Search

... Versuch zur Erläuterung über I. Kants Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Volume 1. Leipzig: J. G. Beigang. Nenon, T., 1993. Freedom, Responsibility, Character: Some Reflections on Kant’s Notion of the Person. Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik, 1, pp. 159-168.... ... Rechtslehre“. Ein Beitrag zur Methodenlehre Kants. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter. Simon, J., 1990. Kategorien der Freiheit und der Natur. Zum Primat des Praktischen bei Kant. In: D. Koch and K. Bort, eds. 1990. Kategorien und Kategorialität. Historisch-systematische Untersuchungen zum Begriff der Kategorie im philosophischen ...

... ‘nature’. It is emphasised that Kant understands ‘human nature’ as mere “subjective grounds” of the exercise of freedom. Further, the author analyses the factors determining the actions of humans as moral beings. First, the article addresses the “predispositions to the good”, which describes a human being as a natural being, cultural being, and a personality. In this connection, different types of reason identified by Kant are stressed and the features of “pure practical ...

... innovations in respect of the fundamental project presented in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. He emphasises that freedom is not justified and postulates a transcendental structure similar to the unity of transcendental apperception in order to unify all volitions ... .... Hobbes, T., 1994. Leviathan. Ed. by E. Curley. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company.12. Hume, D., 2000. A Treatise of Human Nature. New York: Oxford University Press.13. Kierkegaard, S., 1980. The Concept of Anxiety. Translated from Danish by R. Thomte ...

The paper explores the perspectives of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Karl Marx regarding hu­man freedom, highlighting their relevance amidst the contradictory landscape of social devel­opment in late capitalism. It is well-established ... ..., pp. 119—141, https://doi.org/10.15393/j10.art . 2020.4582 (in Russ.). Kondrashov, P. N., 2020. Karl Marx on the Generic Nature of Man. Antinomii [Antinomies], 20 (3), pp. 22—48, https://doi.org/10.24411/2686-7206-2020-10302 (in Russ.). Lesevitsky,...

... extension of the idea of law. From the viewpoint of the sociology of law, law is formed in the process of social interactions and is not sanctioned by the state. Sergey Hessen and Georges Gurvitch base their conceptions of social law on the sociology of ... ... they concur in defining society as a set of social institutions and communities existing as instruments for expressing personal freedom. The social regulations they propose are already legal situations. Hessen and Gurvitch believe that the individual can ...

... Interest, Recognition, Judgment and Choice. The Review of Metaphysics, 52(2), pp. 267-294. Zammito, J. H., 1992. The Genesis of Kant’s Critique of Judgment. London & Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Kant, Spinoza, autonomy, heteronomy, ethics, nature and freedom, good and evil. W. Kozyra 35-66 10.5922/0207-6918-2018-4-2

This article considers the reception of the liberal concept of freedom in Russian conservatism as exemplified by K. N. Leontyev and L. A. Tikhomirov. Reasoning in the framework of Russian philosophical organicism, each philosopher insists on his own approach to analysing social phenomena. It is shown that Leontyev, in line with naturalistic aestheticism, sharply criticises the ...

... have not exhausted their heuris­tic potential to this day. First, I show the significance of the correlation between moral law and freedom. Since a rational being believes that his/her will is independent of external influences, the will turns out to be governed ... ... in German and Russian Languages]. Volume 3. Moscow: Moskovskii filosofskii fond, pp. 41-275. (In Rus.) Moor, J. H., 2006. The Nature, Importance, and Difficulty of Machine Ethics. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21(4), pp. 18-21. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS....

... personality proposed by the prominent exponent of Russian neo-Kantianism Sergey Hessen and its philosophical and legal content. The frame of reference used to achieve this... ... culture existed in a dialectical relationship. Hessen emphasised the primacy of personal freedom and the need to distinguish between freedom and power of choice. Acts of choice... ... that involves the general population. Hessen counterposed law against the notions of nature and morality and interpreted law as an insufficient but necessary prerequisite...

... dialogue, as well as prospects for the introduction of a visa-free regime between the EU and Russia. The authors provide a historical overview of cooperation in this area and... ... blocks of the “Common Steps”, the authors draw conclusions about the political nature of major obstacles to a visa-free regime. This article is based on the proceedings... ... [The problem of confidence in Russia and the EU in the framework of a common space of freedom, security and justice]. In: Potyomkina, О. Yu., Kaveshnikov, N. Yu., Kondrateva...

This article analyses Berlin’s negative and positive interpretations of freedom and idea of value pluralism. It is concluded that pluralism of values and liberals’ negative freedom results in the ... ... Democratic Agency. N. Y., 2004. 7. Habermas J. Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. Cambridge, 1991. 8. Hurley S. Natural Reasons: Personality and Polity. Oxford, 1989. 9. Pettit P. The Common Mind: An Essay on Psychology, Society and Politics....

... Rosenzweig’s interpretation of Kant’s concept of freedom as a hermeneutical cipher to expose some of his considerations on human nature. Rosenzweig acknowledges Kant’s achievement in attributing a human act to the major fundament, which will save a human from the universal claims of philosophy.The intelligible character of human causation and freedom as a miracle of phenomenal world (as they are called in Rosenzweig’s reception of Kant) make it possible to guarantee ...

... sowie in der „Metaphysik der Sitten“ von 1797, Göttingen. 19. Kuehn, M. 2010, Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals: its history and significance of its deferral, Kant’s “Metaphysics of Morals”. A Critical Guide, ed. by L. Denis, New York, p. 9—27. 20. Wildberger, H. 1972, Jesaja, Biblischer Kommentar. Altes Testament. Bd. X. Tl. 1. Neukirchen-Vluyn. natural law, moral, ethic, categorical imperative, moral law, freedom, object, will, motive Kryshtop L. 68-74 10.5922/0207-6918-2016-3-6

... categorical imperative (“the principle of humanity as an end in itself”) for the justification of his libertarian “minimal state”. This article analyses and criticizes this attempt on the following grounds: a) the anthropological models of Kant's and Nozik's theories are incommensurable; b) different notions of human nature result in different understandings of freedom — for Nozik it is the basic property of human nature, for Kant it is the result of entering the civil condition; c) the incommensurability of anthropological presuppositions and basic notions distorts the meaning of Kantian formula of categorical ...

... only at the end of the 17th century, a major dispute about it was triggered by Christian Wolff who had considerable influence on the German philosophy of Enlightenment. In German Metaphysic, he presented the “strong” definition of the principle and its proof. As a result, freedom was restricted, because the principle of sufficient reason implies the unlimited necessity of all things and excludes the possibility of any happenstance, at least in the real world. It had an adverse effect on philosophy in general and ethics ...

... fulfilling the demands of the moral law), be free. Two professors of Jena University, Ulrich and Schmid, accept part of Kant’s transcendental idealism but contend that the many... ... reason in the agent’s intelligible character or in the intelligible substrate of nature. This theory is called “intelligible fatalism”. Creuzer, L., 1793.... ... Zweiter Band. Stuttgart, Berlin & Leipzig: Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft. Kant, freedom, will, intelligible world, sensible world, necessity, noumena, phaenomena, moral...

... into question (3); the combination in Radical Orthodoxy of a postmodern critique of the subject, an Augustinian view of human nature, and a monistic understanding of the Trinity (4). Their different diagnoses why Kant’s work constitutes a cul-de-sac are contrasted ... ... welcome it as a watershed: its move from ontology to human subjectivity; from a biologically transmitted inescapable sin to a freedom for good and evil; from a strict reciprocity to an unlimited scope of ethics that is faced with the question of meaning; ...

The lectures on natural law delivered by Kant in the winter semester of 1784/85 have recently attracted ... ... are of equal importance to understanding certain problems of Kant’s ethical concept and interpretation of the connection between ethics and law. An important role is played... ... Bordoni. Milano, p. 9—50. natural law, moral, ethic, morality, law, imperative, freedom, equity (Billigkeit), justice, disposition (Gesinnung) Kryshtop L. 63-72...

... available sources, Kant developed some ideas about the difference between being persuaded and being convinced which have antecedents in the German tradition, but with regard... ... In the conclusions, the link between this issue and Kantian arguments in defending freedom of thought and expression is also suggested. In order to do so, I first explain... ... in Kants Theorie des Gewissens. In: V. Waibel, M. Ruffing and D. Wagner, eds. 2018. Natur und Freiheit: Akten des XII. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses. Berlin & Boston:...

..., will, and action as the crucial point for understanding the relationship between theoretical and practical reason in Kant’s and Husserl’s practical philosophy. Relying on the explanation of the relationship between transcendental and practical freedom given in Kant's practical philosophy, the author problematizes Kant’s thesis about the primacy of practical reason. This is the starting point and leitmotif in analysing the nature of revision of Kant’s ideas, premises, and problems in the first draft of Husserl’s practical philosophy (scientific ethics). Comparative analysis reveals terminological and conceptual similarities and differences between Kant’s and Husserl’s ...

... them, necessity is related not only to logic but rather to the disciplines of general and special metaphysics. It is explained by that the principle of sufficient reason... ... types, for example, conditional and unconditional,absolute and hypothetical, moral, natural and others. The article considers the concept of necessity in the major philosophical... ... authors, as well as their attempts at harmonizing the principle of sufficient reason with freedom. It is demonstrated that, in the 18th century, necessity was understood very...

The article focuses on different approaches to the definition of the legal state nature that has existed over time. The research is aimed at identifying the modern frames ... ... legal state that functions as a necessary counterbalance to the state monopoly on power and governance. The cope of research methodology is very wide, including the dialectic... ... compliance with the law, as well as on the government’s ensuing the individual rights and freedoms. 1. Алексеев Р. А. Эволюция концепции правового...

... several good worlds. God’s choice of the actual world owes therefore to the freedom of contradiction (libertas contradictionis) and to the freedom of contrariety (libertas contrarietatis), which are eliminated in the teaching of optimism. Anonym. 1753, Leipzig,... ... zufälligen entgegen gesetzet werden, Leipzig. Crusius, Chr. A. 1767, Anweisung vernünftig zu leben, Darinnen nach Erklärung der Natur des menschlichen Willens die natürlichen Pflichten und allgemeinen Klugheitslehren im richtigen Zusammenhange vorgetragen ...

.... Kuehn M. Kant. A Biography. Cambridge University Press, 2001. 8. Menzer P. Kraus’ Recension von Ulrich’s Eleutheriologie // Kant’s gesammelte Schriften. Berlin ; Leipzig, 1923. Bd eleutheriology, J. A. H. Ulrich, C hr. J. Kraus, antinomy of freedom and determination by natural laws, primacy of pure reason Kalinnkiov L. 86-93 10.5922/0207-6918-2015-1-8 [html]1. Kalinnikov, L. A. 1978, Problemy filosofii istorii v sisteme Kanta [Problems of the ph-losophy of history in Kant's system], Leningrad.2. Kant, I. 1963, ...

In the Club of Rome report Come on! Capitalism, Short-Termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet (2018) Kant, along with other “old” Enlighteners,... ... Enlightenment” with its individualism, faith in the market and a consumerist attitude to nature should be scrapped. I maintain that this assessment of Kant’s philosophy is... ... Sakharov, A. D., 1968. Thoughts on Progress, Peaceful Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom. The New York Times, July 22, p. 14. Schönfeld, M., 2008. Green Kant: Environmental...

... of justifying the thesis about the moral law as an analogue of the universal law of nature in the modern context. Apressyan, R. G., ed. 2020. Universal’nost’... ... A Collective Monograph]. Moscow: Sadra. (In Rus.) Callahan, D., 2000. Universalism and Particularism: Fighting to a Draw. Hastings Center Report, 30(1), pp. 37-44. Dévédec... ... Erläuterungen zur Diskursethik. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, pp. 9-30. Hare, R. M., 1963. Freedom and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hare, R. M., 1981. Moral Thinking. Its...

... unique in the views and beliefs of A. I. Herzen (1812—1870) and Christian — both Russian and Western — conservatives. The author emphasizes that the attraction and repulsion between the freedom-loving supporter of revolutionary changes, Herzen, and sincere advocates of spiritual freedom — free conservatives — were only natural. 1. Володин А. И. Герцен и Запад // Литературное наследство: Герцен и Запад. М., 1985. 2. Герцен А. И. Былое и думы. Минск, 1971. 3. Герцен А. И. Собр....

... is philosophy?”); (2) a methodological project (“How do we do philosophy?”); and (3) a taxonomic project (“What are the different parts of philosophy, and how... ... ‘rational psychology’ vs. ‘empirical psychology’; (iii) ‘pure metaphysics of nature’ vs. ‘physics’ and (iv) ‘pure morality’ or a ‘metaphysics of morals’... ... 5(4), pp. 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/016224398000500403 . Frierson, P., 2003. Freedom and Anthropology in Kant’s Moral Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge. Garcia...

... Organic Whole. Translated by N.A. Duddington. Oxford: Humphrey Milford. Navickas, J. L., 1978. N. Lossky’s Moral Philosophy and M. Scheler’s Phenomenology. Studies in Soviet Thought, 18(2), pp. 121-130. Oizerman, T. I., 1994. Kant’s Doctrine of Initial Evil in Human Nature. Kantian Journal, 18, pp. 11-20. (In Rus.). Popova, V. S., 2015. Kant in the Development of N. O. Lossky’s Philosophical ... ... Philosophy. Moscow: Akademicheskiy Proekt, Raritet, pp. 599-642. (In Rus.). Lossky, Kant, categorical imperative, ethics, freedom, love, practical philosophy Bonadyseva P.R. 60-75 10.5922/0207-6918-2022-4-3

Sergey Hessen builds his philosophy of culture on Heinrich Rickert’s theory of values. Like Rickert, he believes that the individual plays a key role in the formation of culture. The individual exercises freedom only in creative activity and the degree to which he fulfils his creative potential depends not only on the cultural context in which it happens, but also on the regulation of the opportunities for self-actualisation in any given society. Accordingly, Hessen defines society as ...

... He claimed a latent similarity between Kant’s enlightened philosophy of religion and the pure mysticism of some so-called separatists — and sent his work to Kant.... ... allows the latter to play an argumentative role that, by serving as ratio cognoscendi of freedom, is also of epistemic value. Kant’s practical philosophy turns out to be based... ... Kohlhammer. Stamer, G., 2001. Kant. Der intelligible Charakter und die übersinnliche Natur. In: G. Stamer, hg. 2001. Die Realität des Inneren. Der Einfluß der deutschen...

... principles categorically, has influenced the contemporary theory of justice. Many academics believe such principles to be relative and emphasise that justice lies beyond the remit of science. Otfried Höffe is convinced that categorical legal principles remain ... ... the dependence of the fundamental principles of justice on the Zeitgeist and the opinions of the masses. The interviewee calls freedom the supreme human value, advocates the idea of a democratic constitutional state (he considers the principles of a social ...

... ontological basket with things in themselves at “the top,” to another level of the pyramid of ontologies, by changing dualism to pluralism because dualism is too narrow to accommodate all the autonomous components of critical philosophy. Thus spirit and freedom find a new place separate from the sphere of physical nature; the category of adaptation explains how different ontologies can coexist; while the problem of two interpretations of transcendental idealism (two-world vs. two-aspect interpretation) finds a solution through their reconciliation. Allison,...

... 108—127 (in Russ.). Tul'chinskii, G. L., 1987. Normativno-tsennostnaya priroda osmysleniya deistvitel'nosti [The normative value nature of the understanding of reality]. Leningrad (in Russ.). Tul'chinskii, G. L., 1986. Problema osmysleniya deistvitel'nosti [Problem understanding of reality]. Leningrad (in Russ.). Tul'chinskii, G. L., 2001. Freedom and meaning. A new shift in the humanitarian paradigm. In: Rossiiskie issledovaniya v gumanitarnykh naukakh [Russian studies in ...

According to Kant, “right in a state of nature is called private right” (MS, AA VI, S. 242). It is my claim that there is ... ... benefits in the private right. Firstly, I will show how the concept of an innate right to freedom provides no conceptual foundation for a right to enforcement of alleged duties... ... will be helpful here. Secondly, I will argue that the concepts of original acquisition and voluntary transfers are also at odds with the idea of a redistributive justice....

... introduced by medieval philosophers. The author presents the historical background of the development of the notion of absolute and ordered power of God in medieval natural theology. 1.  Ансельм Кентерберийский. Сочинения. М., 1995. 2.  Коплстон ... ... Undo the Past // Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale. 1972. Vol. 40. 8.  Courtenay W.   J. Necessity and freedom in Anselm’s concept of God // Cove­nant and Causality in Medieval Thought. London, 1984. 9.  Courtenay W.   ...

... recent critics. According to Stolzenberg, the principle of modern subjectivity proves to be fruitful in understanding the development of the history of modern music, too. Bomski, F. und Stolzenberg, J. hg., 2018. Genealogien des Geistes und der Natur. Diskurse, Kontexte und Transformationen um 1800. Göttingen: Wallstein. Dmitrieva, N. А., 2006. Kant’s Philosophy as Philosophy of Freedom: Other Globalisation. Voprosy Filosofii, 8, pp. 169-180. (In Rus.) Dmitrieva, N. А., 2009. German and Russian Neo-Kantianism in the Past, Present, and Future. Voprosy Filosofii, 3, pp. 165-175. (In Rus.) Fichte, J. G., 1971. Eigne Meditationen über ElementarPhilosophie, in: Gesamtausgabe der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band II, 3. Stuttgart-Bad ...

The images of nature in the poems of the two national geniuses are considered within the opposition of the horizontal/vertical, which is laden with philosophical and metaphorical semantics. Both poets show that, in the absence of spirituality, the true internal freedom sought by the main characters cannot be attained 1. Азадовский К. М. Пейзаж в творчестве К. Д. Фридриха // Проблемы романтизма. М., 1971. Вып. 2. 2. Байрон Дж. Г. Корсар ...

... experienced a departure from a recent flowering of Kantian ideas in Neo­Kantianism and the collapse of traditional liberalism in the wake of the First World War. The fact... ... D. E. Zhukovsky. (In Rus.) Rickert, H., 1911. Nauki o prirode i nauki o kul’ture [Natural Sciences and Cultural Sciences]. Translated by S. I. Hessen. St. Petersburg:... ... Hessen. Novy zhurnal [New Journal] (New York), 25, pp. 215-218. Vishnyak, M. V., 1950. Freedom and Socialism. Novy zhurnal [New Journal] (New York), 23, pp. 160-178. (In Rus...

... Positions derived from the third formulation, John Rawls’s Kantian Constructivism and T. M. Scanlon’s Contractualism, cleave closely to Kant in idealising the process... ... Democracy: Autonomy and Control. New Haven: Yale University Press. Dewey, J., 1988. Human Nature and Conduct. In: J. Dewey, 1988. The Middle Works, Volume 14. Carbondale, Ill... ... World: Rethinking Education. New York: Oxford University Press. Kleingeld, P., 2015. Freedom of the Will as Moral Self-Legislation. Lecture delivered at the 12th International...

... this figure functions in two essential ways: as a representation of a maximum of morality that can ground our moral disposition and in so doing acts as a stan­dard for morality. More precisely, the following argument is made: 1) the sublime nature of the image of Christ — as an image of universal respect for the law — awakens the moral feeling of subjects in the ... ... Always, and for Anyone, to Believe Anything upon Insufficient Evidence. In: J. Jordan and D. L. Howard-Snyder, eds. 1996. Faith, Freedom and Rationality. Lanham and London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 137-153. Ward, K., 1972. The Development of Kant’s View ...