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... Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 65-204. Kant, I., 2016a. The Natural Law of Feyerabend. Introduction (Ending). Kantian Journal, 4, pp. 56-62. (In Rus.) Kant... ... Issledovanie o proiskhozhdenii nashikh idei krasoty i dobrodeteli [An Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue]. In: M. F. Ovsyannikov, ed. 1973. Frensis... .... Adam Smith. Aesthetics], Moscow, pp. 41-261. (In Rus.) Kolomý, V., 2023. Kant on Moral Feeling and Respect. Kantian Review, 28, pp. 105-123. Kulenkampff, J., 2004. Moralisches...

... exhausted their heuris­tic potential to this day. First, I show the significance of the correlation between moral law and freedom. Since a rational being believes that his/her will is independent of external influences, the will turns out to be governed by the moral law and is autonomous. Morality and freedom are correlated through independence from the external. Accordingly, if the actions of artificial intelligence (AI) are determined by something or someone external to it (by a human), then it does not act morally ...

... the unchanged form of moral prescriptions.The author focuses on the development of Kantian approach in solving the problem of moral philosophy. The essence of morals is revealed not in the creation of ideal projects but rather in the need for action: the moral law must be implemented in the outside world. The theory of standards and ethics evaluates moral foundations as an internal absolute value. However, a definition of morals is meaningful only as an individual experience of a person, social requirements ...

... of false and, as a matter of fact, contractually based forms of matrimonial unions, proceed in undermining still more the basics of his positive philosophy of family, and supply additional arguments for a reform of Kantian philosophy of matrimonial law. In the expositions of Kant’s philosophy of marriage, when purified from this naturalistic premise, there can be traced some more integral notion of family union, seen as a moral unity of persons as such, in regard to which the marriage as external union of physical persons is a mere consequence and legal form. The personal union in matrimonial communication creates a relation in which there are two physical persons, but ...

... of science]. Moscow, 209 p. 4. Alexeev, N. N. 1929, Evrazijstvo i marksizm [Eurasianism and Marxism] // Evrazijskij Sbornik Kn. VI [Eurasian Miscellany. Vol. VI], Prague, p. 7—17. 5. Alexeev, N. N. 1930, Religija, pravo i nravstvennost' [Religion, law, and morality], Paris, 106 p. 6. Alexeev, N. N. 1955, Ideja gosudarstva: Ocherki po istorii politicheskoj mysli [The idea of the State: Essays on the history of political thought] New York, 412 p. 7. Alexeev, N. N. 1998a, Na putiakh k budushchei Rossii [On the way to the future Russia], Russkii narod i gosudarstvo [Russian nation and the state], Moscow, p. ...

... Foundations of Metaphysics of Morals, what can help us to understand some not clear aspects of Kant’s ethical thought. One of such questions is the question of moral motivation, and namely how we can not only know, what we have to do according to the moral law, but also actually want do it? As in his published writings Kant concludes in the Introduction of Natural Law Notes that human will itself can not be in complete agreement with the moral law, because objective motive (that is the moral law alone) ...

The early decades of the last century saw European philosophical thought becoming increasingly interested in the sociological extension of the idea of law. From the viewpoint of the sociology of law, law is formed in the process of social interactions and is not sanctioned by ... ... Translation. Edited and translated by K. Tribe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Windelband, W., 1907. Vom Prinzip der Moral. In: W. Windelband, 1907. Präludien. Aufsätze und Reden zur Einleitung in die Philosophie. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, pp....

... Obligatory Maxim from Kant’s Universalizability Tests. Zeitschrift für Ethik und Moralphilosophie, 5(1), pp. 15-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42048-022-00115-0 . Kahn, S., 2022b. Why Positive Duties Cannot be Derived from Kant’s Formula of Universal Law. Philosophia, 50, pp. 1189-1206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-021-00429-0 . Kant, I., 1998. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Edited by M. Gregor and J. Timmermann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sensen, O., 2023. Universal Law and Poverty Relief. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 26, pp. 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-022-10281-0 . Stohr, K., 2011....

... arguments in the context of his later metaphysics. Fichte maintains that in the “second type” of worldview man himself feels and understands, respects and loves himself only as a subject of unconditional law, therefore the pathos and “affection of law” pervades all his assessments and motivations. This affects the impartiality of moral assessment if the requirements of the law are diverged from. The “man of law”, the Stoic and Kantian who is not conscious of direct violations of the law, can at most not despise himself, but he cannot, according to Fichte, positively respect ...

This article considers the practice of justification of arbitrary use of force, which poses a paradox and was ... ... foreseen in Kant’s peace project. It is paradoxical because modern international law — unlike classical law — is aimed not at regulating wars but maintaining peace... ... 2003. S. 27—55. 28. Tèson F. Humanitarian Intervention. An Inquiry into Law and Morality. N. Y., 1988. 29. Wheeler N. Saving Strangers. Humanitarian Intervention...

... a maximum of morality that can ground our moral disposition and in so doing acts as a stan­dard for morality. More precisely, the following argument is made: 1) the sublime nature of the image of Christ — as an image of universal respect for the law — awakens the moral feeling of subjects in the sense of the possibility of overcoming one’s perverted nature; 2) as moral perfection it provides immediate transparency to the end goal of morality; 3) just as in the case of associative construction of empirical concepts,...

... Epistemology of Human Rights. Social Philosophy and Policy, 1(2), pp. 1-24. Gewirth, A., 1998. The Community of Rights. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Gregor, M., 1995. Natural Right or Natural Law? Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik / Annual Review of Law and Ethics, 3, pp. 11-35. Herman, B., 1993. The Practice of Moral Judgment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hill, T. E. J., 1980. Humanity as an End in Itself. Ethics, 91(1), pp. 84-99. Hill, T. E. J., 1992. Dignity and Practical Reason in Kant’s Moral Theory. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Hill,...

The lectures on natural law delivered by Kant in the winter semester of 1784/85 have recently attracted increasing attention from Kant scholars. Dating ... ... “Osnovopolozheniju k metafiziki nravov” (1785) [An Annoticed Kant’s Commentary to the “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals” (1785) from 1784], Istoriki-filosofskij jezhegodnik [History of Philosophy Yearbook], p. 31—38. 3. Kant, I. 1994, ...

... Military Intervention”, in: Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik 16, pp. 57—100. 3. Bernstein, A. R. 2014, The Right of States, the Rule of Law, and Coercion: Reflections on Pauline Kleingeld’s Kant and Cosmopolitanism, in: Kantian Review 19/2, pp. 233—249. 4. Byrd,... ... Cambridge. 5. Flikschuh, K. 2007, Duty, Nature, Right: Kant’s Response to Mendelssohn in Theory and Practice III, in: Journal of Moral Philosophy 4/2, pp. 223—241. 6. Flikschuh, K. 2010, Kant’s Sovereignty Dilemma, in: The Journal of Political Philosophy ...

... Alekseev’s interpretation of the role of the rule in philosophy of law. It is shown that Alekseev employs the distinction between the a priori and empirical, suggested by the theory of values, in his philosophy. Values are identified as a basis for the development of law and morals in Alekseev’s philosophy. Comparing reality and values makes it possible to see how Alekseev combines the id eas of axiology of Neo-Kanitianism and phenomenology. To narrow the gap between the a priori and empirical in the theory of values proposed ...

... Schatten der Tugend. Kant über die unergründliche Tiefe des Herzens. Kantian Jour­nal, 40(4), pp. 11-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2021-4-2 . Solovyov, E. Yu. Kategoricheskij imperativ nravstvennosti i prava [Categorical Imperative of Morality and Law]. Mocsow: Progress-Tradicija, 2005. Startseva, A. and Sabanov, A. O., 2021. Immanuel Kant and the “New Enlightenment”. International Conference Report. Kantian Journal, 42(1), pp. 132-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2023-1-7 . Sticker, M., 2021. Poverty, Exploitation, Mere Things and Mere Means. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice,...

... Philosophy of Right. Edited by A. W. Wood, translated by H. B. Nisbet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Herman, B., 1993. The Practice of Moral Judgment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Hӧffe, O., 1979. Ethik und Politik. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp. Hruschka, J., 1992. Universalization and Related Principles. Archives for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 78, pp. 289-300. Kant, I., 1992. M. Immanuel Kant’s Announcement of the Programme of His Lectures ...

... Federation. Of course, the articles of Constitution require significant improvement so that they adhere to the letter and the spirit of Kant’s ideas on state and law. The article stresses the need to take into account two provisions of Kant’s philosophy: the complementarity of morals and law and support for traditional family values. The legal discussions on the essence of constitutionalism, supremacy of law, and constitutional state lack philosophical depth and consideration of the sources of these phenomena. Without a philosophical ...

... concept of obligation, it will be demonstrated that the natural law is grounded on the will of God. In contrast, the concept of obligation in Christian Wolff's Philosophia practica universalis has no need to found the validity of obligation of natural law in God's will. Instead he developed a concept which was based on the idea of a free self-binding moral subject. Therefore, Wolff's Philosophy has a great impact on Kant's own moral philosophy and especially on his concept of obligation. I will conclude by showing to what extent Kant was going beyond the early modern concept of the natural law tradition....

... and helpful for understanding difficult and crucial issues of today. One example is the strange transformation the concept of human dignity has undergone in post-Soviet... ... enjoy comfortable living conditions, being almost totally divorced from duties and from morality. Such interpretations of human dignity lead to a dead end, creating problems... ... 2007. Konstitucionnoe pravo Rossijskoj Federacii: uchebnik dlya vuzov [Constitutional Law of the Russian Federation: textbook for High Schools]. Moscow: Norma. (In Rus.)...

..., G., 1905. Das Recht des modernen Staates. Volume 1. Second Edition. Berlin: O. Häring. Kant, I., 1996. The Metaphysics of Morals (1797). ln: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University ... ... 1650. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag. Krouglov, A. N., 2014. Early Reception of Kant’s First Metaphysical Foundations of the Doctrine of Law in Russia (Late 18th and First Half of the 19th Centuries). In: I. Kant, 2014. Sochiniya na nemetskom i russkom yazykakh [Works ...

The third formulation of the Categorical Imperative rarely receives the attention devoted to its predecessors. This paper aims to develop a naturalistic approach to morality inspired by Kant’s conception of moral agents as legislating in a Kingdom of Ends. Positions derived from the third formulation, John Rawls’s Kantian Constructivism and T. M. Scanlon’s Contractualism, cleave closely to Kant in idealising ...

The article considers the first of the two principles of justice proposed by the American ... ... principle of justice and emphasises that the principles of justice must take into account moral principles. Moreover, rights and freedoms should include those relating to personal... ... relations in the neo-Kantian philosophy], in: Pravo i gosudarstvo: teorija i praktika [Law and State: Theory and Practice]. No. 10. Pp. 112—121. 7. Frolova, Е. А. 2011...

... examples can be found in Kant’s later writings. Finally, the author considers a moderate interpretation that makes it possible to harmonise the publicity principles as (meta) principles of lawmaking and law enforcement with the core of Kant’s system of law and morals. This resolves the issue of direct efficiency of these principles, whereas the declaration of the formal character of the ‘doctrine of happiness’ dispels doubts over the implicitly a posterior and empirical nature of criteria introduced as formal and a priori ones....

... of Wilmans’ dissertation. Furthermore, the focus of my study is directed towards Kant’s essay On a Newly Arisen Superior Tone in Philosophy. I show that the central Kantian theorem of the fact of reason con­verges with his doctrine of respect to the moral law as intelligible feeling. This rapprochement allows the latter to play an argumentative role that, by serving as ratio cognoscendi of freedom, is also of epistemic value. Kant’s practical philosophy turns out to be based on a quasi-phenomenological ...

... but in the Jewish Platonist Philo of Alexandria. Kant reinterpreted this doctrine by taking the intelligible world as a moral world consisting of free rational agents who ought to transform the empirical world of human society and history according to the norms and standards of moral laws. This was meant to be a programme for a moral reform of the human world, both with regard to individual moral­ity and to the cosmopolitical task of the establishment of an international order of legal institutions. Kant’s practical Platonism insists ...

... concerning the universality of the key philosophical categories developed within this theory throughout its history. Elaborating the ideas set forth in the monograph, the author also stresses the relevance of the problem of justifying the thesis about the moral law as an analogue of the universal law of nature in the modern context. Apressyan, R. G., ed. 2020. Universal’nost’ v morali: kollektivnaya monografiya [Universality in Morality: A Collective Monograph]. Moscow: Sadra. (In Rus.) Callahan, D....

... Press, pp. 41-57. Rawls, J., 2000. Kant. In: J. Rawls, 2000. Lectures on the History of Philosophy. Edited by B. Hermann. Cambridge & London: Harvard University Press, pp. 143-325. Reath, A., 2006. Kant’s Theory of Moral Sensibility: Respect for the Moral Law and the Influence of Inclination. In: A. Reath, 2006. Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 8-33. Romano, C., 2004. Eleutheria. In: B. Cassin, eds. 2004. Dictionary of Untranslatables: ...

... allegedly unequal contract). The moral contradiction of mutual objectification and instrumentalisation of free persons in matrimony is on the surface of Kant’s deduction. The moral prohibition of instrumentalisation rules out family ethics and family law. However, the root of all evil is not solely this circumstance. A morally illegitimate union of concubinage is formed to attain the subjective ends of a hedonistic individual and it does not contradict the ends of the human race. Therefore, such a deduction (unlike that presented in the Metaphysics of Morals) has to ...

... formes de la sociabilité. Annales sociologiques. Série A. Sociologie générale, 3, pp. 1-48. Gurvitch, G., 1941. Mass, Community, Communion. The Journal of Philosophy, 38(18), pp. 485-496. https://doi.org/10.2307/2017118 . Gurvitch, G., 1943. Is Moral Philosophy a Normative Theory? The Journal of Philosophy, 40(6), pp. 141-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2017707 . Gurvitch, G., 1947. Sociology of Law. London: Kecun Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Gurvitch, G., 1959. Pour le centenaire de la naissance de Durkheim. Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie, 27, pp. 3-10. Lask, E., 1902. Fichtes Idealismus und die Geschichte. Tübingen: Mohr. Swedberg, R....

... Witness the multiple monographs, articles and reports focusing on Cohen’s theory of cognition, his ethics and aesthetics, the search for convergences between the Christian religion and the Judaic tradition, the concept of the philosophy of culture, the relationship between morality and law and many other issues. The review pays particular attention to the works on the reception of Cohen’s philosophy in Russia, as well as previously unpublished translations and archive materials which were part of the scholarly discourse of his time ...

... a transdisciplinary approach, i. e. extrapolating methodologies from across disciplines to the theory of law. We propose to extrapolate to jurisprudence the principles of uncertainty, which implies that a legal rule cannot deal with both elements of moral law and rules of conduct. I conclude that developing a single framework for the understanding of law by converging methodologies from across disciplines will help to identify new facets of law. 1. Алексеев И. С. Концепция дополнительности. М., 1978. 2. Гейзенберг В. Физика ...

... Significantly, such phenomena have not been prevented from evolving within the framework of constitutional liberal states. In search of an appropriate mode of challenging the current social pathologies, we should examine Kant’s claim that, alongside the “juridico-civil (political) state”, an “ethico-civil state”, uniting human beings “under laws of virtue alone”, needs to be established and cultivated. Kant’s claim is discussed in comparison with “postmetaphysical” conceptions of morality, as maintained by Rawls and Habermas. These prove deficient owing to their contract-based approach. Important in the examination of the key idea of the “state of virtue” is Kant’s thesis that such a state “cannot be realized (by human ...

A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification and the types of practical principles in his works. This has led Onora O’Neill and Lewis Beck to reinterpret Kant’s classification of practical principles in a way that would ...

... Political Philosophy // American Political Science Review. 1975. № 69. P. 648—662. 5. Krasnoff L. How Kantian is Constructivism? // Kant-Studien. 1999. № 90. P. 385—409. 6. Rawls J. The Idea of Public Reason Revisited // The University of Chicago Law Re¬view. 1997. № 3. P. 765—807. 7. Rawls J. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge, 2001. 8. Rawls J. Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory // The Journal of Philosophy. 1980. № 9. P. 515—572. 9. Rawls J. Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Cambridge, 2000. 10. Rawls J. Political Liberalism. New York, 1993. 11. Rawls J. Themes in Kant’s Moral Philosophy // Collected Papers....

... nineteenth-century Russia under the influence of Slavophilism. The Slavophiles with a deep sense of religiosity rooted in an understanding of the Church Fathers. They rejected the role of reason in evaluating moral choices, relying on faith to reveal objective moral laws and rules. Their form of Christian humanism lay in a commitment to justice and respect for all human beings. However, the arguably most historically significant Christian humanist in this era was Vladimir S. Solovyov, who went on to combine influ­ences from Slavophilism and the third type of humanism, Kantian humanism. This third type of humanism professedly relied ...

... Human beings are determined by laws of nature in all their perceivable alterations which include all their actions, but their noumenal selves, not being in time, are not determined by the necessity of causal laws of nature, but can be determined by the moral law of their pure practical reason which they give to themselves. The actions of the will, observable volitions and external actions, can therefore, at the same time, be under the necessitating law of nature, i.e. be unfree, and, as appearances of the ...

Kant’s turn to the subject has changed the epistemological conditions for theology. Four intellectual ... ... Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, 43, pp. 14-32. Auer, A., 1984. Autonome Moral und sittlicher Glaube. 2. Auflage. Düsseldorf: Patmos. Baur, F. C., 1827. Primae... ... Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, pp. 71-90. Gula, R., 1991. Natural Law Today. In: C. Curran and R. McCormick, eds. 1991. Natural Law and Theology. Mahwah...

... Sep., [online]. Available at: < ">https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2021-09-29/forced-vaccinations-china-ethics-covid> ; [Accessed on 19 October 2021]. Gostin, L., 2006. Public Health Strategies for Pandemic Influenza: Ethics and the Law. JAMA, 295(14), pp. 1700-1704. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.14.1700 Kant, I., 1996a. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 41-108. Kant, I., 1996b. The Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M....

Based on Fichte’s Foundations of Natural Right, recently published in Russian for the first time, this article investigates the logic and basic statements of Fichte’s theory on family law. The first part of the study is dedicated to Fichte’s ethical and metaphysical “deduction of marriage”, which views ... ... of love. According to Fichte, sexual appeal takes on the shape of a self-sacrificing impulse of love in the soul and in the moral character of a woman; yet, only a man is capable of becoming aware of everything that is morally present in himself and ...

... Values, 5(4), pp. 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/016224398000500403 . Frierson, P., 2003. Freedom and Anthropology in Kant’s Moral Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge. Garcia, E.V., 2006. Book review of “Essays on Kant’s Anthropology”. Journal of Moral Philosophy, 3(2), pp. 240-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/174046810600300209 . Gregor, M., 1963. Laws of Freedom. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Kant, I., 1992. The Jäsche Logic. In: I. Kant, 1992. Lectures on Logic. Translated by J.M. Young. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 521-640. Kant, I., 1996a. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Edited and translated ...

This paper deals with the “Table of the Categories of Freedom” in the second main chapter of Kant’s ... ... Finally, I show that the categories of freedom reach beyond Kant’s foundation of moral philosophy. They point to the later Metaphysics of Morals in that Kant associates... ... Kategorien der praktischen Vernunft. Kant-Studien, 96, pp. 41-65. Gregor, M. J., 1963. Laws of Freedom. A Study of Kant’s Method of Applying the Categorical Imperative in...

... that the value in question lies precisely in the ability to bridge the gap between intuition and concepts of pure reason. In this way, we can approach the incomprehensibilities and paradoxes faced by the human being who, while under the authority of the moral law, is nevertheless constituted “naturally”. This type of moral interpretation also positively influences the moral motivation of the interpreter. Caruth, C., 1988. The Force of Example: Kant’s Symbols. Yale French Studies, 74, S. 17-37. ...

... based upon the same principle as the one presented in the second Critique. More precisely, Puls claims that, like in the Critique of Practical Reason, the Groundwork operates with some kind of fact of reason-theory, which means that our consciousness of the moral law is the ratio cognoscendi of our freedom of will. Accordingly, there is no conclusion from a kind of non-moral consciousness of freedom to the freedom of will and from here to the objective value of the categorical imperative, as many interpreters ...

... Press. Maliks, R., 2014. Kant’s Politics in Context. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oz-Salzberger F., 1995. Translating the Enlightenment: Scottish Civic Discourse in Eighteenth-Century Germany. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Solovyov, E. Y., 2005. Kategoricheskiy imperativ nravstvennosti i prava [Kategorical Imperative of Morality and Law]. Moscow: Progress-Traditsiya. (In Rus.) Stolleis, M., 1972. Staatsräson, Recht und Moral im philosophischen Texten des späten ...

This article focuses on the analysis of the problem of evil in Kant’s works. The author attempts at reconstructing ... ... following structure: first, the author emphasis that, for Kant, evil is a practical moral phenomenon unlike, for example, metaphysically interpreted evil. It is shown that... ... provisions of such legislation is the possibility of transforming them into a universal law, is possible only under the condition that the notion of freedom as relating to...

... overcome subjectivism, but bring to the foundation of Kant’s ethic the double meaning and uncertainty. The author notes, that for all his respect to Kant’s ethic, Russian philosopher constructs ethic on his own principles. In the foundation of his moral philosophy Solovjev puts down the idea of Good, characterizing it as lawful, autonomous and all-united (vseedinoje). Solovjev proposes to regard the feelings of shame, pity and reverence as the primary data of human moral, disregarding the warnings of Kant about the unacceptability of natural foundations for our morals....

Based on Fichte’s Foundations of Natural Right recently published in Russian for the first time, this article investigates the logic and basic statements of Fichte’s theory on family law. The second part of the study considers Fichte's theory of marriage law as compared to Kant’s legal doctrine. Both the union ... ... Fichte’s theory, special attention is paid to the nature and legal effects of a legitimate divorce interpreted based on his moral anthropology of sexes as a moral fact and a legal status. A divorce, once accomplished in the moral substance, transforms ...