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... the region has contributed to the development of “migration networks” and established a new basis for further population increase through migration. The article describes changes in the regional multiethnic population structure and identifies key factors behind them. It is concluded that migration has played the decisive role in the process of multiethnic population structure transformation in the Kaliningrad region in the post-Soviet period. The author views migration as a serious test for both ...

... the study is the recent trends of migratory movements in the case of Latvia. Due to the country’s economic recession, migration has accelerated in the recent years. Empirical results show the response of the migration system to the changing internal factors and external influences in the times of transition and global crisis. Long-term emigration exacerbates the problem of demographic change in Latvia. 1. Apsite E., Krišjāne Z., Berzins M. Emigration from Latvia under economic crisis conditions ...

... In: Artobolevsky, S. S., Sintserov, L. M. (eds.), 2008, Transformacija rossijskogo prostranstva: social'no-jekonomicheskie i prirodno-resursnye faktory (polimasshtabnyj analiz) [Transformation of the Russian space: socio-economic and natural resource factors (full analysis)], collection of reports XXV session MARS, Moscow, p. 173—181. 11. Lexin, V. N. 2009, Goroda vlasti: administrativnye centry Rossii [City government: administrative centers of Russia], Mir Rossii [World of Russia], no. 1,p. 3—33....

... // Demographic Research. 2005. Vol. 12.P. 232—380. 59. Wojnicki J. Kształtowanie systemów wielopartyjnych Europy Środkowowschodniej 1989—2000. Pułtusk, 2005. 60. Yemelyanova L. L. International cross-border migration in South-East Baltic: factors, structure, consequences // Baltic Region. 2010. № 4(6). P. 55—64. Michalski T. 10.5922/2079-8555-2014-2-3 35-47 Baltic Europe, natural increase/decrease

... concepts]. In: Social'naja geografija Kaliningradskoj oblasti [Social geography of the Kaliningrad region], Kaliningrad, p. 25—42. 3. Agafonov, N. T., Golubev, A. N. 1973, Kategorii i faktory demograficheskoj obstanovki (situacii) [Categories and factors of the demographic situation (situation)]. In: Prikladnaja demografija [Applied demography], Moscow, p. 29—36. 4. Valentey, D. I. 1970, K voprosu o sisteme nauk i zakonov narodonaselenija [On the system of sciences and laws Population], Izvestija ...

... Finljandii) [Internalization interbranch complexes (for example, energy clusters in Northwest Russia and Finland)], PhD thesis, Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg State University, 172 p. 15. Shastitko, A. 2009, Competitiveness of the region: content, factors, policies, Baltic Region, no. 1, p. 10—25. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2009-1-2. 16. European Cluster Observatory, 2013, available at: http://www.clusterobservatory.eu/index. html (accessed 06.07.2013). 17. Kompetenznetze, 2013, available at: ...

... promotion of more balanced accessibility; 4) development of access to information and knowledge; 5) reduction of environmental damage; 6) enhancement and protection of natural resources and natural heritage; 7) enhancement of cultural heritage as a factor for development; 8) developing energy resources while maintaining safety; 9) encouragement of highquality, sustainable tourism. An efficiency analysis of these principles showed that the level of their application for ensuring sustainable development ...

This article considers key conditions and factors of the development of Aland Islands, describes main international legal regulations determining current status of the islands, identifies the trends in volume and structure of economic activities, ana lyzes processes of population change by regions ...

..., Leningrad, 112 p. 16. Fedorov, G. M. 1985, Geodemograficheskaja tipologija [Geodemographic typology], Leningrad, 152 с. 17. Fedorov, G. M. 2013, Obshhie i specificheskie faktory razvitija jekonomiki rossijskogo jeksklava [General and specific factors of economic development of the Russian exclave], Vestnik ARGO, no. 2, p. 195—205, available at: www.vestnikagro.sfedu.ru (accessed 09.12.2013). 18. Definition of Rural Settlements, 2010, available at: www.ehow.com (accessed 23.11.2013). ...

... incentive for the development of], Rossijskoe jekspertnoe obozrenie [Russian Expert Review], no. 4, p. 4—45. 23. Kuznetsova, О. 2011, Osobye jekonomicheskie zony kak faktor jekonomicheskogo razvitija rossijskih regionov [Special economic zones as a factor of economic development of Russian regions]. In: Geograficheskoe prostranstvo Rossii: obraz i modernizacija [Russian geographical space: the image and modernization], Saint Petersburg, p. 261—280. 24. Fedorov, G. M., Zverev, Yu. M. 1995, ...

... (as amended on 21.09.2013)], 2013, The Russian government, available at: http://fcp. economy. gov.ru (accessed 01.12.2013). 15. Fedorov, G. M. 2013, Obshhie i specificheskie faktory razvitija jekonomiki rossijskogo jeksklava [General and specific factors of economic development of the Russian exclave] // Social'no-jekonomicheskaja geografija. Vestnik Associacii rossijskih geografov — obshhestvovedov [Social-economic geography. Bulletin of the Russian Association of social-geographers], no. 2,...

... of current states, which are called scenarios. The article describes the four possible scenarios of changes in the role of Estonia in Russian foreign policy that are evaluated from the perspective of the development of Russian-Estonian relations and factors affecting the probability of each scenario. It is shown that any change in the role of Estonia in Russian foreign policy depends not only on the specific actions of the Estonian elite, for example their readiness to change their position on the ...

International trade is an important factor affecting competition in domestic markets. Considering the vastness of Russian territory, one can expect the pro-competitive effect to vary from region to region. This analysis tests the hypothesis that the unique geographical position and economic ...

... Regional'no-jekonomicheskij analiz formirovanija territorial'nyh rekreacionnyh sistem [Regional-economic analysis of the formation of territorial recreation systems], Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg State University Press. 4. Kropinova, E. 2011, The factors affecting the development of the South-Eastern Baltic tourism and recreation region, Balt. Reg., no. 1, p. 93—100. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-1-12. 5. Novikov, V. S. 2010, Innovacii v turizme [Innovation in tourism], Moscow, Akademija. 6....

... NPP and the export of generated electric energy to Poland, Lithuania, Germany, and Sweden. The author concludes that the prospects of Russia’s energy export to the Baltic Sea region will be determined not only by technological, economic and market factors, but rather by the general state of relations between Russia and the EU. Moreover, a lot depends on Lithuania’s decision on the construction of the Visaginas NPP, as well as the way the EU and the Baltic States solve the problem of energy supply ...

... system of the Baltics. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the processes relating to the development of international tourism in Lithuania in the context of the Baltic States. We also carry out the comparison of regional competitive factors and trace the patterns for further development of international tourism in Lithuania in the framework of cross-border and transborder cooperation. 1. Agenda 21: Baltic Sea Region Tourism. Baltic 21 Tourism Group, 1998, Baltic 21 Series no. 7/98,...

... principal object of strategic management of a region or city, its key tool being the utilization of its own good practices. The main objective of territorial development is increasing the capacity for constructive interaction between all its “actors and factors”. In this situation, the monitoring territorial development is seen as an integral part of management. It ensures the inventory, observation, and comparison of various trends determining the situation, as well as the results of actions aimed ...

... Rossijskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni I. Kanta. 4. Ivchenko, V. V. Bilchak, М. V. 2009, Modelirovanie razvitija prigranichnoj jekonomiki kak faktor preodolenija krizisnyh javlenij v regione [Modeling the development of cross-border economy as a factor in overcoming the crisis in the region], Vestnik Baltijskogo nauchnogo centra, no. 1 (29), p. 40—47. 5. Raizberg, B. А., Lobko, А. G. 2002, Programmno-celevoe planirovanie i upravlenie [Software-oriented planning and management], Moscow, INFRA-M....

... Scandinavian countries and Germany. Also, the analysis indicates the potential participants of international clusters, namely the Baltics and Poland as they are involved in a large number of international cluster initiatives. The author identifies the factors contributing to the formation of international clusters in the Baltic Sea region. 1. Asheim, B. T., Coenen, L., Moodysson, J. 2009, The Life Science Cluster of Medicon Valley, Scandinavia. In: Jonathan, P., Gabriela, M. Clusters, Innovation ...

Cross-border cooperation as a type of interregional interaction is becoming a significant factor in the development of border regions. It can be viewed as a result of intensification of cross-border contacts and greater economic openness of cross-border regions. Thus, the roots of current development are quite easy to pinpoint. However, assessment ...

... potential of Russia and the EU: regional and international aspects], Balt. reg., no. 4, p. 22—38. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-4-2. 4. Voronov, V. V. 2012, Ocenka i faktory rosta innovacionnoj konkurentosposobnosti regionov Latvii [The evaluation and factors of increase in innovative competitiveness of Latvian regions], Balt. reg., no. 4, p. 7—21. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-4-1. 5. Glossarij.ru: Issledovatel'skie seti [Glossariy. ru: Research Network], available at: http://www.glossary.ru/cgi-bin/gl_sch2....

... transgranichnogo sotrudnichestva Litvy i Kaliningradskoj oblasti Rossii kak faktor razvitija nauchno-tehnicheskogo i innovacionnogo potenciala prigranichnyh territorij [Experience of cross-border cooperation of Lithuania and the Kaliningrad region of Russia as a factor in the development of scientific, technological and innovation capacity of border areas], Issledovaniâ Baltijskogo regiona [Baltic Region Studies], no. 1(7), p. 131—142. 12. Baranova, Yu. V. 2011, Predposylki formirovanija transgranichnogo regiona ...

... initiated by the forces that present themselves as conservative. The author also mentions significant problems arising during the modernisation of Russian society; these problems are rooted in both objective conditions of the on-going process and subjective factors. The article addresses the emergence and development of the modernisation idea in Russia. The relevance of this work lies in theidentification of the features of the transition of Russian society into a new phase, which reflects the trends of ...

..., available at: http://www.proinno-europe. eu/page/european-innovation-scoreboard-2009 (accessed 26 August 2012). 12. Ignatjevs, S. 2011, Teritorijas mārketings kā reģiona stratēģiskās attīstības faktors [Territorial marketing as a strategic factor for the development of the region], Rēzekne, Izd. „Druka”. 13. Saati, T. 1993, Prinjatie rescheniy. Metod analiza ierarhiy [Decision-making. The analytic hierarchy process.], Moscow, „Radio i svjaz”. 14. Ekspertnie ocenki v sociologicheskih ...

... Approximately 50 NFWD universities, 29 of which are located in Saint Petersburg, are involved in cooperation; most NWFD universities do not cooperate with the mentioned countries. Such low degree of cooperation in the field of education is a serious inhibiting factor, which reduces competitiveness on the modern market of educational services. 1. Verbitskaya, L. A. 2001, Globalizacija i internacionalizacija v obrazovanii i vazhnost' izuchenija inostrannyh jazykov [Globalization and internationalization in ...

... methods of institutional support for innovative activity. The authors characterise the role of business, university, and authorities — which constitute the «triple helix» — in national innovative systems. The article also analyses such important factors as the intensity of research and development, the share of employees in the field of advanced technologies, and the methods of public support. Examples of private-public infrastructure for the implementation of innovative projects are offered....

... regiona [Harmonization of economic interests in the management of the region's economy], Vlast' [Power], no. 11, p. 31—38. 11. Rasskazova, N. V. 2011, Faktory realizacii jekonomicheskih interesov subjektov malogo predprinimatel'stva: Voprosy teorii [Factor in the economic interests of small businesses: Theory], Izvestija Penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universitetA im. V. G. Belinskogo [Bulletin Penza State Pedagogical University named after V. G. Belinsky], no. 24, p. 393—398. 12....

... dimension in the identification (and functioning) of clusters, especially in comparison to cluster formation theory based on the technological connection of adjacent units. The author comes to a conclusion that, without the inclusion of institutional factors, alongside localising and technological ones (demonstrated through different variables), it is virtually impossible to develop an independent cluster theory, different from the general agglomeration theory. For the first time, a hierarchy of ...

This article focuses on the factors inhibiting a productive rethinking of the past in contemporary Lithuanian-Russian relations. The rethinking of the past is understood as a process facilitating the reconsideration of historical meanings through adjusting them to the expectations ...

..., 2011, Kaliningrad, Territorial'nyj organ Federal'noj sluzhby gosudarstvennoj statistiki po Kaliningradskoj oblasti, 60 p. 12. Shtercer, T. A. 2005, Jempiricheskij analiz faktorov innovacionnoj aktivnosti v subektah RF [An empirical analysis of the factors of innovation activity in the RF], Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Ser. Social'noekonomicheskie nauki, vol. 5, no. 2.  Voloshenko Ksenya, Kolosovsky Andrei, Tikhonova Anna 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-1-11 89-96 research ...

... authors examine the role of trans-border relations between Russia and the European Union in promoting mutually beneficial strategic cooperation in the Baltic Sea region. Historical experience, geopolitical position, national psychology and some other factors shape common perceptions of the state frontier in mass consciousness, which can vary from country to country. The state frontier is a key imperative of trans-border regional cooperation. The trans-border relations between Russia and the EU serve ...

... of collective security and intergovernmental cooperation development. The cultural and historical features of Central Europe and Scandinavia emphasize the need for a comparative study into the European idea. This article considers the tendencies and factors which affected the development of the European idea in the framework of the post-war planning. This research sets out to compare and identify similar or analogous features and elements of the theoretical bases of movements for European unity in ...

... Secure Energy, 2006, Europe's Energy Portal, available at: http://www.energy.eu/directives/2006_03_08_gp_document_en.pdf (accessed 17 October 2011). 4. Mitrova, Т. 2005, Analiz faktorov riska rossijskogo jeksporta prirodnogo gaza [Analysis of risk factors of Russian natural gas exports], The Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, available at: http://www.eriras.ru/papers/2005/risks. pdf (accessed 02 October 2011). 5. Matteotti, S., Nartova, О. 2010, Novye trebovanija k inostrannym ...

Russia's accession to the WTO is an efficient instrument of the country's integration into the globalized world economy. However, it can adversely affect a number of enterprises and industries within the national economy. Thus, there is a need to develop a methodology for the assessment of the preparedness for operating under WTO membership conditions, which can be practically applied in the development of measures aimed at increasing the competitiveness of economic entities. This determines the...

This article focuses on the correlation between the contemporary crisis phenomenon in the Eurozone and some CIS countries, and the existing Euroregions. We attempt to analyze the interdependence of the qualitative aspect of cross-border relations of European countries with their economic sustainability in the context of regional international integration. The theoretical significance of this work lies in the revealed correlation between the efficiency of cross-border Euroregions and the additional...

... to studies into the foreign policy initiatives of the Republic of Lithuania in the international arena. While earlier they were determined by the value (democratic approach), which was a reflection of American realism, today an increasingly important factor is the personality of the president, who does not always positively influence the changing policy of the country. The results of the research contribute substantially to the understanding of foreign policy processes taking place in Lithuania and ...