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... Mathematics through the Lens of Cognitive Research, Voprosy Filosofii, 11, pp. 87-96. (In Rus.) Fugate, C. D., 2014. The Teleology of Reason. A Study of the Structure of Kant’s Critical Philosophy. New York & Berlin: De Gryuter. Kalin, M. G., 1972. Kant’s Transcendental Arguments as Gedankenexperimente. Kant-Studien, 63, pp. 289-328. Kant, I., 2004a. Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science. In: I. Kant, 2004. Theoretical Philosophy after 1781, edited by H. Allison and P. Heath. Cambridge: Cambridge ...

... their principle fortuitous purposiveness, can be considered as the basis for a new foundation of metaphysics. According to Kant’s limitation of cognition to the realm of sense intuition, theoretical knowledge of God, the subject, things-in-themselves, transcendental ideas is impossible. This leads to a kind of “negative theology” of the highest principle and the supersensible as a whole. The reasons are rooted in the character of propositional thought, which can only circumscribe a singular, supersensible ...

... be confirmed in relation to individual theorems, such as the relationship between attraction and repulsion force, even though the reasons for Lambert and Kant’s deviation from Newton’s theory of gravity also differ. For in its main features the transcendental metaphysics of Kant’s nature is substantially different from the mathematical methodology of Lambert’s theory of nature. In addition, Lambert stuck throughout his life to a theonomous natural teleology in the succession of Wolff, which ...

... Wrocławskiego. Kosch, M., 2006. Freedom and Reason in Kant, Schelling and Kierkegaard. Oxford: Calderon Press, Oxford University Press. Kozyra, W., 2018. Kant o woli i wolności. Edukacja Filozoficzna, 65(1), pp. 95-116. Lord, B., 2011. Kant and Spinozism: Transcendental Idealism and Immanence from Jacobi to Deleuze. London: Palgrave. Ludwig, B., 2014. Die Freiheit des Willens und die Freiheit zum Bösen: Inhaltliche Inversionen und terminologische Ausdifferenzierungen in Kants Moralphilosophie zwischen ...

... misconceives the necessity of an independent space for the foundations of physics. This perspective changes under the influence of Euler at the end of the fifties of the eighteenth century and finally leads to his writing of 1768 and the adoption of transcendental idealism in 1770. In the following, I depict this asynchronicity by taking central pre-critical writings into account while discussing Kant’s concept of space and gravity. This sharpens the picture of Kant’s work and the different stages ...

... Petersburg: Tipografiya P. P. Soikina. (In Rus.) Förster, E., 1987. Is There ‘a Gap’ in Kant‘s Critical System? Journal for the History of Philosophy, 25, pp. 533-555. Förster, E., 1989. Kants Selbstsetzungslehre. In: E. Förster, 1989. Kant’s Transcendental Deductions. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 217-238. Förster, E., 2000. Kant’s Final Synthesis. An Essay on the Opus Postumum. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Friedman, M., 1992. Kant and the Exact Sciences. Cambridge,...

... deals with the categorial application of reason. With Husserl, appearance is linked with the area of the natural attitude while the phenomenon is absolute. Fink’s position is interesting in that it differs from the views of the main representatives of transcendental philosophy, Kant and Husserl. According to Fink, appearing is the foundation of the fact that what exists is and that appearing is being. Fink takes a different approach to the meanings of appearance as opposing the thing in itself which ...

... idealism of Cartesian provenance. Finally, I support my reading by showing that Kant’s “Refutation” is doomed to fail against all forms of global scepticism, but is quite successful against Mendelssohn’s idealism. Allison, H. E., 2004. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism. 2nd edition. New Haven: Yale University Press. Almeida, G. A. de, 2013. Kant e a Refutação do Idealismo II. Analytica, 17(12), pp. 13-50. Ameriks, K., 2003. Interpreting Kant’s Critiques. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Aquila,...

... Lossky and Semyon Frank. I demonstrate that the emergence of these doctrines and the development of their onto-gnoseological categorial apparatus were mainly connected with the criticism of the Neo-Kantian theory of cognition and the possibility of transcendent knowledge as such. The main sources of my study are The Intuitive Basis of Knowledge and The World as an Organic Whole by N. O. Lossky and The Object of Knowledge and The Unknowable by S. L. Frank. My investigation makes it possible to treat ...

... problems to ontology, and to identify and bring closer together epistemology and ontology. Russian philosophers ontologise the theory of cognition through the analysis of subjectivity, the complete elimination of psychological motives and the separation of transcendentalism from transcendentism. These principles enable Salagov to ground a three-part structure of cognition (consciousness, being, committing to consciousness) and to assert that the main task of genuine epistemology is exclusively the study ...

... In: G. E. Michaelson, ed. 2014. Kant’s Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason — A Critical Guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 156-174. Longuenesse, B., 1998. Kant and the Capacity to Judge: Sensibility and Discursivity in the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Louden, R. B., 2000. Kant’s Impure Ethics: From Rational Beings to Human Beings. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Palmquist, S., 1992. Does Kant Reduce Religion ...

... Selbstbewußtsein und Selbster­kenntnis in Kants transzendentaler Deduktion. In: D. H. Heidemann, Hg. 2002. Probleme der Subjektivität in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Stuttgart und Bad Cannstatt: fromann-holzboog, S. 85-106. Carl, W., 2008. The Highest Point of Transcendental Philosophy. In: J. Stolzenberg und K. Ameriks, Hg. 2008. Jahrbuch des Deutschen Idealismus / International Yearbook of German Idealism 2007. Band 5: Me­taphysik / Metaphysics. Berin und Boston: De Gruyter, S. 33-46. https://doi.org/10....

... creates the problem of the relationship between these faculties. The importance of this problem stems from the colossal significance of each of the above-mentioned faculties which are intimately connected with Kant’s formulation of the key tasks of transcendental philosophy. The prime task is to discover the categories of understanding and to prove the legitimacy of their use, a task that is further complicated by the difference between the editions of the Critique of Pure Reason in terms of the ...

... Reason. Edited by P. Guyer and A. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology, History and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge, New York et al.: Cambridge University Press. Kitcher, P., 1990. Kant’s Transcendental Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. Lütterfelds, W., 2004. Kant in der gegenwärtigen Sprachphilosophie. In: D. H. Heidemann and K. Engelhard, eds. 2004. Warum Kant heute? New York & Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 150-176. Strawson,...

The author addresses Kant’s transcendental solution to the problem of objectness. This article focuses on Kant’s concept of object and the problem of legitimacy of establishing correlation between ‘I’ and objects. The author specifies the substantive elements of this correlation ...

... Rickert, the main representative of the Baden Neo-Kantianism School. The author analyses the key arguments put forward by Rickert against the understanding of cognition as a reflection of reality. Rickert’s standpoint is neutral. He criticises the transcendental theory of reflection, but does not reject the idea of reflection as a model of cognition and acknowledges the immanent theory of reflection as relatively justified. The article also addresses the standpoint of another representative of ...

... "practical" anthropology identical to "pragmatic" anthropology? Does anthropology aim to answer the question about the vocation of a human being? To what extent is metaphilosophy present in the Anthropology? What is the 'fundamental' transcendental anthropology? The idea of an anthroponomy remains an unsolved puzzle. 1. Кант И. Антропология с прагматической точки зрения. СПб., 2002. 2. Кант И. Критика практического ...

This article proves that when addressing the problem persistent in his oeuvre — whether the humanity exists independently in space or it is a transcendental project — the Saint Petersburg poet A. S. Kushner always consults with I. Kant. 1. Гейне Г. Собр. соч.: в 10 т. М., 1958. Т. 6. 2. Кант И. Всеобщая естественная история и теория ...

... Kontingenz der Welt. Freiburg, 1969. 11. Schmucker J. Joseph Moreaus Interpretation der Kantischen Gottesbeweiskritik // Le Dieu des philosophes / Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie. 1972. Bd. 54. S. 37—88. 12. Schmucker J. On the Development of Kant's Transcendental Theology. / ed. L. W. Beck. Proceedings of the Third International Kant Congress. Dordrecht, 1972. P. 495—500. 13. Schmucker J. Die Ontotheologie des vorkritischen Kant. Berlin, 1980. 14. Schmucker J. Kants vorkritische Kritik der Gottesbeweise....

This article offers a critical analysis of the general idea of “overcoming Kant”, presented by Ye. N. Trubetskoy in the book “The metaphysical assumptions of knowledge” (1917). 1. Соловьёв В. С. Теоретическая философия // Соловьёв В. С. Собр. соч.: в 9 т. 1-е изд. СПб., 1903. Т. 8. 2. Соловьёв В. С. Критика отвлеченных начал // Соловьёв В. С. Собр. соч. и писем: в 15 т. М., 1993. Т. 2 (репринтное изд. со 2-го изд. собр. соч. В. С. Соловьева под ред. С. М. Соловьева и Э. Л. Радлова). 3. Соловьёв...

The various positions in the suit about “hundred thalers” opened by Kant’s criticism of ontological argument are compared. It is argued that Heidegger’s concept of being as transcendental predicate cannot be identified with Frege’s treatment of existence as a second-order predicate. Furthermore it is shown that the understanding of being as perfection by Aquinas is quite similar to Kant’s concept of being as absolute ...

... constitutional state (he considers the principles of a social state as a mission of the state rather than a subjective right of citizens), and argues that dictatorship and tyranny deserve resistance. Prof. Dr. Höffe gives detailed definitions of the notions of transcendental exchange, categorical legal principles, enlightened liberal democracy, and a world republic. This interview will supplement the body of Prof. Dr. Höffe’s works that have already been translated into Russian. Hegel, G. W. F. 1979,...

... empirical dimensions of freedom, will, and action as the crucial point for understanding the relationship between theoretical and practical reason in Kant’s and Husserl’s practical philosophy. Relying on the explanation of the relationship between transcendental and practical freedom given in Kant's practical philosophy, the author problematizes Kant’s thesis about the primacy of practical reason. This is the starting point and leitmotif in analysing the nature of revision of Kant’s ideas, ...

... nature of things in themselves or whether things in themselves exist or do not exist’. Kantian Methodological Eliminativism (KME) about things in themselves says that for the purposes of the theory of real (i. e., anthropocentric, “humanfaced”) transcendental idealism we can completely ignore things in themselves. In this paper the author unpacks and defends both KRA and KME. 1. Kant, I. 2006а, Kritik der reinen Vernunft. 1. Auflage, in: Kant I. Werke Zweisprachige deutsch-russische Ausgabe....

... concepts into phaenomena and noumena. The former are apprehended by the senses and the latter express the things-in-themselves. It is shown that, as concepts of things, noumena are divided into substan tial and empty ones. Substantial noumena correspond to transcendental objects as the material of possible experience, which has become or can become actual, on the one hand. On the other, they correspond to abstract idealisation relations – norms and values – that are immanent in the world of phenomena ...

... Concepts’ is taken as a clue to distinguishing the Doctrine of Schematism from the Deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding. This provides clarity on the function of schematism. The author conceives of schematism as something entirely new to the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories, namely, as preparation for the use of categories as predicates in sentences known as the ‘Principles of Understanding’ referring to phaenomena (appearances in time and space) rather than the undetermined ...

... modern era and introduced him to the problem of cognition and increment of knowledge. Peirce was never a Kantian but the oeuvre of the Königsberg philosopher had a profound effect on all of his further works. The major elements of Kant’s theory (transcendental deduction of categories, classification of judgements, synthetic and analytic judgement dichotomy, etc.) were substantially modified by Peirce. He reduced the number of categories, changed their content, and transformed analytic and synthetic ...

This paper deals with the methodological and ontological significance of transcendentalism. The author advocates the understanding of transcendental philosophy as ontology and presents a critique of the interpretation given by David Carr, who attached a merely methodological significance to the concept of the ‘transcendental’....

... the background of a dispute with K. Jaspers, this article considers the Critique of Pure Reason as a system of epistemology and an overview of Kant’s philosophical system. The cen-tral thesis is the statement that Kant’s epistemology is based on transcendental anthropology con-nected with the history of philosophy. It is proven that, in terms of its content, the formal dual divi-sion of the Critique is a triad system comprising a number of similar subsystems. 1. Abramjan, L. A. 1981, Glavnyj ...

This article aims to consider the concept of personality proposed by the prominent exponent of Russian neo-Kantianism Sergey Hessen and its philosophical and legal content. The frame of reference used to achieve this aim is determined by the personality-culture-the general will-the state coordinates. The author compares Hessen’s ideas with Bogdan Kistyakovsky’s legal concept. Hessen distinguished between several layers of meaning in the notion of culture — civilizedness, level of education, and civic...

This article presents an overview of Russian philosophers’ publications in German periodicals of the late 19th/early 20th centuries. At the time, Germany boasted a significant number of journals dedicated to philosophy or addressing philosophical problems. Even in the first approximation, there are several dozen journals featuring either texts by Russian scientists or works dedicated to Russian philosophy. Of special importance are two journals with the most pronounced presence of Russian authors...

... the background of a dispute with K. Jaspers, this article considers the Critique of Pure Reason as a system of epistemology and an overview of Kant’s philosophical system. The central thesis is the statement that Kant’s epistemology is based on transcendental anthropology connected with the history of philosophy. It is proven that, in terms of its content, the formal dual division of the Critique is a triad system comprising a number of similar subsystems. 1. Kant, I. 1964, Kritika chistogo ...

... Practical Philosophy. Cambridge, 1999. P. 37—109. 7. Kant I. The Metaphysics of Morals // Ibid. P. 353—605. 8. Nozik R. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford, 1993. 9. Rawls J. Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy. Harvard, 2000. 10. Stroud B. Transcendental Arguments // The Journal of Philosophy. 1968. Vol. 65,№ 9. P. 241—256.

... thecreative spirit. He sees the completion of Kant’s critical philosophy in the psychological bases of subjectivity of consciousness aimed at understanding the patterns of the scientific, moral, and artistic cognition. In the context of history of transcendentalism, art is perceived as a form of spiritualcreativity that is subject to its own generating laws of cultural creation. It is emphasised that, in P. Natorp’s system, the aesthetic has its own creative dynamics based on the feelings of ...

... reason, but also general systematic and critical thinking. It is “common sense”, as the location of this “need of reason”, that can and must be accepted as a valid and ra-tional premise for thinking.As a follower of the tradition of Kant’s transcendental philosophy, the founder of Marburg School of Neo-Kantianism, develops and deepens insight into the issue in question thus obtaining original and interesting results. 1. Делёз Ж. Различие и повторение. СПб., ...

... the basic questions and problems of rational theology, namely: the concept of theology, arts of natural theology, the idea of highest essence, possible types of arguments for the existent of God and their limitations etc. The first part is called “Transcendental theology”. It is of limited research interest, since it largely follows contemporary textbooks (first of all, Baumgarten’s Metaphysics). The second part “Moral Theology” is of considerable research interest, since it departs from ...

... defense of reasonable faith. The main differences between Kant’s and Rawls’s include the understanding of practical reason; the concept of a person based on fundamental ideas originating from different sources (political culture in Rawls’s works and transcendental idealism in Kant’s); the understanding of rational faith. 1. Кант И. Основы метафизики нравственности. URL: www.royallib.com/book/ kant_i/osnovi_metafiziki_nravstvennosti. html (дата обращения: ...

... that he introduced into philosophy are the results of this initial achievement. Whereas the Enlightenment formulated the principle of naturalism as a basic one for the comprehensive understanding of the world, Kant juxtaposed it with the principles of transcendental anthropology. As a result, it requires a new understanding of 1) the nature and its relation to human consciousness and 2) the active and, thus, tirfucntional, structure of human consciousness. 1. Вебер М. Теория ступеней ...

This article offers a critical analysis of the general idea of “overcoming Kant”, presented by Ye. N. Trubetskoy in the book “The metaphysical assumptions of knowledge” (1917). 1. Соловьёв В. С. Теоретическая философия // Соловьёв В. С. Собр. соч.: в 9 т. 1-е изд. СПб., 1903. Т. 8. 2. Соловьёв В. С. Критика отвлеченных начал // Соловьёв В. С. Собр. соч. и писем: в 15 т. М., 1993. Т. 2 (репринтное изд. со 2-го изд. собр. соч. В. С. Соловьева под ред. С. М. Соловьева и Э. Л. Радлова). 3. Соловьёв...

... Kante") // Vestnik Kommunisticheskoj akademii. 1924. № 7. S. 255— 272. 9. Deborin A. M. Ocherki po istorii dialektiki. I: Dialektika u Kanta // Arhiv K. Marksa i F. Jengel'sa. 1924. T. 1. S. 13—75. 10. Zuev I. E. Jelementy dialekticheskoj logiki v transcendental'noj logike I. Kanta. Smolensk, 1960. 11. Il'enkov Je. V. Predmet logiki kak nauki v novoj filosofii // Voprosy filosofii. 1965. № 5. S. 71—82. 12. Mostepanenko A. M. Kosmologicheskie antinomii Kanta i problema dialekticheskogo protivorechija ...

The 18th century philosophy actively used the notion of machine in its extended meaning, especially when describing both the world as a whole and its constituent bodies. Consequently, the initial meaning of that notion underwent peculiar changes: not only an artificial mechanism but also a natural organic body were defined as machines. A metaphysical comprehension of the notion of machine was developed predominantly in the framework of cosmology. 1. Васильев В. В. Философская психология в эпоху...

John Rawls’s interpretation of Kant’s categorical imperative is reviewed, some significant aspects of Rawls’ treatment of key notions of rationality, interests and ends are revealed, which limit the possibilities of application of Kantian ethics within Rawls’ liberal egalitarianism. 1. Калинников Л. А. Категорический императив и телеологический метод // Кантовский сборник. 1988. С. 25—38. Вып. 13. 2. Кант И. Основы метафизики нравственности // Соч.: в 6 т. М., 1964. Т. 4 (1). С. 219—310. 3. Ойзерман...

This text is a compilation of fragments from A. I. Ognev’s 1910 PhD thesis, which was awarded a gold medal. The personal archive of Father Savva (Mikhalevich) held two versions of the thesis – the hand-written (132 pages) and typed (141 pages) ones; the latter contains the author’s corrections. Some pages of the manuscript are missing. The front page of the typed version has L.M. Lopatin’s inscription: “The work of A.I. Ognev is most satisfactory. Professor Lev Lopatin”. The text is published according...

The author maintains that the language of prophetic texts differs fr om natural language in the propensity to go beyond the lim its of regular language categories. The mechanisms of this process are identified. 1. Апресян Ю. Д. Избранные труды : в 2 т. М., 1995. Т. 1: Лексическая семантика. 2. Берестнев Г. И. Слово, язык и за их пределами. Калининград, 2008. 3. Берестнев Г. И. Мифы о русских православных пророчествах // Балтийский регион: миф в языке и культуре : матер. междунар. науч. конф. Калининград...