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... Review, no. 3, p. 765—807.7. Rawls, J. 2001, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, Cambridge.8. Rawls, J. 1980, Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory, In: The Journal of Philo¬so¬phy, no. 9, p. 515—572.9. Rawls, J. 2000, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Cambridge.10. Rawls, J. 1993, Political Liberalism, New York.11. Rawls, J. 1989, Themes in Kant’s Moral Philosophy, In: Collected Papers, p. 140—159.12. Rawls, J. 1999, A Theory of Justice: Revised Edition, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.13. Sandel, M. 1998, Liberalism and ...

... pp. 107-131. Reardon, B. M. G., 1988. Kant as Philosophical Theologian. New York: Palgrave. Ryan, S., 2015. In Defense of Moral Evidentialism. Logos and Episteme, 6(4), pp. 405-427. Sirovátka, J., 2018. Religion als “notwendige Ergänzung” der Moral bei Immanuel Kant. Theologie und Philosophie, 93(3), pp. 366-375. Taylor, R. S., 2010. Kant’s Political Religion: The Transparency of Perpetual Peace and the Highest Good. Review of Politics, 72(1), pp. 1-24. Van Fraasen, B., 1984. Belief and the Will. Journal of Philosophy, 81(5), pp. 235-256. Van Inwagen, P., 1996. It is Wrong, Everywhere, Always,...

... Boundaries of Mere Reason to demonstrate the existence of evil disposition (Gesinnung). The author be¬lieves that, in this work, Kant introduces two innovations in respect of the fundamental project presented in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. He emphasises that freedom is not justified and postulates a transcendental structure similar to the unity of transcendental apperception in order to unify all volitions of an agent and make the initial application of freedom possible. The first ...

... Moscow.13. Novgorodcev P. I. 1902, Nravstvennyj idealizm v filosofii prava. (K voprosu o voz-rozhdenii estestvennogo prava) [Moral idealism in philosophy of law. (On the question of the revival of natural law)] // Problemy idealizma, Moscow.14. Novgorodcev ... ... sushhestvovanie [The right to ex-ist], Moscow.19. Petrazhickij L. I. 2010. Teorija i politika prava. Izbrannye trudy [Theory and Politics of law. Selected Works] / nauch. red. E. V. Timoshina, St. Peterburg.20. Petrazhickij L. I. 1913, O social'nom ideale ...

... political elites in post-communist countries: a change of elites and the related challenges], Demokratija. Vlast'. Elity: demokratija vs elitokratija [Democracy. Power. Elites: Democracy vs elitokratiya],Moscow. Smirnov Vadim Lithuania,transformation,political elite,"moral politicians" 15-25 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-4-2

... political elite is characterised by unstable dynamics relating to the crisis events of the past. However, it is established that the elites have a pronounced diaspora core and an unstable periphery; the share of businesspeople directly participating in political processes is decreasing, whereas ‘moral politicians’ usually take an active part in the formation of political elites. 1. Fodor, E., Wnuk-Lipinski, E. Yershova, N. 1995, The New Political and Cultural Elite, Theory and Society, Vol. 24, no. 5 : Special Issue on Circulation vs Reproduction ...

... 20(1), pp. 12-34. Mitchell, N., Howard, R. E. and Donnelly, J., 1987. Liberalism, Human Rights, and Human Dignity. American Political Science Review, 81(3), pp. 920-927. Nussbaum, M., 1997. Capabilities and Human Rights. Fordham Law Review, 66(2), pp.... ... Ground a System of Rights? European Journal of Philosophy, 20(3), pp. 460-469. Sangiovanni, A., 2017. Humanity Without Dignity: Moral Equality, Respect, and Human Rights. Cambridge & MA: Harvard University Press. Schmidt, E. E., Schönecker, D., 2017. Kant’s ...

... the German Enlightenment. Enlightenment and Dissent, 19, pp. 171-192. Zande, J. van der, 1995. In the Image of Cicero: German Philosophy between Wolff and Kant. Journal of the History of Ideas, 56(3), pp. 419-442. Garve, Kant, popular philosophy, moral politics, Wolffianism, British Empiricism, Scottish Enlightenment, conservatism, eudemonism, utilitarianism Andrey S. Zilber 58-76 10.5922/0207-6918-2020-1-3

... Sensibility: Respect for the Moral Law and the Influence of Inclination. In: A. Reath, 2006. Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 8-33. Romano, C., 2004. Eleutheria. In: B. Cassin, eds.... ... Theological-Political Treatise. Translated by J. Israel, M. Silverthorne. New York: Cambridge University Press. Spinoza, B., 2007b. A Political Treatise. In: B. Spinoza, 2007. A Theologico-Political Treatise, and A Political Treatise. Translated by B. R. H. Elwes....

... 1977. Bd 31, H. 3. S. 354—384. 7. Paton H. J. The categorical imperative: a study in Kant’s moral philosophy. London, 1947. 8. Rawls J. A theory of justice. Revised edition. Harvard University Press, 1999. 9. Rawls J. Lectures on the history of moral philosophy. Harvard University Press, 2000. 10. Rawls J. Political Liberalism. Columbia University Press, 1993. 11. Rawls J. Themes in Kant’s Moral Philosophy / Kant’s Transcendentаl Deductions. Stanford University Press, 1989. categorical imperative, theory of justice as fairness, rationality, reasonableness,...

The ethics of Kant and the ethics of Crusius are strikingly similar. This is manifested in a whole range of principles and concepts. Crusius’ moral teaching hinges on the rigorous moral law which has to be obeyed absolutely, and which makes it different from other prescriptions that are binding only to a relative degree. This is very close to the Kantian distinction between hypothetical and ...

... translated by M. J. Gregor. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 139-271. Kant, I., 1996b. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. In: I. Kant, 1996. Practical Philosophy. Edited and translated by M. J. Gregor. New York: Cambridge University Press, ... ... from Radishchev to the Decembrists], Volume 2. Moscow: Mysl’, pp. 204-351. (In Russ.) Marx, K., 1976. Capital. A Critique of Political Economy, Volume 1. Translated by B. Fowkes. London: Penguin Books. Mezhuev, V. M., 1977. Kul’tura i istoriya [Culture ...

... Cosmopolitanism, in: Kantian Review 19/2, pp. 233—249. 4. Byrd, S., Hruschka, J. 2010, Kant’s Doctrine of Right. A Commentary, Cambridge. 5. Flikschuh, K. 2007, Duty, Nature, Right: Kant’s Response to Mendelssohn in Theory and Practice III, in: Journal of Moral Philosophy 4/2, pp. 223—241. 6. Flikschuh, K. 2010, Kant’s Sovereignty Dilemma, in: The Journal of Political Philosophy 18/4, pp. 469—493. 7. Flikschuh, K. 2011, On the Cogency of Human Rights, in: Jurisprudence 2011, 2/1, pp. 17—36. 8. Hirsch, J.-A. 2012, Legalization of International Politics: On the (Im)Possibility of a Constitutionalization ...

... political revolutions can liberate the society from such oppression. The paper explains Kant’s positive attitude to the French revolution as a ‘historical sign’ of the possibility of moral and legal improvement of humanity through striving for moral goals. Political revolutions are considered as the initial (‘negative’) stage of enlightenment consisting in the liberation from coercion and ‘assistance’ from guardians. This s 1. Aldanov, M. A. 2002, Devyatoe termidora [The Ninth Thermidor]. In: ...

... Yearbook 2002, p. 23—45. 11. Smelser, N. J. 2001, Psychological trauma and cultural trauma. In: Jeffrey, C. A., Smelser, N. J. Cultural trauma, California, California University Press. 12. Smith, R. M. 2003, Stories of peoplehood: The politics and morals of political membership, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 13. Unikaite, I. 2007, Rinkimų kampanijos sąsajos su rinkimų rezultatais: LR Seimo rinkimų (1996—2004 m.) atvejis [Election Campaigns links with election results: the case of Lithuanian ...

... Condorcet, N. de. 2004, Tableau historique des progrès de l'esprit humain. Projets, Esquisse, Fragments et Notes, Paris, l’INED. 10. D’Alambert, 2000, Discours préliminaire de l’Encyclopédie, Paris, Vrin. 11. Hume, D. 1985, Essays Moral, Political and Literary, Indianapolis, Liberty Fund. 12. Kant, I. 1994, Metafizicheskie nachala estestvoznania [Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science] // Kant, I. Sochinenia [Works] in 8 vol. М. Vol. 4. P. 247—372. 13. Kant, I. 1994, Metafizika ...

... aim is to examine Alois Riehl’s contribution to the “culture war” (Kulturkampf) in the second half of the nineteenth century. We show that he used Kant’s autonomy principle to argue against the idea that religious dogmatism is a fundament of morality. We prove this thesis by focusing on the forgotten historical background, which is important for an understanding of Morals und Dogma. Originally this essay was an expert opinion for the court case of the socialist H. Tauschinski who was accused ...

... Über Theorie und Praxis. Hrsg. D. Henrich. FaM. 40. Stangneth, B. 2005, Die Religion als Übergang zur Weltpolitik, in: Kants „Ethisches Gemeinwesen“. Hrsg. M. Städtler. Berlin. 41. Williams, H. 1983, Kant’s Political Philosophy. Oxford. moral anthropology, political anthropology, cognitive approach, model of argumentation addressee, abderitism, Realpoitik, Machiavellism, mechanicism, organicism Zilber A. 28-47 10.5922/0207-6918-2016-3-3

... Schneider P. Frieden durch Recht. Von der Einhegung des Krieges zur gewaltfreien Konfliktbeilegung // Frieden durch Recht / Hrsgs. P. Schneider [et al.]. Baden- Baden, 2003. S. 27—55. 28. Tèson F. Humanitarian Intervention. An Inquiry into Law and Morality. N. Y., 1988. 29. Wheeler N. Saving Strangers. Humanitarian Intervention and International Society. Oxford, 2000. right to peace, civil war, humanitarian intervention, UN, sovereignty, responsibility to protect Brock L. (translated from ...

... (Kant and Rawls) proves to be insufficient. However, it provides the means to solve the problems and to avoid the extremes of cultural cosmopolitism, such as the European “negative identity”, juridification, and new modern forms of identity-centred political moralism akin to the “hyperdemocracy of the masses”. 1. Бек У. Власть и ее оппоненты в эпоху глобализма. М., 2007. 2. Кант И. Идея всеобщей истории во всемирно-гражданском ...

... contrast, the concept of obligation in Christian Wolff's Philosophia practica universalis has no need to found the validity of obligation of natural law in God's will. Instead he developed a concept which was based on the idea of a free self-binding moral subject. Therefore, Wolff's Philosophy has a great impact on Kant's own moral philosophy and especially on his concept of obligation. I will conclude by showing to what extent Kant was going beyond the early modern concept of the natural law tradition....

... the works of the most prominent British political intellectuals, the author examines the correlation of theory and practice in Victorian politics. The analysis shows the suspicious attitude of British politicians toward ideologies. The core role of morality and religion in Victorian politics is highlighted. The author reconstructs the concept of conservative progress, which was used to solve tactical party objectives on the basis of three most significant sources of Edward Derby’s political ideas. The link between Derby’s ...

... Political Essays. Cambridge University Press, 1994. URL: http://www.constitution.org/dh/origcont.htm 17.  Leeson P.   T. The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates. Princeton University Press, 2009. 18.  MacIntyre A. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. University of Notre Dame Press, 2007. 19.  Rawls J. A Theory of Justice. Rev . ed. Harvard University Press, 1999. 20.  Rawls J. Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press, 2007. 21.  Schmitt C. The Concept of the Political. Expanded Edition. Chicago, 2007. 22.  Schmitt C. Political Theology. Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty. MIT Press, 1985. 23.  Ware K. The ...

... project, dilemma of citizen, antinomy of political reason, “civil conscience” concept, concept of “dignity” as a rule of political reason, dialectic of the Enlightenment, immunity of the Enlightenment. Soboleva M. 40-50 10.5922/0207-6918-2014-3-3 ... ... pp. 29—37.3. Sovovjev, Ju. E. 1992, I. Каnt: vzaimodopolnitel’nost‘ morali i prava [I. Kant: The Complementarity of Moral and Right], Moscow.4. Arendt, H. 2013, Eichmann in Jerusalem, Ein Bericht über die Banalität des Bösen, München.5. Lang,...

... sections of Kant’s theory of acquisition of external things in the private right. Finally, I will sketch an objection against political uses of a principle of historical rectification of acquisitions. The principle of rectification is the third and last ... ... Hardy, Oxford, pp. 166—217. 2. Byrd, B. S. 2010, Intelligible Possession of Objects of Choice, in: Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals: A Critical Guide, ed. by L. Denis, Cambridge, pp. 93—110. 3. Höffe, O. 2010, Kant’s Innate Right as a Rational Criterion ...

... über Ethik. Berlin. 36. Riley, P. 1992, Hannah Arendt on Kant, Truth and Politics, in: Essays on Kant’s Political Philosophy. Ed. by H. Williams. Cardiff. 37. Sassenbach, U. 1992, Der Begriff des Politischen bei Immanuel Kant. Würzburg. public law, politics, publicity, morals, justice of maxims, transcendental and empirical, a priori principles, bliss and happiness, form and substance of law, law enforcement Zilber A. 34-51 10.5922/0207-6918-2016-1-3

... творчество. Письма, высказывания, документы / со­ст., автор предисл., послесл. и вступ. текстов к разделам Клаус Гюнцель; пер. с нем. Т. Клюевой. М., 1987. moral politics, political moralism, demagogy, quality of population, categorical imperative of law, despotism, paternal government (imperium paternale), patriotic government (imperium patrioticum) Kalinnikov L. A. 37-51 10.5922/0207-6918-2011-4-4

... творчество. Письма, высказывания, документы / сост., автор предисл., послесл. и вступ. текстов к разделам Клаус Гюнцель; пер. с нем. Т. Клюевой. М., 1987. moral politics, political moralism, demagogy, quality of population, categorical imperative of law, despotism, paternal government (imperium paternale), patriotic government (imperium patrioticum) Kalinnikov L. A. 33-43 10.5922/0207-6918-2011-3-3

... implementing natural law.Unstinting support for the French revolution, despite acknowledging the illegitimate nature of social and political revolutions per se, made Kant revise the ideals of enlightenment, which he pursued earlier. It affected even the philosopher’s ... ... Erläuterungen und Vergleichungen aus der Geschichte der Philosophie begleitet und alphabetisch geordnet. Jena, 1802. Bd. 5. 55. Moral Mrongovius // Kant’s Gesammelte Schriften / hrsg. von der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin,...

... Translation. Edited and translated by K. Tribe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Windelband, W., 1907. Vom Prinzip der Moral. In: W. Windelband, 1907. Präludien. Aufsätze und Reden zur Einleitung in die Philosophie. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, pp.... ... Movement. Sovremennye zapiski / Annales contemporaines, 25, pp. 361-380 (In Rus.) Zagirnyak, M. Yu., 2017. Hegel’s Dialectic in Political Philosophy of Sergius Hessen. Tomsk State University Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science, 37, pp....

... and Larsen, S. E., 2002. Signs In Use. An Introduction to Semiotics. Lon­don & New York: Routledge. Kolwalski, D. A., 2012. Moral theory at the movies: An introduction to ethics. Lan­ham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Koskinen, K., 2000. Beyond ambivalence: ... ... Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context. Berkeley: University of California Press. Ojakangas, M., 2013. The voice of conscience: A political genealogy of Western ethical ex­perience. New York: Bloomsbury. Ross, L., 1996. Medieval art: A topical dictionary....

... priority should be given to those freedoms that contribute to the development of the feeling of justice and the realisation of the moral ideal. It is concluded that Rawls demonstrated convincingly the relative value of democratic institutions. 1. Alekseeva,... ... [Justice as contract (critical analysis of the John Rawls’ theory of justice)], in: Problemy politicheskoi filosofii [Issues of political philosophy]. Moscow. S. 69—85. 2. Kuzmina, A. B. 1998, Ideya spravedlivosti v liberal’noi tradicii [Idea of justice ...

... not a creator of these values per se. Value became the basis of Alexeev’s philosophy of law. Furthermore he elaborated axiological model of law onto religious foundation. Religion — is a tool for initiating condition of values and there setting in political domain. Paper argued how religion conducts genesis of law. In that sense religion evaluated like a link between morality and law. Essential item of philosophy of law of Nikolay Alexeev — is a superiority of Christianity in the midst of couple of religions in solution of problem in development of law. Author shows the historical role of Christianity in revealing ...

... the existent of God and their limitations etc. The first part is called “Transcendental theology”. It is of limited research interest, since it largely follows contemporary textbooks (first of all, Baumgarten’s Metaphysics). The second part “Moral Theology” is of considerable research interest, since it departs from the textbook material and presents Kant’s own ideas on the subject. This manuscript is dated winter semester 1783/84, i. e. the period between the first edition of the Critique ...

Robert Nozik's political theory contains an attempt to utilize Kant's notion of individual freedom and the second formula of his categorical ... ... Categorical Imperative // The Philosophical Review.1995. Vol. 104, № 3. P. 353—385. 6. Kant I. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals // The Cambridge Edition of Works of Immanuel Kant. Practical Philosophy. Cambridge, 1999. P. 37—109. 7. Kant I. The ...

... Essays / ed. by M. Timmons. Oxford, 2002. P. 233—254. 11. Höffe O. Categorical Principles of Law // transl. by M. Migotti. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002. 12. Korsgaard C. M. Introduction to Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals / transl. by M. Gregor. Cambridge, 1998. 13. Ripstein A. Force And Freedom: Kant’s Legal And Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press, 2009. 14. Aron Byrd Sh. B. Kant’s Theory of Punishment: Deterrence in Its Threat, Retribution in Its Execution // Law and Philosophy. 1989. № 8. Р. 151—200. ethics, morality, punishment, retributivism,...

... philosophical foundations to “ratonal egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions and opening ... ... 24—32. 6. Oliveira N. de. Rawls' Normative Conception of the Person // Veritas. 2007. № 52 (1).P. 171—183. 7. Lewellen T. Political Anthropology: An Introduction. Praeger, 2003. 8. Easton D. Political Anthropology // Biennial Review of Anthropology....

... of Political Economy. 1974. 82(6). Р. 1063—1093. 4. Buchanan J., Tullock G. The Calculus of Consent // The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan. Indianapolis, 1999. Vol. 3. 5. Dworkin R. Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge; MA, 1977. 6. Gaultier D. Morals by Agreement. Oxford, 1986. 7. Kymlicka W. Contemporary Political Philosophy. Oxford, 2002. 8. MacIntyre A. After Virtue. Notre Dame, 1981. 9. MacIntyre A. Whose Justice? Which Rationality? Notre Dame, 1988. 10. Rawls J. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge; MA, 1971. 11. Rawls J. Political Liberalism (Paperback ...

... philosophical foundations to “rational egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions and opening ... ... 24—32. 7. de Oliveira N. Rawls' Normative Conception of the Person // Veritas. 2007. № 52 (1). P. 171—183. 8. Lewellen T. Political Anthropology: An Introduction. Praeger, 2003. 9. Easton D. Political Anthropology // Biennial Review of Anthropology....

... Holmstrom, B. 1982, Moral Hazard in Teams, The Bell Journal of Economics, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 324—340. 28. Hölmstrom, B. 1979, Moral hazard and observability, Bell Journal of Economics, vol. 10, repr., no. 1, p. 74—91. 29. Shastitko, A. E., Novaya institucional’naya ... ... economic theory], M, TEIS. (in Rus.). 30. Esteban, J., Ray, D. 2001, Collective action and the group size paradox, American political science review, p. 663—672. 31. Oliver, P. E., Marwell, G. 1988, The paradox of group size in collective action: A ...

This interview explores the extent to which Kant’s philosophy, which postulates certain moral principles categorically, has influenced the contemporary theory of justice. Many academics believe such principles to be relative and emphasise that justice lies beyond the remit of science. Otfried Höffe is convinced that categorical legal principles ...

... Friedländer, 5th edition. Berlin: Nicolai. Munzel, G. F., 1999. Kant’s Conception of Moral Character. The Critical “Link” of Morality, Anthropology, and Reflective Judgment. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Novyy Zavet Gospoda nashego Iisusa ... ... gegeben von der jungster Braut vier zu gleichem Sinne und Liebe verbundenen Brüdern. Augsburg: Detleffsen. Weber, M., 2004. Politics as a Vocation. In: M. Weber. The Vocation Lectures. Edited by D. Owen, T. B. Strong, translated by R. Livingstone. Indianopolis ...

... was guided by Kant’s ideas of state and law and strived to make it obvious that the people is the only monarch and source of political and legislative power. The tragedy of the people is that it does not know it and the mission of the educated class is ... ... sochineniy v 6 tomah [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol. 6, Moscow. 8. Kant, I. 1965, Metafizika nravov [The metaphysics of morals], in Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 tomah [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol. 4(2), Moscow. 9. Markov A., 2009, Kant ...

This article investigates the problem of a correlation between the phenomena of multiculturalism and morality in a globalized public space. Human community is considered within intercultural relations and associated interpersonal conflicts. A search for the ways of personal development based on clear moral principles is studied in the context of the ...

... Judgement. Cambridge University Press, 2001. 22. Kant I. Critique of Practical Reason. Cambridge University Press, 1997. 23. Kant I. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Cambridge University Press, 2012. 24. Kant I. Perpetual Peace and Other Essays on Politics, History, and Moral Practice. Hackett Publishing, 1983. 25. Kant I. Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics: That Will Be Able to Come Forward as Science: With Selections from the Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge University Press, 2004. 26. http://cognitrn.psych.indiana....

On the basis of Hannah Arendt's political philosophy, the author analyses the capability of the Internet to fulfil the functions of public realm, as well as the significance and prospects of the World Wide Web as a communication medium for political being. 1. Арендт, Х. Vita ...

.... 1956, Barriers to New Competition, Cambridge, Harvard University Press. 17. Camerer, C., Lovallo, D. 1999, Overconfidence and Excess Entry: An Experimental Approach, The American Economic Review, Vol. 89, no. 1, p. 306—318. 18. Farrell, J. 1986, Moral Hazard as an Barrier to entry, The RAND Journal of Economics, Vol. 17, no. 3, p. 440—449. 19. Fisher, F. M. 1979, Diagnosing Monopoly, Quarterly Review of Economics and Business, Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 7—33. 20. Gilbert, R. 1989, Mobility Barriers ...

... hypotheses of the state of science]. Moscow, 209 p. 5. Alexeev, N. N., 1930, Religija, pravo i nravstvennost' [Religion, law, and morality], Paris, 106 p. 6. Alexeev, N. N., 1934, Ob idee filosofii i ejo obshhestvennoj missii [About the intention of philosophy ... ... Alexeev, N. N., 1955, Ideja gosudarstva: Ocherki po istorii politicheskoj mysli [The idea of the State: Essays on the history of political thought] New York, 412 p. 8. Alexeev, N. N., 1998a, Duhovnye predposylki evrazijskoj kul'tury [Spiritual preconditions ...

... and Social Sciences, 3(88), pp. 94-102. (In Russ.) Eco, U., 2002. Migration, Tolerance and Intolerance. In: U. Eco, 2002. Five Moral Pieces. Translated by A. McEwen. New York & San Diego & London: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, pp. 89-111. Hans, N., 1950. Sergius ... ... In: S. I. Hessen, 1999. Izbrannye sochineniya [Selected Writings]. M: ROSSPEN, pp. 723-782. (In Russ.) Hessen, S. I., 1999c. Political Freedom and Socialism. In: S. I. Hessen, 1999. Izbrannye sochineniya [Selected Writings]. M: ROSSPEN, pp. 106-144. (In ...

Kant scholars have rarely addressed the notion of optimism as it was interpreted by the Königsbergian philosopher in the mid-18th century. The notion originates from Leibniz’s Theodi­cy and from debates over whether the actual world is the best of all possible worlds. The first of a two-part series, this article studies the historical context in which appeared Kant’s 1759 lecture advertisement leaflet entitled An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism. The study describes the requirements of the...