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... Oxford University Press. Shell, S., 2009: Kant and the Limits of Autonomy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Singer, P., 1972. Famine, Affluence and Morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1(3), pp. 229-243. Stark, C., 1997. The Rationality of Valuing Oneself: A Critique of Kant on Self-Respect. Journal of the History of Philosophy, 35(1), pp. 65-82. Sticker, M., van Ackeren, M., 2018. The Demandingness of Beneficence and Kant’s System of Duties. Social Theory and Practice, 44(3), pp. 405-436....

... Full Shape of the Human Linguistic Capacity’. In: B. Buchhammer, ed. 2018. Re-Learning to be Human in Global Times: Challenges and Opportunities from the Perspective of Contemporary Philosophy of Religion. Washington, DC: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, pp. 117-136. Nagl, L., 2022. Merits and Limits of AI. In: H. Nagl- Docekal and W. Zacharasiewicz, eds., 2022. Artificial Intelligence and Human Enhancement. Affirmative and Critical Approaches in the Humanities. Berlin: De Gruyter,...

... analysed the key projects of the German neo-Kantians in which the influence of Fichte’s philosophy, in particular his interpretation of the Kantian doctrine of the primacy of practical reason, is most clearly manifested. I show that the theory of values of the Southwest neo-Kantians and the ethics of pure will of the Marburg neo-Kantians are associated with the Fichtean revision of Kant’s doctrine of the primacy of practical reason. The following, in my opinion, are the main features of the ...

Sergey Hessen builds his philosophy of culture on Heinrich Rickert’s theory of values. Like Rickert, he believes that the individual plays a key role in the formation of culture. The individual exercises freedom only in creative activity and the degree to which he fulfils his creative potential depends not only on the cultural context ...

The text of Kant’s first dissertation is a translation from Latin from an academic publication of a collection of Kant’s works: Kant, I. Meditationum quarundam de igne succincta delineatio... In: Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, ed., 1910. Kants Gesammelte Schriften. 1. Abhandling: Werke. Band I: Vorkritische Schriften I, 1747-1756. Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1910, pp. 369-384. The publication is available at https://korpora.zim.uni-duisburg- essen.de/kant/aa01/ [Accessed 10 March 2019]...

... researchers that Garve condoned the expansionist policy of Frederick II of Prussia, totally denied that legality in international relations was possible and in general deserved the reputation of an (ultra-)conservative. From that point of view the key values for Garve were the security and well-being of the state. I offer an alternative interpretation of Garve’s position because I believe that the value of political stability plays an important role in it. Such an interpretation makes it possible ...

... University Press. Korsgaard, C.M., 1996b. The Sources of Normativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Korsgaard, C.M., 2004. Fellow Creatures: Kantian Ethics and Our Duties to Animals. In: G. B. Peterson, ed. 2004. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Volume 25/26. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press, pp. 77-110. Korsgaard, C.M., 2008. The Constitution of Agency: Essays on Practical Reason and Moral Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Korsgaard, C.M., 2009. Self-Constitution: ...

.... Faradzhev, K. V., 2008. Philosophy and Life of Moses Rubinstein. In: M. M. Rubinstein, 2008. O smysle zhizni. T. 1: Trudy po filosofii tsennosti, teorii obrazovaniya i universitetskomu voprosu. [On Meaning of Life. Volume 1: Works on Philosophy of Value, Theory of Education and Subject of University], edited by N. V. Plotnikov, K. V. Faradzhev, Moscow : Territoriya budushchego, pp. 7-41. (In Russ.) 6. Faradzhev, K. V., 2010. Alternative Failed: Neo-Kantian Pedagogy in Russia at the Beginning of ...

... The Intuitive Basis of Knowledge. Translated by N. A. Duddington, with a preface by G. D. Hickes. London: Macmillan & Co. Lossky, N. O., 1928. The World as an Organic Whole. Translated by N. Duddington. Oxford: Humphrey Milford. Lossky, N. O., 1935. Value and Existence. Translated by S. Vinokooroff. London: George Allen & Unwin. Lossky, N. O., 1952. History of Russian Philosophy. London: Allen & Unwin. Lossky, N. O., 1954. About the Creation of the World by God. Put’, 54, pp. 3-22. (In Rus.) Lossky,...

... theorem of the fact of reason con­verges with his doctrine of respect to the moral law as intelligible feeling. This rapprochement allows the latter to play an argumentative role that, by serving as ratio cognoscendi of freedom, is also of epistemic value. Kant’s practical philosophy turns out to be based on a quasi-phenomenological intuitionism of finite reason in which aesthetic elements are of such importance that Wilmans’ assertion of its latent similarity to pure mysticism may be justified....

... Fichte, and the Neo-Kantians. He outlines the reasons which explain the different structures of the philosophical theories after Kant in comparison with the structure of Kant’s philosophy itself. Answering the question of Kant’s role in affirming the value of human dignity, he emphasises the non-empirical essence of this concept as it is presented in Kant’s ethics and as it should be defended against recent critics. According to Stolzenberg, the principle of modern subjectivity proves to be fruitful ...

... heteronomous renditions of Spinoza’s ethics. Then I move on to argue for the existence of conditions in Spinoza’s thought that make every heteronomous interpretation of his practical philosophy extremely unlikely. These are i) identification of moral value in the quality of an agent’s law-oriented motivation, ii) distinction between human nature as rational and affective, ascribing different sets of laws to each, iii) endowment of reason with moral content, iv) recognition of the non-subjective ...

In the paper it is shown that E. T. A. Hoffmann has been valuing the post-Napoleon politics of Prussia in the Christmas tale "Meister Floh" from the Kantian position. The cardinal problem of the tale — shown in "Halle-gorisch und Jena-logisch" manner how Hoffmann himself had characterized ...

... problems discussed by these authors. He dismisses G. W. F. Hegel’s criticism of Kant and denies the dependence of the fundamental principles of justice on the Zeitgeist and the opinions of the masses. The interviewee calls freedom the supreme human value, advocates the idea of a democratic constitutional state (he considers the principles of a social state as a mission of the state rather than a subjective right of citizens), and argues that dictatorship and tyranny deserve resistance. Prof. Dr....

The article is devoted to comparison of Kant methodology and the phenomenology, which provide insight into the area of pure consciousness. Divergences in levels of its understanding are marked, disagreements concerning values of reflection and reduction between Kant and Neo-Kantian philosophers and representatives of phenomenology come to light. The analysis of basic concept of phenomenology, «intentionality», is carried out by means of Kant aprioristic forms. 1....

This paper investigated the historical and philosophical context of the notions of “tradition” and the “purpose-task” in the philosophy of Sergius Hessen. The article identified the meaning of values and hierarchy of values of Heinrich Rickert in definition of the notions of “tradition” and “purpose-task” and the main principle of their interaction. 1. Гессен С. И. Основы педагогики. Введение в прикладную ...

... Morals. Doctrine of Right. In: Kant I. Works in German and Russian], Moscow. Volume V. Part I. 10. Kjung, G. Brentano, Gusserl I Ingarden ob ozenivajuchih aktah i posnanii zennostej [Brentano, Husserl and Ingarden about evaluating acts and knowledge of values], Filosofsko-literaturnij zurnal “Logos” [Philosophical and literary journal “Logos”], no. 6, p. 117—123. 11. Lavruhin, A. V. 2004, K voprosu o vlijanii filosofii Kanta na gusserlevskuju modelj konstituzii [To the question about the influence ...

The article sketches the development of Kant interpretation in analytic philosophy. The author turns to Kant’s transcendental idealism and three well-known difficulties about things in themselves which Kant’s idealism generates: problems about unknowability, noumenal-affection and category-application, and the neglected-alternative. Building on the work “Things in Themselves: an Interim Report” (XI Kant Readings, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 2014), the author questions how...

... in: Ethics & Global Politics 3/3, pp. 193—215. 14. Maus, I. 2004, Kant’s Reasons against a Global State: Popular Sovereignty as a Principle of International Law, in: Filozofski Godisnuak 17, pp. 81—97. 15. Mertens, T. 2007, Kant’s Cosmopolitan Values and Supreme Emergencies, in: Journal of Social Philosophy 38/2, pp. 222—241. 16. Mikalsen, K. K. 2011, In defense of Kant’s league of states, in: Law and Philosophy 30, pp. 291—317. 17. O’Neill, O. 2005, The dark side of human rights, in: ...

... tradition of Rene Descartes). The crucial significant in his concept of law is got neo-kantian axiology of Wilhelm Windelband and Heinrich Rickert. Following to neo-kantian thinkers Alexeev indicates, that genesis of culture is measured because a priori values are exist. Therefore individual is not a creator of these values per se. Value became the basis of Alexeev’s philosophy of law. Furthermore he elaborated axiological model of law onto religious foundation. Religion — is a tool for initiating ...

... theory, which is scrutinised from the perspective of transformations of Kant’s ideas. The graph theory was chosen, firstly, because of its chronological significance — it is the last logical theory of the American thinker. Secondly, it was greatly valued by the author, who called the theory his greatest accomplishment. The fact that the echo of Kant’s philosophy is heard in such a recent theory is an evidence of Kant’s strong influence. This thesis is proven in this work. 1. Apel, K-O., ...

... a reflection in the system of language, which is another argument in favour of the organicity of his philosophy. However, the philosophical ideas of Kant’s system can serve as basis for a theory of grammatical moods. Kant’s revolutionary idea of values, knowledge, and norms as three aspects of existential reality lead to a conclusion that modality and moods are not identical, despite being interrelated. The categories of modality do not express the essence of moods but rather the conditions for ...

... tial and empty ones. Substantial noumena correspond to transcendental objects as the material of possible experience, which has become or can become actual, on the one hand. On the other, they correspond to abstract idealisation relations – norms and values – that are immanent in the world of phenomena and contribute to the organisation of that world. 1. Kant, I. 1965a, Kritika practicheskogo razuma [Critique of Practical Reason] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 volumes],...

... Shestov’s Life Fate.], In: Voprosy Philosophii. [Russian Journal of Philosophical Questions], № 1, p. 129—143. 17. Nietzsche, F. 2005, Volya k Vlasti. Opyt Pereotsenki Vsekh Tsennostei. [A Will to Power. The Experience for Revaluation of All the Values.], Moscow: Kultunaya Revolutsia, 880 p. 18. Reiningen, R. 1970, Metaphysik der Wirklichkeit. Zweite, gänzlich neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, I-II in einem Bd., München: hrsg. v. Otfried Höffe. 19. Ricoeur, P. 1967, Husserl: an Analysis ...

... the minds of animals] // Voprosy filosofii i psihologii [Problems of Philosophy and Psychology]. № 91, p. 45—75. 20. Augustyn L. 2012, Wartosc bytu. Ontologizm etyczny w filozofii rosyjskiej (Rozwazania wokoł filozofii Borysa Wyszeslawcewa) [The value of being. Ethical ontologism in Russian philosophy (Reflections on the philosophy of Boris Vysheslavtsev)] // Postneokantyzm — ontologizm / pod red. B. Czardybon, L. Augustyna, M. Bohuna. Estetyka i Krytyka [Post-neo-Kantianism —ontologism / ...

This paper analyzes receptions of phenomenological and neo-Kantian axiology trends in the interpretation of the concept and status of value in N. N. Alekseev’s philosophy of law. The author identifies the role of Neo-Kantian nomothetic—idiographic division of sciences proposed by the Southwest German school of Neo-Kantianism in interpreting the essence of law within Aleseev’s ...

... Sochineniya v 2 t. [Works in 6 vols]. St-Petersburg: Mifril Publ. (In Russian) 13. Koßler, M. 2009. Life is but a Mirror: On the Connection between Ethics, Mataphzsics and Character in Schopenhauer // Better Consciousness. Schopenhauer’s Philosophy of Value. Ed. by Alex Naill and Christopher Janaway. Wiley-Blackwell. P. 77—97. 14. Metz, W. 2006. Der Begriff des Willen bei Fichte und Schopenhauer // Die Ethik Arthur Schopenhauers im Ausgang vom Deutschen Idealismus. Hragg. von Lore Hühn. Ergon Verlag,...

... founding a “school of morality” in Hamburg. In the 18th century, Hamburg was considered a stronghold of freedom in the opposition between the two forms of being — the feudal and burgher’s ones — having become a capital of the new system of values. Philosophy and arts served as a means in this struggle against dogmatism and feudal absolutism. In this atmosphere, a newconceptual culture emerged. This culture, warmly welcomed by the society, rested on reason, virtue, justice, and tolerance,...

... Friends, as well as history of creation of books of J. Schulz and K. Stavenhagen, articles,reports and brochures of R. Brückmann and O. Schöndörffer are described, their content is characterized. There are formulated some conclusions about the main value of this work for Kant studies, for the birth and development of the Kantianism, about the relationship of popularization with otherlines of Kant studies in Königsberg, about cooperation of Königsberg researchers of Kant's life and philosophy with ...

... of political liberalism. However, some of his important ideas can qualify as conservative. Their consequences are reaching far enough to sug¬gest a reevaluation of Kant as an unconditional liberal. Kant's generally liberal understanding of aims and values of a political process (which is, however, quite remote from the pluralism and individualism of some contemporary theories) is balanced by his reservations concerning the prospects of their realization, based on his «empirical anthropology», ...

... The essence of morals is revealed not in the creation of ideal projects but rather in the need for action: the moral law must be implemented in the outside world. The theory of standards and ethics evaluates moral foundations as an internal absolute value. However, a definition of morals is meaningful only as an individual experience of a person, social requirements become moral only through a self-determined person. Being critical and formal, the moral principle does not eliminate the possibility ...

... ofthe time. However, the objective logic of nature of art made A. A. Fet’s poetry complimentary to revolutionary-democratic poetry. A. Fet was guided by Kant’s principle of aesthetics stating that the function of art is constituting the world of values. It does not and cannot replace either science, which is meant to cognise the world, or morality, which is meant to organise the world of the social. The principle of purity characteristic of Kant’s philosophy was applied by A. Fet to art. It ...

... improvement so that they adhere to the letter and the spirit of Kant’s ideas on state and law. The article stresses the need to take into account two provisions of Kant’s philosophy: the complementarity of morals and law and support for traditional family values. The legal discussions on the essence of constitutionalism, supremacy of law, and constitutional state lack philosophical depth and consideration of the sources of these phenomena. Without a philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon of law,...

The essay is dedicated to the fate of the valuable Kant-related collections and manuscripts from the library of Tartu University, which, in 1895, were transported to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin for the publication of Kant's complete works and did not return to Tartu and escaped the notice of researchers for a long time. 1. Архив научной библиотеки Тартуского университета. Ф. 4. Оп. 1. Ед. хр. 982. 2. Блюм В. Р., Танклер Х. Л. Автографы философов в научной библиотеке Тартуского университета...

The article considers specifications of word-concept borrowing in the discourse field “Environmental friendliness”. On the examples from German-language media the article describes the processes of new words’ access to the German language and the nature of their functioning in the media discourse 2019— 2022. The relevance of this study is to identify and describe, through contextual discourse analysis, new global concepts that function in a synthetic communication space with the view to exchanging...

... personalities. At the same time duality of female images becomes a moment of their testing, examination of their morality and feelings. Male images (Linsky and Lonsky) do not pass this test, female ones (Claudia and Masha), thanks to duality, discover the true values of life, which are not in love for a man and not in wealth, but in following a sense of duty to parents and natural inclinations. Thus, the duality in the moralistic novel The Cursed Place reveals the true nature of the characters. It is the moral ...

... education system in Finland are highlighted for analysis in the research. They are the main stages or levels of education, the features of educational policy and standardization of education, the methods of teaching, the content of education, the goals and values of teacher training and the development of a teacher’s personality. The following features of teacher training at Finnish universities have been identified: orientation towards alternative educational policy in contrast to unifying global education ...

... in the study. A methodology for axiological analysis of figurative units is developed, consisting of the following stages: identification and typology of evaluative meanings, determination of the basis for evaluation, and modeling a fragment of the value system. In general, figurative language units with the semantics of plants describe people and various aspects of their activities. In studying the general evaluative meanings, it was found that the majority of units with the semantics of plants ...

... structure, objectifying the precedent picture of the world, however, the components of the imperative and occasional picture of the world make it possible to present events from different narrative angles, characterizing the hero and his actions in broad value coordinates. Priority in the genre structure of the A. I. Kuprin’s “legend” becomes the narrative of the novel, focusing the reader’s attention on the role of the category of chance in the fate of the hero, thus establishing an analogy of ...

... concept of Decembrism at the background of two versions of the idealizing myth about the heroes of the past (official and oppositional). The hypothesis of the research is based on the ideas of Galina Belaya: it is challenging “indisputable” historical values in the work of Okudzhava and the close connection of historical issues with the present. The article addresses the continuity of the Decembrism theme in three Okudzhava’s novels (“Poor Avrosimov”, “Journey of Dilettantes”, “A Date with ...

... ideological attitudes of the GDR through the analysis of theoretical sources, the method of continuous sampling, linguistic analysis of contextual blocks of the story, and establishes the spheres of human activity that represent the rejection of the values of a hostile ideology: appearance, leisure, work, moral principles, upbringing and re-education of the younger generation in the right ideological way. A connection is established between the external and internal manifestations of ideological ...

... phrases, measuring fundamental frequency (F0), sound inten­sity (volume) and syllable duration and analyzing the acquired data. This study provides F0, volume and syllable duration progression charts and anal­ysis of F0, volume and syllable duration values. 1. Барков И. С. Отражение гендерного фактора в просодии речевых актов угрозы // Вестник Московского государственного областного университета ...

... the Russian military officer. Theoretical analysis of existing papers re­sults in a generalized concept of a language personality as an image of a bear­er of knowledge, models of behavior and reactions, cultural-linguistic and communicative-activity values. The vocabulary activated in communication is considered from the point of view of stylistic differentiation, as well as in its division into common and proper names. Onyms are presented as linguocul­turological units that make up a special sign ...

... receiving language. The research reveals the tendencies how the English language influences the foreign words and loanwords in the modern German language irrespective of the word origin. The results of the present study have both theoretical meaning value for the linguistic aspect, they are significant for evaluating the processes which are intensively occurring in the time of information sciences technology, and also important for the German language teaching. 1. Волкова Т. И. Процессы ...

..., which translates all empirical facts into verbal signs. The thinker's task is to incorporate the visual image into the mental construct, to create the topology of the world, not represented in the world itself. Finally, the author considers the value of Miłosz and Nemerov’s texts for modern culture and states that they are illustrations for cognitive research, generators of scientific ideas and they create the marginal area of contempo­rary cognitive science; meanwhile there is an uncertainty ...

... fairy-tale space; creation of a network of inter­textual relations; an increment of the original meaning to an allusive basis. There are cases of carnival parodying of spiritual lyrics in The Tale of the Tai­lor Seven-in-One-Blow. The key, meaning-forming value of allusions to spir­itual lyrics in two Italian fairy tales is revealed, which contributes to the transfer of Italian plots to German culture. 1. Гарифуллина А. М. Аллюзии сквозь призму культурного ...

... Lermon­tov as a genre that demonstrates a complex synthesis of various zones of im­plementation of subjective modality. The author’s concept, embodied with the help of various means of subjective modality, is determined by the writer’s system of values, his spiritual experience, and his aesthetic cognition. The analysis of the linguistic material made it possible to determine that the sub­jective modality can be realized as a synthesis of three levels — the image of the author, narrator and ...

... element for creating the image of a Muslim woman in sports texts. In the analyzed materials, the hijab is subjected to resemiotization, which nature depends on the role identification of the participants in the narrative. For a narrator who promotes the values of Western society, the hijab in sports dis­course is a lingo-cultural marker of emancipation and overcoming gender asymmetry. For Muslim women athletes, the hijab becomes a means of demonstrating their cultural identity and a way to prove the ...