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... Schlossteich to name just a few. The urbanonyms denoting the main characters’ places of residence are Lawsker Allee and Steffeckstraße (Ivanov) and Steinmetzstraße (Wieck). The works share common themes — memory, faith, physical constraints, the freedom of human spirit, moral and amorality, personal and collective responsibility, and the evil of totalitarian regimes and racial hatred. The analysis shows common motifs in the works, those of destiny, desperate situations, ordeals, and suffering....

... ethical-philosophical discourse of I. Kant (on the material of works «Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten», «Kritik der praktischen Vernunft», «Metaphysik der Sitten»). Cand. philol. sci. diss. Kaliningrad. 13. Chernenok, I. G., 2008. "Freedom": a concept and an image in the critical discourse of I. Kant. In: E. Yu. Vaganova et al., eds. Aktual'nye problemy lingvistiki, pedagogiki i metodiki prepodavaniya inostrannykh yazykov — 2008 [Actual problems of linguistics, pedagogy and ...

... knowledge, and reinterprets the expulsion from Paradise into exile in Paradise. It is emphasized that the poetry of the period under consideration is characterized by philosophical reflections on Paradise as a Purgatory; it shows the traumatism of paradise freedom, which is determined by the experience of this poetic generation of moving from the literary underground to the centre of the literary process and by changing the reality reflected in poetry, the appearance in this reality of signs of "paradise ...

... of nature in the poems of the two national geniuses are considered within the opposition of the horizontal/vertical, which is laden with philosophical and metaphorical semantics. Both poets show that, in the absence of spirituality, the true internal freedom sought by the main characters cannot be attained 1. Азадовский К. М. Пейзаж в творчестве К. Д. Фридриха // Проблемы романтизма. М., 1971. Вып. 2. 2. Байрон Дж. Г. Корсар ...

... in chanson by a man. Such original features include a greater number of details in the ‘self-portrait’, orientation towards the male psychological models of perceiving reality, and the use of an image of an ageing woman. Love and at the same time freedom are presented as a woman’s basic life values, which is indicative of changes in the female gender perception in the modern Russian society. 1. Амбарцумов И. Русский шансон. Русский рок. Русская судьба....

This article addresses Pushkin’s works, whose characters are based on real people who opposed conventional rules and laws and dedicated their life to fighting for personal and public freedom through following the path of crime. An analysis of the psychologically complex image of the novella’s main character shows that Pushkin paid special attention to the complicated and ambivalent personality of the robber who challenges his fate ...

... and L. Tengelyi I single out two aspects of Schelling’s doctrine that are relevant to my subject: (1) the priority of existence over essence in God’s being and (2) the fundamental irreducibility of God to a necessarily existent being, i.e. God’s freedom. It is evident that, in his interpretation of Kant, Schelling somewhat simplifies his train of thought and leaves it unclear how Kant links the concepts of necessary being and the supremely perfect being. It is also evident that Schelling’s ...

... Second Edition. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 571-580. Habermas, J., 1991. Treffen Hegels Einwände gegen Kant auch auf die Diskursethik zu? In: J. Habermas. Erläuterungen zur Diskursethik. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, pp. 9-30. Hare, R. M., 1963. Freedom and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hare, R. M., 1981. Moral Thinking. Its Levels, Method, and Point. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hegel, G. W. F., 1991. Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Translated by H. B. Nisbeth, edited by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: ...

.... Renz, ed. 2017. Self-Knowledge. A History. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 164-182. Kain, P., 2010. Practical Cognition, Intuition, and the Fact of Reason. In: B. Lipscomb and J. Krueger, eds. 2010. Kant’s Moral Metaphysics: God, Freedom, and Immortality. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 211-230. Khurana, Th., 2019. ‘I Do not Cognize Myself through Being Conscious of Myself as Thinking’: Self-Knowledge and the Irreducibility of Self-Objectification in Kant. Canadian Journal ...

... Palmquist. Indianapolis & Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company Inc. Lewin, M., 2021. Das System der Ideen. Zur perspektivistisch-metaphilosophischen Begründung der Vernunft im Anschluss an Kant und Fichte. Freiburg & München: Alber. Lossky, N. O., 1932. Freedom of Will. Translated by N. A. Duddington. London: Williams & Norgate. Lossky, N. O., 1991a. The Conditions of Absolute Good. Moscow: Political Literature Publishers. (In Rus.). Lossky, N. O., 1991b. The Types of Worldview. In: N. O. Lossky, 1991....

... epistemological issues investigated in pragmatism; secondly, with regard to the various pragmatic approaches to religion, something which has been long overlooked. These approaches are best understood as innovative re-readings of Kant’s postulates of freedom, immortality, and God. Since Hilary Putnam pointed out — in his 1992 book Renewing Philosophy — that James’s essay, “The Will to Believe”, in spite of having received a great deal of hostile criticism, is in “its logic, in fact, precise ...

... human beings, spontaneities, in order to distinguish them from descriptive characteristics attributed to them by predicative thought. Kant’s “practico-dogmatic” account of the postulates of God and immortality of the soul, based on the “fact of freedom” and its connection to the moral imperative, ensure the possibility of the “highest good” as final aim of moral behaviour — but cannot satisfy our need for knowledge of the supersensible. To “lay the groundwork” for experience of our ...

... Habermas, J. 2021. Versuch einer Replik. In: F. Gruber and M. Knapp, eds. 2021. Wissen und Glauben. Theologische Reaktionen auf das Werk von Jürgen Habermas Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie. Freiburg: Herder, 2021, pp. 224-252. Honneth, A., 2014. Freedom’s Right. The Social Foundations of Democratic Life. New York: Columbia University Press. Horkheimer, M., 1970. Die Sehnsucht nach dem ganz Anderen. Ein Interview mit Kommentar von H. Gumnior. Hamburg: Furche Verlag. Kant, I., 1978. The Critique ...

... Philosophy. London: Fontana Press. Wood, A., 2002. Preface and Introduction (3-16). In: O. Höffe, ed. 2002. Immanuel Kant. Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, pp. 25-43. Wood, A., 2014. The Free Development of Each: Studies on Freedom, Right, and Ethics in Classical German Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

... https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604678.003.0010 Foot, P., 1978. Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives. In: P. Foot, 1978. Virtues and Vice and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 157-173. Hare, R. M., 1963. Freedom and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Kant, I., 1998. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated and edited by M. Gregor; with an introduction by C. M. Korsgaard. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2007. Lectures on Pedagogy....

... single work? I conclude that Kant does not sufficiently, systematically support anti-natalism as more moral than pro-natalism. It is best for the current debate to grapple with the very dilemma that daunted Kant. Allison, H. E., 1986. Morality and Freedom: Kant’s Reciprocity Thesis. Philosophical Review, 95(3), pp. 393-425. Anscombe, G. E. M., 1989. Why Have Children? In: Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, 63, pp. 48-53. Benatar, D., 2006. Better Never to Have Been: ...

... Project. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Kitcher, Ph., 2021a. Moral Progress. New York: Oxford University Press. Kitcher, Ph., 2021b. The Main Enterprise of the World: Rethinking Education. New York: Oxford University Press. Kleingeld, P., 2015. Freedom of the Will as Moral Self-Legislation. Lecture delivered at the 12th International Kant Congress, Vienna. [unpublished manuscript] (Personal communication, 10 October 2015). Nagel, T., 1986. The View from Nowhere. New York: Oxford University Press....

... G., 2007. „Est Deus in nobis“. Überlegungen zu einer revolutionierenden Interpretation des Gottespostulats in Kants Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Philosophisches Jahrbuch, 114(1), pp. 117-137. Sudakov, A. K., 2008. “True Self”: Reason as Freedom in Kantian Ethical Personalism. Philosophy and Culture, 3, pp. 61-75. (In Rus.) Sudakov, A. K., 2020. Ethico-Theology without Postulates: Questioning the Prehistory of Kant’s Philosophical Theology. RUDN Journal of Philosophy, 24(4), pp. 637-656....

... IX. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses, Volume 1. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 313-326. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110874129.313 Pritchard, M. S., 1972. Human Dignity and Justice. Ethics, 82(4), pp. 299-313. Sangiovanni, A., 2012. Can the Innate Right to Freedom Ground a System of Rights? European Journal of Philosophy, 20(3), pp. 460-469. Sangiovanni, A., 2017. Humanity Without Dignity: Moral Equality, Respect, and Human Rights. Cambridge & MA: Harvard University Press. Schmidt, E. E., Schönecker, D....

... commentary on The Stranger. Translated by C. Macomber; introduction by A. Cohen-Solal; notes and preface by A. Elkaïm-Sartre, edited by J. Kulka. New Haven: Yale University Press. Schiller, F., 1988. On Grace and Dignity. In: F. Schiller, 1988. Poet of Freedom. Washington DC: Schiller Institute, pp. 337-395. Schmucker, J., 1961. Die Ursprünge der Ethik Kants in seinen vorkritischen Schriften und Reflexionen. Meisenhaim am Glan: Anton Heim. Schmucker, J., 1976. Zur Datierung der Reflexion 3716. Das ...

... my choice. Abbott, T. K., 1883. First Part of the Philosophical Theory of Religion. In: Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason and Other Works on the Theory of Ethics. London: Longmans, pp. 323-360. Alisson, H. E. 1990, Kant’s Theory of Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anon., 1735. Gesinnet seyn. In: J. H. Zedler, ed. 1735. Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon Aller Wissenschafften und Künste verlegt von J. H. Zedler. Volume 10. Halle & Leipzig: Zedler, col. 1289....

... Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from Plato’s. This is also true of Kant’s conception of freedom and of human rights. The greatest impact on Kant’s moral philosophy is due to the doctrine of the two worlds, the mundus sensibilis and the mundus intelligibilis, which did not originate in Plato himself, but in the Jewish Platonist Philo of ...

... sketching a more appropriate understanding of the internal structure of the end in itself. Allison, H. E., 2011. Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Allison, H. E., 1990. Kant’s Theory of Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dean, R., 2006. The Value of Humanity in Kant’s Moral Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Euler, W., 2015. Zweck. In: M. Willaschek, J. Stolzenberg, G. Mohr und S. Bacin, Hg. 2015. Kant-Lexikon, Band 3....

...., 1984. Belief and the Will. Journal of Philosophy, 81(5), pp. 235-256. Van Inwagen, P., 1996. It is Wrong, Everywhere, Always, and for Anyone, to Believe Anything upon Insufficient Evidence. In: J. Jordan and D. L. Howard-Snyder, eds. 1996. Faith, Freedom and Rationality. Lanham and London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 137-153. Ward, K., 1972. The Development of Kant’s View of Ethics. New York: Blackwell. Wimmer, R., 2011. Kants kritische Religionsphilosophie. Edited by G. Funke and R. Malter. Berlin ...

... history of modern music, too. Bomski, F. und Stolzenberg, J. hg., 2018. Genealogien des Geistes und der Natur. Diskurse, Kontexte und Transformationen um 1800. Göttingen: Wallstein. Dmitrieva, N. А., 2006. Kant’s Philosophy as Philosophy of Freedom: Other Globalisation. Voprosy Filosofii, 8, pp. 169-180. (In Rus.) Dmitrieva, N. А., 2009. German and Russian Neo-Kantianism in the Past, Present, and Future. Voprosy Filosofii, 3, pp. 165-175. (In Rus.) Fichte, J. G., 1971. Eigne Meditationen ...

Корнилаев Л. Ю. «Что я должен делать?» Этика Иммануила Канта и ее актуальность. (Обзор международной летней школы) // Вопросы философии. 2018. № 6. С. 212—215. Gardner S. Kant’s Practical Postulates and the Limit of his Critical System // Bulletin of the Hegel Society of Great Britain. 2011. Vol. 63, no. 4. P. 187—215.

This article suggests that rationality has to be treated as one of the basic categories of liberal philosophy. Together with freedom and equality, rationality lies at the anthropological core of liberalism, which makes it stand out among other political theories. The development of the main models of rationality relied upon by various liberal theories is reviewed. 1. Вебер ...

... the moral intersubjectivity of being. Its immense significance becomes obvious against the background of Kant's 'Copernican Revolution', which resulted in the new subject-oriented ontology. The viability of this ontology depends on the possibility of freedom, i. e. on whether the human being is capable of the practical implementation of the free causality of moral law. Due to its history, Kaliningrad is meant to become a window to Kant's ontology of hope. 1. Вышемирский Д. Кёнигсберг,...

... pragmatischer Hinsicht [1798]. Hamburg, 1999. 11. Brandt R. Die Bestimmung des Menschen bei Kant. Hamburg, 2007. 12. Firla M. Untersuchungen zum Verhältnis von Anthropologie und Moral­philosophie bei Kant. Frankfurt a/M;Bern, 1981. 13. Guyer P. Beauty, Freedom, and Morality. Kant’s Lectures on Anthropolo­gy and the Development of his Aesthetic Theory // Jacobs/Kain 2003. S. 135—163. 14. Hinske N. Kants Idee der Anthropologie // Die Frage nach dem Men­schen. Aufriß einer philosophischen Anthropologie....

This article puts forward the idea that the basis of Kant’s philosophy is moral ontology dominated by things in themselves, which provide the basis for the moral world order: God, soul, and freedom. Kant's epistemology, teleology and anthropology are determined by the attempt to prove the possibility of such world order. The ultimate end of this order is a human as a moral being, the thinking, experience, and knowledge of which are consistent ...

Target audience : advanced bachelor students, master students, PhD students, postdocs (with PhD received not before 2016). Dates : 29 July — 5 August 2018

... philosopher John Rawls as universal principles that would be chosen by every reasonable and rational person in an ‘original position’. The work analyses the problematic aspects of the principle’s formulation (the vagueness of the list of key rights and freedoms and the value criterion for ranking them) and of the methods used by Rawls to overcome them in the works published after the acclaimed book A theory of Justice. The author addresses the problem of the correlation between freedom and security ...

... to Kant, “right in a state of nature is called private right” (MS, AA VI, S. 242). It is my claim that there is no room for a right to enforce the offer of benefits in the private right. Firstly, I will show how the concept of an innate right to freedom provides no conceptual foundation for a right to enforcement of alleged duties of cooperation. Since my argument is much more conceptual than hermeneutical, Isaiah Berlin’s analysis of negative liberty in “Two Concepts of Liberty” will be ...

... 103—120. 23. Sánchez Madrid, N. 2014. Has social justice legitimacy in Kant’s theory of right? The empirical conditions of the rightful State as a civil union, in: Revista Trans/Form/Açâo 37/1, pp. 127—146. 24. Valentini, L. 2012. Human Rights, Freedom, and Political Authority, in: Political Theory 40/5, pp. 573—601. 25. Varden, H. 2011, A Kantian conception of global justice, in: Review of International Studies 37, pp. 2043—2057. 26. Verdross, A., Simma, B. 2012, Universelles Völkerrecht: ...

... expounds his views on the problems discussed by these authors. He dismisses G. W. F. Hegel’s criticism of Kant and denies the dependence of the fundamental principles of justice on the Zeitgeist and the opinions of the masses. The interviewee calls freedom the supreme human value, advocates the idea of a democratic constitutional state (he considers the principles of a social state as a mission of the state rather than a subjective right of citizens), and argues that dictatorship and tyranny deserve ...

... rather than analysing or synthesising scientific knowledge or development it. Philosophy of science proper should be based on Aristotle’s idea of metaphysics revisited in view of metaphysics of self-consciousness and the doctrine of practical reason, freedom, identity, and dignity of a human being as a personality. It should also embrace the idea of world history and universal civil meaning of philosophy. Recognition of relative a priori determination of human knowledge and behaviour in a broad context ...

... aspects of Schopenhauer’s pessimism are rooted in Fichte’s philosophy. Seventhly, in the first edition of his dissertation, Schopenhauer advocated Kant’s ethics and formulated the supremacy of the better consciousness over the empirical as noumenal freedom and truly moral behavior and defined the category of negation as its opposite. Later, these ideas, altered and expanded u 1. Kant, I. 1964а, Grezi duhovidca, poyasnennie grezami metafiziki [Dreams of a Visionary Explained by Dreams of Metaphysics] ...

... [Social pedagogy. Theory of the upbringing of will on the basis of community]. Translated by A. A. Grombah after the 3rd added ed., St. Petersburg. 14. Schelsky, H., 2013, Uedinenie i svoboda. K social’noj idee nemeckogo universiteta [Solitude and Freedom. On to the social idea of German university] Logos: Filosofskoliteraturnyj zhurnal [Logos: Philosophical and Literary Journal], Moscow, no. 1, p. 65—86. 15. Faradzhev, K. V., 2010, Nesostoyavshayasya al'ternativa: neokantianskaya pedagogika ...

.... Poma. Critical philosophy of Hermann Cohen. Trans. O. A. Popo-va]. Мoscow, p. 5—17. 6. Berdaev N. А. 1990, Smysl tvorchestva [The meaning of creativity] // Berdaev N. А. Filosofija svobody. Smysl tvorchestva [Berdyaev N. A. The philosophy of freedom. Meaning of creativity]. Мoscow, p. 254—535. 7. Gessen S. I. 1998, Mojo ziznieopisanije [My life] // Gessen S. I. Izbrannyje sochinienija / pod red. А. Valickogo, N. Chisiakovoj [S. I. Hessen Selected works / eds. A. Walicki, N. Chistya¬ko-va]....

... reconstructs the essence and purpose of the Enlightenment, as well as the difficulties faced by philosophers on the way to enlightenment. Another focus is the functional status of the ‘guardian’ and the new interpretation of the ideas of maturity and freedom in Nietzsche’s understanding of the Enlightenment. This becomes possible after Nietzsche’s renunciation of Romanticism and experience of the death of God. Nietzsche extends Kant’s list of possible problems in achieving enlightenment — ...

... law. The second part of the study considers Fichte's theory of marriage law as compared to Kant’s legal doctrine. Both the union and separation of marriage partners is viewed by Fichte as a phenomenon of the internal life and an element of personal freedom, hence the role of clergy in this field. In Fichte’s theory, special attention is paid to the nature and legal effects of a legitimate divorce interpreted based on his moral anthropology of sexes as a moral fact and a legal status. A divorce,...

... Enlightenment (Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot), as well as a number of provisions of Kant’s philosophy. Despite the fact that Condorcet was not familiar with Kant’s works, his general ideas on the autonomous subject, their reason and freedom, and history and social progress bear strong similarity to Kant’s views. However, the observed differences are indicative not only of Condorcet having overcome the prejudices of his time, but also of that his version of social, ethical, and ...

... Kistyakovsky at the turn of the 20th century. The article identifies distinct Marxist analogies and parallels in the contents of this project. The ‘state of the future’ as a rule-of -law socialist state should not only protect citizen’s rights and freedoms, which Kistyakovky supports as proponent of ‘natural rights’, but also ensure social justice. Moreover, he stresses the nonviolent, ‘evolutionary’ way of transition from a bourgeois rule-of-law state to a socialist one. Kistyakovsky’s ...

... criticism’, since the inclusion of a ‘better consciousness’ into a priori cognitive faculties justified its ‘metaphysical’ character. Fifthly, the first edition of Schopenhauer’s doctoral dissertation adhered to Kant’s concept of noumenal freedom, whereas the metaphysics of a ‘better consciousness’ was associated with Kant’s notion of ‘intelligible character’. 1. Kant, I. 1965, Kritika practicheskogo razuma [Critique of Practical Reason] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 ...

This article considers Lessing’s theatrical project of establishing a German National theatre aimed at founding a “school of morality” in Hamburg. In the 18th century, Hamburg was considered a stronghold of freedom in the opposition between the two forms of being — the feudal and burgher’s ones — having become a capital of the new system of values. Philosophy and arts served as a means in this struggle against dogmatism and feudal absolutism. In this ...

... as a work co-authored by I. Kant and Chr. J. Kraus, was first published under the name of the philosopher’s friend and student and later in collections of Kant’s works.It is shown that the review criticises the naturalism of Unlrich’s theory of freedom and stresses the major reason behind its failure, namely, that its author did not distinguish between the theo-retical and practical functions of consciousness. This circumstance complicates that understanding of that the same act can belong to ...

... considers the concept of necessity in the major philosophical works of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff,Immanuel Kant, August Christian Crusius and other authors, as well as their attempts at harmonizing the principle of sufficient reason with freedom. It is demonstrated that, in the 18th century, necessity was understood very broadly, it held a special place in metaphysics in general and, in particular, in such metaphysical disciplines as cosmology, psychology, theology, and also ethics. ...

... the question. This answer is agnostic but not in the empirical or scientific sense, but rather in the solely philosophical meaning of these notions. The answer to his question — regarding both the world and the human being — is infinite as human freedom of creativity. 1. Кант И. Критика практического разума. Заключение // Сочинения на немецком и русском языках: в 4 т. М., 1997. Т. 3. 2. Кант И. Критика ...