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... article identifies the circle of patrons of the Catholic lord and analyzes the reasons why he ultimately failed to fully integrate into the established system of state power. The me­thodological framework of the study includes both general scientific methods of inquiry (his­torical-genetic, problem-chronological, historical-comparative, and methods of analysis and synthesis) and microhistorical analysis. Randall McDonnell, Earl of Antrim, Henry Ireton, Charles Fleet­wood, Wars of the Three ...

... condemned the Polish liberation movement, believing that armed conflicts would lead to the disappearance of the Polish nation. Despite this, they held great respect for the participants of the January Uprising, simultaneously realizing the futility of armed methods in the struggle for the independence of Poland. In addition to criticizing the Polish liberation movement, Warsaw positivists negatively assessed representatives of the conservative Polish aristocracy who continued to live in the past, romanticizing ...

... economic crimes. The analysis of law enforcement practice indicates that the preliminary investigation bodies are experiencing significant difficulties in determining the amount of damage caused by the crime in question. The dialectical-materialistic method of scientific cognition, analysis, synthesis and statistical method are used as the methodological basis of the research. The purpose of the research is to determine the amount of income received and the damage caused by illegal entrepreneurship....

The article discusses expanding the research base in the field of educational psychology through the analysis of methodological issues that arose during the process of systemic digiti­zation of general and professional education in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic period. Digitization during these periods accelerated the transformation of socialization through educational means in a virtual learning environment. The fundamental problem of digital transformation in education...

... fiction began to form: in M. Shelley’s novel “Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus”, the motives of the supernatural are rationalized through the use of scientific and technical issues. The goal of the presented research is detecting the nature, methods and specif­ics of the transformations of the Gothic plot that led to the formation of the science fiction genre. It is achieved by the use of comparative, historical-genetic, hermeneutic, mythopoetic methods. Gothic literature reacted to the ...

... tool for the implementation of verbal abuse. The purpose of the study is to highlight the linguo-conflictogenic components of discourse that violate the linguistic security of participants in digital communication. To achieve this goal, a descriptive method and the method of discursive analysis were used. In the course of linguistic analysis, it was revealed that online media content is characterized by an increased emotions, expressiveness, aggressiveness, sarcastic tone and conflict potential. Markers ...

An assessment of environmental pollution in the city of Orenburg was conducted using the fluctuating asymmetry method. The common mountain ash was chosen as an environ­mental indicator. Leaf collection took place at seven points in the city with varying anthropo­genic loads. The research aimed to determine the impact of aerotechnogenic pollution on the magnitude ...

The article examines the settlement system of the Kaliningrad region using the dasymet­ric method, first proposed in the early 20th century by the Russian geographer V. P. Se­menov-Tyan-Shansky as a more precise alternative to population density cartograms. Several dasymetric analysis approaches (buffer zone delineation and grid methods) of ...

The social institution of locators, alongside the feudal land tenure system, was one of the main methods for land development in the Teutonic Order’s state. The position of a locator entailed establishing a settlement, attracting residents to its territory, and managing the social life of the new community. The formation of this group from the ...

... at the present stage. The aim of the study is to determine the role and assess these factors, considered through examples of cinema, streaming service content, and the video game industry. The author adopted a constructivist approach and employed the method of statistical data analysis from open sources. A comparative method was used to identify common trends in the examined sectors of the entertainment industry in the context of the U.S. intangible influence and to provide a forecast regarding the ...

... human trafficking and to examine the element of the criminalistic characteristics of human trafficking, specifically the data on the individual who committed the crime. Methodological Basis: To achieve this goal, the author employed the dialectical method, as well as a range of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition (analysis, comparison, analogy, systemic method, etc.). Results: Based on the analysis of empirical material (statistics from the Judicial Department of the Supreme ...

The aim of this study is to analyze the potential of corporate training and identify the key aspects of this approach for creating effective pedagogical tools for the formation and development of both professional skills and personal qualities in software testers. A critical review of the literature, including domestic and foreign sources, is conducted to formulate an original concept for the formation and development of professional competencies in software testers within the context of corporate...

One of the leading special methodological principles of professionally-oriented foreign language training — the principle of teaching based on speech patterns of a specific subject area — is highlighted. A theoretical analysis of the essence of this principle, its place and role in the system of principles of professionally-oriented foreign language teaching is presented, along with an attempt to practically implement this principle in the content of English language teaching for the subject area...

... only allows for defining the content of legal disci­plines but also developing criteria for assessing the professional and personal qualities of ca­dets that influence their legal competence. The main assessment criteria include knowledge of basic methods and ways of solving legal problems, the ability to apply knowledge in choosing methods for collecting, structuring, and analyzing information, mastery of techniques for composing, formatting, and monitoring the evaluation of legal solutions, as ...

... governments but also from businesses operating in the regions. The goal of this study is to track the dynamics of the transformation of the Kaliningrad region’s career-guidance project “PRO Opportunities.” The study employed comparative analysis methods to assess annual results and cartographic methods for a visual presentation of the distribution of career-guidance tourism sites across the region. career guidance tourism, career guidance for schoolchildren, socio-economic development ...

... Polotsk Academy. Forum Philosophicum, 11, pp. 230-233. doi:10.35765/forphil.2006.1101.15. Dvořák, P., 2015. Self-Evident Prepositions in Late Scholasticism: The Case of “God Exists”. Acta Comeniana, 27, pp. 47-73. Descartes, R., 1998. Discourse on Method. In: R. Descartes, 1998. Discourse on Method; and, Meditations on First Philosophy. Fourth Edition. Translated by D. A. Cress. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company, pp. 1-44. Evstigneev, M. D., 2021. What is Kantian Philosophy of Mathematics?...

This article explores the phenomenon of online political activism, specifically political blogging, from the perspective of the author's concept of prosumer activity. It focuses on the multimodal texts of websites that convey political messages using a range of semiotic codes. The study aims to demonstrate how the political identity of the addresser is encoded and expressed in the information product. The analysis results in a typology of multimodal texts, classified into three types based on their...

... were obtained experimentally. They consist of 104 pairs of expository text; each of the pairs includes a text published in an academic source and a popular science text created by the participant for provoking the reader’s interest. The comparative methods of empirical discourse analysis are used to identify and describe popularisation strategies. The results show that participants employed four strategies to transform academic texts: reduction N = 94), simplification (N = 81), contextualization ...

... Lektsionnye kursu [Philosophy and Science. Lecture Courses]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Rus.) Shpet, G. G., 2014. Istorija kak problema logiki: Kriti­cheskie i metodologicheskie issledovanija. Chast’ 1: Materialy [History as a Problem of Logic: Critical and Method­ological Studies. Part 1: Materials]. Edited and commented by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow & St. Petersburg: Universitetskaja kniga. (In Rus.) Shpet, G. G., 2016. Istoriya kak problema logiki: kriticheskie i metodologischeskie issledovanija. Chast’ ...

... the pro-creativity and pre-adaptability of the system (its stability and development. Alker, H. R., jr., 2014. Political Methodology: Old and New. In: M. V. Ilyin, ed. Me­tod: moskovskii ezhegodnik trudov iz obshchestvovedcheskikh distsiplin [METHOD: Mos­cow Yearbook of Works from Social Science Disciplines], 4, pp. 345—359 (in Russ.). Asmolov, A. G., Shekhter, E. D. and Chernorizov, A. M., 2018. Preadaptatsiya k ne­opredelennosti: nepredskazuemye marshruty evolyutsii [Pre-Adaptation to ...

... offered a common theoretical frame for the whole structure of metrics. Later, some of Malishevskii’s ideas were developed by Aleksei Kviatkovskii, who proposed a unified treatment of classical and non-classical verse. Theoretics of the ‘Russian method’ in the theory of verse considered these theories unverifia­ble, although a closer analysis of them allows us to show that they were precursors of modern metric typology. The present article explores Malishevskii’s theoretical views both in ...

The development of methods for obtaining new types of materials creates the groundwork for the development and improvement of advanced techniques in biomedicine, bionanotechnology, and nanomedicine. In this context, there is a need to assess the toxicological characteristics ...

... MRS medium supplemented with nanoselenium at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/L (based on selenium content). The antagonistic activity of L. lactis IMB B-7352 against cultures of phytopathogenic bacteria was assessed using the agar block method. It was found that nanoselenium at a concentration of 0.75 mg/L exhibited optimal stimulatory activity in terms of biomass accumulation by L. lactis IMB B-7352. Examination of the antagonistic activity of L. lactis IMB B-7352 revealed that the ...

This study focuses on investigating atmospheric zinc deposition in the Kaliningrad Re­gion using biomonitoring methods. The moss species Pleurosium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens, collected in 2020, were selected as bioindicators. The primary aim of the study was to assess the spatial distribution of atmospheric air pollution by zinc in the region and to identify ...

... Dmitrieva, N. A., 2012. Heidegger and Neo-Kantianism. Social Sciences and Humanities. Domestic and Foreign Literature. Series 3: Philosophy, 1, pp. 166-178. (In Rus). Falev, E. V., 2015. Evolyuciya metoda v filosofii Martina Haideggera [The Evolution of Method in the Philosophy of Martin Heidegger]. Dissertation. Lomonosov Moscow State University. (In Rus). Funke, A., 2022. Neukantianismus und Rechtswissenschaft. Berichte aus dem Inneren einer schwierigen Ehe. In: G. Morrone and R. Redaelli, eds. 2022....

... June 2023. Available at: < https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/nietzsche-and-ai-on-chatgpt-and-the-psychology-of-illusion/ > (Accessed 23.08.2025). Babich, B., 2025a. Gadamer and Nietzsche on the Question of Science: ‘The Victory of Scientific Method Over Science’. In: F. Bey, ed. 2025. Hans-Georg Gada­mer. Cuestiones abiertas / Open Questions. Quito: filosófica, pp. 177-208. Available at: < https://filosoficaeditorial.fundacionfilosofica.com/sdm_downloads/hans-georg-gadamer/> ; (Accessed ...

... advocate an idea that a necessary condition for a dispute about truth amounts not to the carriers of non-ideal logical thought, but to a variety of approaches to reconstructing the logical form of conditional reasoning, which implies diversification of methods for solving logical tasks. The relevance of the study is conveyed by discussions about logical aliens - fan­tastic mad-humans, in which Frege embodied his idea of the impossibility of denying the nec­essary nature of logical laws in the acquisition ...

... devoted to examining the spread of pornographic content in social networks and messengers. The study was conducted through an anonymous online survey of users. The data analyzed include the frequency of users’ exposure to pornographic content, the methods of its distribution, age and gender char­acteristics of consumption, as well as respondents’ attitudes toward this phenomenon. In ad­dition, other general scientific and specific scientific methods are employed. The main risks associated with ...

... as an operational-search measure, and search and seizure as investigative actions. The philosophical foundation is dialectical materialism, which presupposes the study of all phenomena in their totality and systemic interconnection. The study employs methods of synthesis and analysis, induction and deduction, as well as special methods of research in the field of legal science. The main problems concerning verification actions are examined, including the determination of their legal nature, the clarification ...

... is devoted to the study of efficacious translation strategies in the process of game localization. It discusses the means of linguistic localization of videogames in terms of cultural linguistic approach. The attention is paid to the analysis of the methods and grounds for choosing certain translation strategies so as to adapt the in-game realia fand terms for the target gaming community. The research is based on the materials of the role-playing computer game (RPG) Disco Elysium and its official ...

... Gathering in biosemiotics. Moscow, pp. 15—16. Chebanov, S. V., 2019b. On the way to semiotically conscious biology: biosemiot­ics replaces the synthetic theory of evolution. In: Metod: moskovskii ezhegodnik trudov iz obshchestvovedcheskikh distsiplin [METHOD: Moscow Yearbook of Works from Social Science Disciplines], 9. Moscow, pp. 151—173 (in Russ.). Chebanov, S. V., 2020. The system of understanding techniques by G. I. Bogin. In: Ponimanie i refleksiya v Rossii: sbornik materialov dokladov na mezhdunarodnoi ...

... literatury dlya sotsial'nykh rabotnikov) [Terminolo­gy of social work: structure, semantics and functioning (the case of English-language publications for social workers)]. Ph. D. Saint Petersburg (in Russ.). Cabré, M. T., 1999. Terminology: theory, methods, and applications. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia. Chernetskii, Yu., 2015. Development of the system of basic sociological concepts in the late XX — early XXI centuries. Sotsiologiya: teoriya, metody, marketing [Sociology: theory, methodology, marketing],...

... of linguistic communica­tion. The main objective is to develop a linguo-aesthetic model of literary communication based on the models of the sign, semiosis and communication adopted in linguistics, semiotics and poetics. The author employs semiotic methods of modelling the sign and communication, developed in the works of Frege, Peirce, Shpet, Mukařovsky, Jakobson, Lotman, Eco, Novikov, and Zolyan. The emphasis is laid on the models of the sign and the corresponding models of semiosis in relation ...

... objective is to assess the influence of the meanings of necessity on the semantic orientation of the biblical texts manifested in the difference between the precepts of the Old and New Testament. I employ the field approach and use both universal research methods and the methods and techniques of the functional-semantic, etymological, and contextual analysis, etc. The main finding of this study is that the semantic content of lexical modifiers of the modality of necessity in the New Testament differs from ...

... subtitles. The non-existent Ideal viewer. Translatio (Nouvelles de la FIT/FIT Newsletter), 14(3—4), pp. 376—383. Künzli, A. and Ehrensberger-Dow, M., 2011. Innovative Subtitling: A Reception Study. In: C. Alvstad, A. Hild and E. Tiselius, eds. Methods and Strategy of Process Research. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. pp. 187—200. Lavaur, J-M and Bairnstow, D., 2011. Languages on the screen: Is film comprehension related to viewers’ fluency and to the language in the subtitles. International ...

... ‘translation’? How do we integrate multimodality into our traditionally textual analyses? This article formulates tentative answers based onrecent publications in the field. It calls for sustained research in the reception of news translation and with cognitive methods, as well as intensified exchanges with audiovisual translation. Baker, M., 2006. Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account. London: Routledge. Bassnett, S., 2005. Bringing the News Back Home: Strategies of Acculturation and Foreignisation....

Corpus-based interpreting studies (CIS) are a relatively recent “[…] Off-shoot of Corpus-based Translation Studies” to quote the seminal paper (1998) by the late Miriam Shlesinger, a constant source of inspiration for the T&I community. This line of research is now gaining ground in both conference interpreting and community interpreting. The present paper focuses on conference interpreting and covers the evolution of the concept of interpreting corpus by providing an overview of the most representative...

... explanatory dictionary of the modern Russian language]. Moscow (in Russ.). Fomin, I. V., 2017. Semiotic frontier: through the depths of centuries and the boundaries of disciplines. METOD: Moskovskii ezhegodnik trudov iz obshchestvovedcheskikh distsiplin [METHOD: Moscow Yearbook of works from social science disciplines], 7, pp. 25—37 (in Russ.). Yakobson, R. O., 2016. In search of the essence of language. METOD: Moskovskii ezhegodnik trudov iz obshchestvovedcheskikh distsiplin [METHOD: Moscow Yearbook ...

... Slavonic lexemes as an equivalent to the paired Greek words, the way the matching Greek lexemes were selected, and the effect of semantic inconsistencies on the formation of the idea of the ruler in the consciousness of Slavs. The study employs the methods of etymological, lexicographical, lexical-semantic analysis, as well as methods of modern comparative studies. The author identifies the integral and differential significance contained in the semantics of the paired Church Slavonic and Greek ...

....<br> 2. Dem'yankov,V. Z., 2016. Cognitive techniques of knowledge transfer. Kognitivnye issledovaniya yazyka [The cognitive study of language], 26, pp. 29—32.<br> 3. Dmitrieva, E., 2011. The theory of cultural transfer and the comparative method in humanitarian studies: opposition or continuity? Voprosy literatury [Questions of literature], Available at: <a href=" http://magazines "> http://magazines </a>. russ. ru/voplit/2011/4/dm16.html [Accessed 05 March 2017]....

... dream descriptions. Deeper levels are targeted by semantic mechanisms: associative, metaphorical, and metonymical ones. In these conditions, of special importance is the interpretation of symbols. These mechanisms serve as the basis for C. G. Jung’s method of dream interpretation. 1. Кубрякова Е. С. Парадигмы научного знания в лингвистике и ее науч¬ный статус // Изв. РАН. Сер. лит. и яз. 1994. Т. 53, № 2. С. 3—15....

Using art history interpretation methods and the methods of historical cultural studies, the author demonstrates the role of rhythm and metaphor as the most expressive artistic means of icon painting. The interaction of rhythm and metaphor is an integral part of the imagery and semantics ...

This article analyses L. Leonov’s novel «The Pyramid» from the perspective of hermeneutical and intertextual methodologies and identifies the coordinates of the text’s literary dialogue with the reader’s perception. The author shows that the hermeneutical and intertextual research methodologies make it possible to identify the multitude of intersections of literary layers, evaluations, and positions and describe the dynamic process of modelling a literary meaning, which employs intertextual connections...