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... at evaluating the learning outcomes of Chinese and Russian students, used in both countries. The purpose of the study is to examine the experience of using and integrating case-based technologies to assess students’ skills in the higher education systems of these nations. It is shown that the assessment of university students’ skills using integrated interactive technologies and other materials is becoming mainstream in the innovative development of control and self-monitoring tools. It is necessary ...

The article analyzes the formation of a new world order that will change the entire modern system of international relations. Although its defining feature remains uncertainty, the majority of experts believe the emerging order will be polycentric, more equitable, and less stable than the current political system. At the current stage of societal ...

... viral phishing attacks have remained for several consecutive years among the most effective tools for infiltrating information infrastructure. In the vast majority of cases, the exploitation of malicious software is associated with gaining access to systems containing confidential information and its theft, which constitutes the least costly method for delivering and executing malicious code on a recipient’s device. Given that the increase in unlawful acts related to the creation, use, and distribution ...

... built upon the communicative theory of law (one of the leading approaches in post-nonclassical legal science) and contemporary theoretical perspectives on the functions of legal doctrine as components of the process of constructing legal reality (legal systems). As a result of the study, the author proposes a definition of the doctrinal factor of legal communication as that segment of legal communication mediated by doctrinal texts, through which the legal system is constructed. The proposed definition ...

... replaces the synthetic theory of evolution. In: Metod: moskovskii ezhegodnik trudov iz obshchestvovedcheskikh distsiplin [METHOD: Moscow Yearbook of Works from Social Science Disciplines], 9. Moscow, pp. 151—173 (in Russ.). Chebanov, S. V., 2020. The system of understanding techniques by G. I. Bogin. In: Ponimanie i refleksiya v Rossii: sbornik materialov dokladov na mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (g. Tver', 29—30 noyabrya 2019 g.) [Understanding and reflec­tion in Russia. Collection ...

... ludens. The man playing]. Translated by D. V. Silvestrov, St. Petersburg, 416 p. (in Russ.). Lotman, M. Yu., 1979. On the correlation of sound and semantic gestures in a poe­tic text. In: Trudy po znakovym sistemam. Semiotika teksta [Works on sign systems. Se­mio­tics of the text], 11. Tartu: Tartu State University, pp. 98—119 (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 1984. The symbolism of St. Petersburg and the problems of the se­miotics of the city. In: Trudy po znakovym sistemam. Semiotika goroda i ...

... semiotic analysis of the city and urban environment — the study of the cultural code of the city. In the contemporary aca­de­mic discourse, the importance of studying the cultural code of the city is growing not so much as a phenomenon but as a system of decoding and cognizing each specific city in its own con­text. This aspect is closely related to the analysis of the problem of enhancing urban identity and local patriotism, as well as identifying the unique cultural meanings of the city as ...

Since the sixties of the twentieth century, different algorithms for using poetic texts in the transformation of urban space have emerged. Poetic discourse is being increasingly contextualized in space, whose role in the contemporary cultural system and specific tasks of urbanism has been growing. In the urban context, poetry may acquire different forms — street performances, advertisements, murals and other types of visual poetry. It may turn the city into a venue for a festival of urban ...

... regard, it seems fruitful and justified not to build various rationalistic constructions but to take an open look at the very existence of philosophizing. From such perspectives, philosophy appears not so much a single, monolithic, and strictly ordered system as a ‘system of systems’ that are interrelated, interconnected, and reminiscent of Ludwig Wittgenstein's ‘family of language games’. Philosophy is a universal, ultimate understanding of the world, society, human beings, and their self-determination ...

... the emergence and development of the concept of text, which is central to the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School (TMS). The first prob­lem is the interrelation between statics and dynamics. From the perspective of classical struc­turalism, the language system is a static entity. The generation of a text, however, is a dy­namic process. Therefore, language should contain the possibility of dynamics. The TMS of­fered a twofold solution to this dilemma. Firstly, the text was assumed to have a polysemiotic ...

... empirical material. In summing up the features of semantic formation in the narrative urban practices, the authors conclude that the urban inscription is a symbolical­ly organized space in which the interpreter deals with signs of various semiotic systems and employs cultural meanings and conventions expressed in both verbal and graphic forms. The recognizability of intertextemes in both authentic and modified forms contributes to the at­tractivity of the urban text and its dialogical nature. ...

... realm of German mysticism to the aesthetics and gnosiology of the 18th century and examine its correlation with the 20th-century aesthetic and semiotic concepts. We stress the significance of Baumgarten’s ideas for the development of new aesthetic systems rejecting the traditional poetic and rhetorical systems. Baumgarten made an important contribution to the development of the idea of sensible cognition as the goal of aesthetics, which was formulated by F. Schiller in his Letters upon the Aesthetic ...

Semiotic systems are closely associated with social practices, within which the former record, store, and disseminate social experience. These systems affect the human consciousness to change the semantic picture of the world, behaviour, and the way one perceives ...

... symbols of political language. To identify the metamorphoses of PD and to understand their genesis, the author investigates the main features of and transformations in the cognitive mechanism of PD and traces the emergence of the isomorphism of semiotic systems characteristic of politics/authorities and mass culture. These processes cause the semantic space of PD to embrace mass culture referents. 1. Apresyan, Yu. D., 1966. Idei i metody sovremennoi strukturnoi lingvistiki (kratkii ocherk) [Ideas ...

... discrete and symbolic phenomenon based on an arbitrary connection between the signified and the signifier. Alternative semiotics can be based on Wittgenstein’s understanding of a sign as a picture, a holistic structure of non-discrete components and a system, which is not construed from given components. It is a system, which forms intra- and intertextual structures. In this way, it will be possible to describe texts that are signs but do not consist of signs (movies, paintings) and create signs in ...

... that somehow differ from each other. Such an imperfect process of intergenerational information transfer contributed to the emergence of a large number of variative religious trends, astrological forecasts and so on. The author describes the semiotic system of myth, the main feature of which is its targeted orientation. Such a system of myth promotes the description of the impact of external phenomena on the inner world of man through far-fetched pseudo-historical legends. It is noteworthy that the ...

Both the categories and principles of understanding as well as the ideas and principles of reason build transcendental elements to conceive transcendental philosophy as a philosophical system. Accordingly, in addition to the “Transcendental Analytic”, Kant develops in the “Transcendental Dialectic” an expanded concept of the transcendental. The transcendental ideas do not denote object-constitutive principles but, in a weaker ...

.... The first part discusses programmatics as a distinct subsection of metaphilosophy. I argue that Kant’s architectonic methodology and the methodology of Lakatos can be used to understand the inception, development and degradation of philosophical systems. In the second part I look at the project of transcendental philosophy and the stages of its development from the standpoint of architectonics. The third part shows that Lakatos’s methodology can provide a detailed insight into the elements ...

... Wissenschaftstheorie. Systematisch-kritische Untersuchungen zur philosophischen Grundlegungsproblematik in Cohens “Logik der reinen Erkenntnis”. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann. Marx, W., 1987. Die philosophische Entwicklung Paul Natorps im Hinblick auf das System Hermann Cohens. In: H.-L. Ollig, ed. 1989. Materialen zur Neukantianismus-Diskussion. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, pp. 66-86. Mayerhofer, H., 2004. Der philosophische Begriff der Bewegung in Hermann Cohens “Logik der reinen ...

... The Intuitive Basis of Knowledge and The World as an Organic Whole by N. O. Lossky and The Object of Knowledge and The Unknowable by S. L. Frank. My investigation makes it possible to treat Lossky’s categorial framework as the representation of a system of levels of the universe each of which is characterised by two aspects: the ontological, i.e. it is part of the unity of the world, and the gnoseological, i.e. it has an independent cognitive significance. Frank considers categories to be an organic ...

... Kants. Hamburg: Meiner, pp. 121-138. Klemme, H., 1996. Kants Philosophie des Subjekts. Systematische und entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchung zum Verständnis von Selbstbewußtsein und Selbsterkenntnis. Hamburg: Meiner. Klimmek, N.F., 2005. Kants System der transzendentalen Ideen. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter. Krausser, P., 1987. Über den hypothetischen Vernunftgebrauch in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 69, pp. 164-196. Lequan, M., 2015. Kontinuität....

... Fabbianelli, F., 2000. Fichte e il Jacobi dello “Allwill” e del “Woldemar”. In: F. Fabbianelli, 2000. Antropologia trascendentale e la visione morale del mondo. Il primo Fichte e il suo contesto. Milano: Guerini, pp. 183-207. Fichte, J. G., 2005. The System of Ethics According to the Principles of the Wissenschaftslehre. Translated and edited by D. Breazeale, G. Zöller. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fichte, J. G., 1849. The Way towards the Blessed Life, or The Doctrine of Religion. Translated ...

At the centre of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from Plato’s. This is also true of Kant’s conception of freedom and of human rights. The greatest impact on Kant’s moral philosophy is due to...

... Press. Apel, K.-O., 1996. Selected Essays, Volume 2: Ethics and the Theory of Rationality. Edited by E. Mendieta. New Jersey: Humanities Press. Bunte, M., 2016. Erkenntnis und Funktion. Zur Vollständigkeit der Urteilstafel und Einheit des kantischen Systems. Berlin & Boston: de Gruyter. Förster, E., 2015. Transzendentalphilosophie. In: M. Willaschek, J. Stolzenberg, G. Mohr and S. Bacin, eds. 2015. Kant-Lexikon. Berlin & Boston: de Gruyter, pp. 2319-2325. Friedman, M., 1992. Kant and the Exact Sciences....

Der Beitrag hat die Eigenart der Moral und ihrer Rolle im System der Sitten zum Gegenstand. Dabei wird ein Exkurs in die Geschichte der Sitten und der Rezeption der Kantischen Sitten-Lehre polemisierend vorgenommen. Die von Kant angeführten Beispiele für die Anwendung seiner Theorie beweisen uns, dass sie ...

The paper focuses on the problem of anthropodicy in the philosophical system of Hermann Cohen and its interpretation by Jacob Gordin (1896—1947). Gordin was one of the last followers of Cohen in Russia. He developes his interpretation in the lecture “Anthropodicy”, which was given in the Philosophical Circle at the ...

... Element der Welt. München, 2000. 12. Gerhardt V. Partizipation: Das Prinzip der Politik. München, 2007. 13. Gerhardt V. Selbstbestimmung: Das Prinzip der Individualität. Stuttgart, 1999. 14. König P. Die Selbsterkenntnis der Vernunft und das wahre System der Philosophie bei Kant // Architektonik und System in der Philosophie Kants / Hrsg. H. f. Fulda und J. Stolzenberg. Hamburg, 2001. S. 41—52. 15. Han J. Die Entwicklung der Buddhistischen Philosophie, von India zu Korea. Seoul, 2003. 16. Han ...

This article revisits the ratio-centric system developed by the prominent exponent of the German enlightenment J. Chr. Gottsched (1700—1766). The authors examine the problem of the ontological argument in the context of the current civilizational crisis of consciousness, which arose against ...

The author tries to prove the thesis that Cohen's reception of Spinoza's thought is character-ized by a sequence of what we can find in the whole philosophical system of Marburg Neo-Kantian. Fluctuations in Cohen's interpretation of Spinoza's theoretical constructs correspond to a progres-sive refinement of his own philosophical system project. This research does not aim to shed new light on the wide panorama ...

... № 27. 23. Hessen, S. 1927, Rezension, Logos, № 16, S. 369—377. 24. Hessen, S. 1912, Mystik und Metaphysik, Logos, № 2, S. 92—113. 25. Hessen, S. 1929, Die Entwicklung der Physik Galileis und ihr Verhältnis zim phy-sikalischen System von Aristoteles, Logos, № 18, S. 339—361. 26. Hessen, S. 1914/1915, Die Philosophie der Strafe, Logos, № 5, S. 173—220. 27. Hessen, S. 1910/1911, Individuelle Kausalität, Logos, № 1, S. 416—417. 28. Hessen, S. 1930, Tolstoi ...

This article continues to analyse the systemacity of the CPR as a text ensuring the integrity of Kant’s philosophical system. Following the ideas presented in the first two parts of this work, part three considers the correlation between the spheres of concepts and reality. Kant divides concepts into phaenomena and noumena. The former are apprehended by the senses and ...

... the form when taken together. In effect, they turn out to be either motives for searching for transcendental principles or example s targeted at a certain type of readers and political agents. Identifying the role of publicity principles in Kant’s system of law and their strict positioning is also a complicated problem raising new questions as to their acceptable and preferable application. The principles are explicated in the treatise on perpetual peace. However, this article demonstrates that,...

... theoretical context of social pedagogy was defined by several key factors. The first one is Natorp’s dependency on legacy of Plato, J. Pestalozzi and I. Kant, while second deals with his critic of fundamental grounds of dominant contemporary pedagogical system. The major Natorp’s objection was directed against positioning psychology at the basis of a pedagogical theory. In principle this point of critique was matter of continuation of much broader debate between Neo- Kantianism and Positivism which ...

... 37. Semenov, Yu. I. 2003, Etnosy, natsii, rasy [Ethnic groups, nations, races], in: Gobozov, I. A. (ed.), Sotsial'naya filosofiya. Kurs lektsii [Social philosophy. Lectures], Moscow, p. 236—266. 38. Sokolov, P. A. 1913, Istoriya pedagogicheskikh system [The history of pedagogical systems], St. Petersburg. 39. Stolzenberg, J. 1995, Ursprung und System. Probleme der Begründung systematischer Philosophie im Werk Herman Cohens, Paul Natorps und beim frühen Martin Heidegger, Göttingen. 40. Stoyukhina,...

... required overcoming Kant’s scepticism, which was not consistent with the ideal-realist’s belief in the cognoscibility of transsubjective world given us in the original. The means necessary to overcome it determined the key characteristics of the new system of intuitivism, which emerged in a discussion of Kant’s epistemological system. The author identifies the key themes of transcendental philosophy that drew special attention of Lossky. These include the fundamental logical issues of the essence ...

... Morgenstunden… in relation to its analysis in L. G. von Jakob’s work. It is explained why Kant had to participate in debates with his opponents, despite the resolution to avoid them and concentrate on constructing a consistent and thus solid and effective system of philosophy. The significance of Kant’s small polemic works lies in that they explain the key elements of his system. Due to the objection to Mendelssohn’s reduction of philosophical debates to linguistic misunderstandings, i. e. discussions ...

... on the notion of clear conscience. The author analyses the notion of clear conscience and uses example to illustrate that an adequate understanding thereof requires consideringKant’s practical philosophy. It is concluded that, unlike the Copernican system of theoretical reason, Kant’s system of practical reasons remains Ptolemaic, where a human is the only centre and constitutive quantity of this sphere. It is argued that the essence of Kant’s enlightenment lies in defending human freedom and ...

... aimed at founding a “school of morality” in Hamburg. In the 18th century, Hamburg was considered a stronghold of freedom in the opposition between the two forms of being — the feudal and burgher’s ones — having become a capital of the new system of values. Philosophy and arts served as a means in this struggle against dogmatism and feudal absolutism. In this atmosphere, a newconceptual culture emerged. This culture, warmly welcomed by the society, rested on reason, virtue, justice, and ...

... a contemporary science. It has neither a clear concept of its object — a human being and their diseases, nor a rationally justified method, nor reliable treatment techniques. With the help of Kant’s theory of teleology in nature and based on the system of medi¬cine developed by the Scottish physician John Brown, Erhard attempted to formulate such foundations of a theory of medicine that might serve the purposes of medical practice. The last section of the paper develops Kant’s argument on ...

... law, from that of Russian religious philosophy, and that of Russian followers of the Marburg Neo-Kantianist.The first two approaches are characterized by a non-systemic perception with an emphasis on critique. The key features of the third one are the system nature and the attempt to stress both the progress and the shortcomings of H. Cohen’s ethical constructions.When analyzing Cohen’s ethics, Russian theorists of law focused on the correlation between law and morals. In this connection, the central ...

All three meanings of the notion "thing-initself" (object, subject and the transition between them), despite the evident opposition, constitutes the object of the central problem of philosophy in Kant's system. Kant is an innovator in both posing and answering the question. This answer is agnostic but not in the empirical or scientific sense, but rather in the solely philosophical meaning of these notions. The answer to his question — regarding both ...

... home tutoring, educational institutions of various types as well as self-education had on him. In the schools under the tutelage of the Jesuit Order the values instilled by home education appear to conflict with those imposed by the British educational system. A study of the school system features shows that it is unable to lead Stephen to the creation of a full-fledged ideal which he could follow. At the same time the home loses its significance to him which leads to a complete change in ideological ...

... the most important postulates. In practice, when assessing the educational results of students with disabili­ties, teachers are faced with many problematic situations. Adaptation of such programs involves certain alignment, and a special evaluation system, which considers the specifics of the mental operations, perception, memory, develop­ment of speech functions, the pace of educational activity, as well as the specif­ic educational capacities of each specific child. The article focuses on the ...

The article studies intonation features of vocal form of the language. The melody of national opera music reveals inherent prosodic corrrelation with the language intonation units and their features. The two cognitive systems, namely music and language, function via intonological models (the ones char­acteristic of both music and speech) of perception. Although the vocal music melody of a national language is not fully identical to speech intonation pat­terns acoustically,...

The article deals with the subject competence of a technical school teacher in the field of information security of automated systems. Having analyzed the pedagogical activity of a technical school teacher, the authors substantiated the urgency of the subject competence formation, defined the professional competencies, included in its structure, and characterized its components ...

... and A. A. Zalevskaya, in which language is represent­ed as a so­cio-personal continuum of linguistic phenomena of different ontolo­gy. The pur­pose of the article is to describe the basic properties of human lan­guage as a complex self-organizing system of processes. Active and subjective character of reality and knowledge representation in human mind determines the main pro­perties of language. The author offers a definition of language correspond­ing to this approach and describes the differences ...

... 1872—1911 authentic texts. A component analysis makes it possible to identify the characteristics of formation of general linguistic terms. It is established that F. de Saussure's terminology (118 preterms) is based on existing lexical units of different systems. Tectological mechanisms transformed Saussure’s terminology into a linguistic terminological system consisting of 36 scientific terms. 1. Cardona T. R. Négativité, récursivité, incalculabilité, les quaternions dans 'De l'essence double ...

... Шиганцова Н. В. Мотивации женщин к принятию решения о производстве аборта // Здравоохранение Дальнего Востока. 2014. № 3 (61). С. 28—31. 13. Abrik J.-C. Central system, peripheral system: their functions and roles in the dynamic of social representation // Papers on Social representations. 1993. № 2. P. 75—78. 14. Robinson G. E., Stotland N. L., Russo N. F. et al. Is there an «abortion trauma syndrome»?...