy. The purpose of the study is to iden­tify options for non-constructive ways of adolescent escapism. The theoretical basis of the research is a transformational model of protest activity of the indi­vidual (subject-being approach), in which escapism is one of the forms of pro­test. The authors study two most likely non-constructive ways of adolescent escapism while applying the partial moderated mediation methodology. Two ways ...

... of the recipient language (ra­dixoid, affixoid, root). It is substantiated that the prepositive component top- acts as a sociopragmatic marker with the value of the highest position held by the compared objects in various ratings. High derivational activity of the component is attributed to the extralinguistic factor, which is the principle of competitiveness characteristic of the consumer society. Formed from the ab­breviation with the meaning "very important person", the prepositive ...

... analyzes the texts of the English-language periodicals and the works of the English-speaking Indian writers to see how the continuous aspect (Progressive / Continuous aspect) is used with state verbs: physical percep­tion, emotional state and mental activity. Authentic texts of Indian national and regional print media were used as research material: editorial and news materials, interviews, wedding announcements. The analysis of authentic English-language Indian texts allows us to consider the use ...

The article examines new lexical units that have appeared in the Russian language as some reflection of COVID-19 spreading across Russia and worldwide as well fundamental changes in social, economic and political life that it has triggered. The pandemic brought about new vocabulary, a number of medical terms and disinfectant names, which have become the most used both in colloquial speech and in the media and Internet discourse. The paper is devoted to the description of the derivatives where the...

In this article, I analyse the significance of using non-verbal com­munication when teaching languages to visually impaired students. I consider in the context of learning activities the malfunctions and distortions of non-verbal behaviour mechanisms in blind and visually impaired students. I present my earlier tested strategy for overcoming physical, psychological, and language barriers by learning languages. 1. Вялкина ...

... cultural adaptation of software texts. Vestnik VSU. Series: linguistics and intercultural communication, No. 1, pp. 83—87 (in Russ.). 7. Shadrin V. I., 2015. Localization of the information text and the problem of dehumanization of the translator's activity. Gerd A. S., Nikolaev I. S., eds. Structural and Applied Linguistics: Interuniversity Collection. St. Petersburg, Publishing house of S.-Petersburg. University, iss. 11, pp. 50—59 (in Russ.). 8. Kolosov S. A., Matveev I. A., 2016. On the relationship ...

... polar captain Alexander Kuchin and the “English-Russian Maritime Dictionary” of the Soviet sailor Fedor Shchepetov from Arkhangelsk. A detailed comparative analysis of these sources permits to illustrate different periods of the lexicographical activity in the Pomor North. The three dictionaries were compiled by the people who had got involved in translation and intercultural communication through their professional activities, as they needed specialized dictionaries for work. This influenced ...

Modern trends in education and educational policy are associated with a greater involvement of students in the digital learning environment through the creation and active use of electronic teaching materials. The article analyzes the place of the digital learning environment in the system of teacher training. The term "digital learning environment" is defined through the categories of "space",...

The article deals with the subject competence of a technical school teacher in the field of information security of automated systems. Having analyzed the pedagogical activity of a technical school teacher, the authors substantiated the urgency of the subject competence formation, defined the professional competencies, included in its structure, and characterized its components and factors of their formation, laying ...

... negation embedded in the verb meaning, which ac­tualizes some modus situations. The objective of the article is to identify and analyse situations verbalized in the utterances with the verb ‘to lack’. These situations are the results of mental activity of the modal subject, implicitly present in the meaning of the verb ‘to lack’. When categorizing a situation, the modal subject evaluates it based on a certain norm, standard or prototype, which the situation does not correspond to. Thus,...

... in which language is represent­ed as a so­cio-personal continuum of linguistic phenomena of different ontolo­gy. The pur­pose of the article is to describe the basic properties of human lan­guage as a complex self-organizing system of processes. Active and subjective character of reality and knowledge representation in human mind determines the main pro­perties of language. The author offers a definition of language correspond­ing to this approach and describes the differences between anthro­pocentrism ...

The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of cognitive functions for high performance in sports. Cognitive training is one of the ways to develop cognitive functions. The study shows a positive influence of the method proposed on the state of cognitive functions in young athletes in the recovery period of the training cycle. The results obtained can significantly improve the effectiveness of relaxation exercises in young athletes. 1. Величковский Б. Б. Возможности когнитивной тренировки...

The article describes the main characteristics of the metasubject approach as a methodological basis of achieving metasubject results in education. There are several ways of realization of the metasubject approach in junior high school — the introduction of metasubjects, inclusion of a metasubject theme in the substantive theme of a lesson within traditional school disciplines, the use of modern education technologies based on the system-activity approach, interdisciplinary and the development and...

... ways to ensure modernization of physical education is the incorporation of various fitness programmes in the elective part of the curriculum. The author describes the impact of fitness programmes on learning outcomes and characterizes them as a form of activity. The article examines the experience of introducing Zumba® Fitness international dance fitness programme to the elective part of the "Physical education" curriculum for the first, second and third year students of the Immanuel Kant ...

... include confix adverbs. The article considers the peculiarities of these structures in the diachronic perspective. The author analyses contexts from an Internet discourse and concludes that the presence of confix adverbs is a sign of lingua-creative activity of native speakers in the XXI century. 1. Маркова Э. В. К типологии русских морфем (прерывистые морфемы) // II Международные Бодуэновские чтения: Казанская ...

The article characterizes the function of a lecture as an important form of current university education, reveals its capacities to intensify students' cognitive activity. A certain focus is made on interactive technologies which promotes the response relations with the audience. The author concludes that the efficiency of the lecture will increase if it is built on the principle of integrity, when the content,...

... phenomenon thematically is organized as a semantic field and focuses on six major components: death and associated with it, destruction of human physiology, fear of danger, threats to beloved ones, social catastrophes, necrophilia. A “play principle” is actively being implemented in all these cases. 1. Борисов С. Б. Эстетика «черного юмора» в российской традиции // Из истории русской эстетической мысли. СПб., 1993....