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... that appeared after the demise of the USSR. Latvia — as well as Estonia and Lithuania — is both an EU and NATO member state. However, unlike the above mentioned countries, its relations with Russia are developing at a more pragmatic level. Numerous political differences often result in economic losses both for Latvia and Russia. Despite the fact that Latvia has been an independent state for more than 20 years, there are still some unresolved issues in its relations with Russia. Today, relations ...

This author uses regionalism as a theoretical framework for analyzing the foreign policy of the Russian Federation towards the Republic of Estonia. Regionalism is interpreted as a situation, when a political leader’s beliefs change depending on what region of the world is considered. Leaders of great powers often assume that, for example, small European countries are subject to a treatment different from that of small Middle Eastern countries....

The article analyzes the development of EU — Russia energy relations through the lens of the evolution of three parameters: the political agenda (the Energy Dialogue), the institutional structure, and the legal modalities. The identification of these three aspects for assessing the evolution of EU — Russia energy relations is the novelty in the author’s approach. This study ...

... mozhet poterjat' polmilliarda evro [Employers: Latvia of sanctions against Belarus could lose half a billion euros], 2012, TUT. BY: Belorusskie i mirovye novosti: jekonomika, politika, kul'tura, sport [TUT. BY: Belarusian and world news: the economy, politics, culture, sports], 15 March, available at: news. tut. by/economics/279168.html (accessed 30 January 2013). 9. Pavuk, О. 2012, Obem tranzita mezhdu Belarus'ju i Latviej prevysil 33,8 mln.tonn [The volume of transit between Belarus and Latvia ...

This article is devoted to the issues of cross-border cooperation carried out by agents resident in the Pomeranian and Warmian-Masurian voivodeships. Among such agents there are non-governmental organizations. This article aims to identify the role of NGOs in cross-border cooperation and the predominant fields of their cooperation, as well as to assess their activity in attracting funding from European budgets. The article widely applies the results of surveys of NGOs conducted by the author, compares...

... efficiency: a mass pilot comparison, VaasaETT Global Energy Think Tank, available at: http://www. esmig.eu/press/filestor/empower-demand-report. pdf (accessed 17 January 2013). 5. Vasconcelos, J. 2009, Energy regulation in Europe: regulatory policies and politics of regulation, European review of energy markets, Vol. 3, no. 3, October, available at: http://www-55.mech. kuleuven. be/european-review-of-energymarket/EREM_9-_Comment_Jorge_Vasconcelos. pdf (accessed 17 January 2013). 6. Antimonopol'naja ...

... EURELECTRIC and Electric Power Council of the CIS, October 31, 2012, Brussels, available at: http://www. eurelectric. org/ media/ 66573/SELIVERSTOV. pdf (accessed 24 March 2013). 5. Vilemas, Ju. 2012, Improving generation capacities: Economics versus Politics, Conference The Future of Electricity Markets in Eastern Europe and Russia, Stockholm School of Economics, 14 February, 2012, available at: http://www. hhs. se/SITE/events/Documents/2 — Jurgis Vilemas — LAS. pdf (accessed 24 March 2013). ...

... p. 97—103. 13. Myrdal, G. 2006, Avbrott i eller fortsätting av den svenska traditionen. In: Sushhnost' i metamorfozy shvedskoj identichnosti [The essence of Swedish identity and metamorphosis], Moscow, p. 33—34. 14. Tiilikainen, T. 2001, The Political Implications of the EU Enlargement to the Baltic States, European University Institute Working Paper RSC, no. 1, p. 21. Kochegarova Tamara, Simonyan Renald 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-6 57-65 global challenges, regionalization, cooperation,...

... reality proved to be different. The touchstone for achieving common goals was the idea of constructing a new NPP at the site of the closed Ignalina NPP. The author concludes that the joint construction of a new NPP is quite questionable. When it comes to politics, each of the three Baltic States is ready to build its own NPP. Thus, the development of nuclear power in the Baltic Sea region requires joint coordinated actions independent of any bloc-inspired interests of the states involved. Moreover, this ...

... addition, it has an economic dimension. At the same time, the Baltic Sea region demonstrates large-scale politicisation of economic cooperation. The development of nuclear power in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea is indicative of the effectiveness of political and economic cooperation in the region. The author believes that Russia and the three Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have the economic and technological opportunities for building up cooperation in the field of energy. This points ...

... interests with those of the European states. 1. Beck, U. 2012, Zhivya v mirovom obshchestve riska i schitayas’ s nim. Kosmopolitichesky povorot [Living in and Coping with World Risk Society: The Cosmopolitan Turn], Polis. Politicheskiye nauki [Polis. Political Science], no 5, p. 47—48. 2. Bailes, J. K., Herolf, Gunila and Sundelius, Bengt (ed.), 2006, The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defense SIPRI. Oxford University Press, p. 357. 3. Occorsio, E. 2012, Slantsevyy gas: Amerika ...

This article considers the possibility of Russian integration into a common research, technological, and innovative space of the Baltic region. The author presents the results of a comparative analysis of innovative development in Russia and the Baltic Sea countries based on the calculation of an integral research and technological potential index for the Russian Federation, the Northwestern Federal District of Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia...

Through a situational approach to strategic management of regional and urban development it is possible to identify the interaction between the managerial process and mechanism; bring together the spatial and activity-related concepts of territorial development; and explain the phenomenon in question from both general and specific perspectives. Territorial development is becoming the principal object of strategic management of a region or city, its key tool being the utilization of its own good practices...

This article offers a comprehensive definition of international, cross-border, and transnational clusters. The author presents a classification of international clusters of the Baltic Sea states, and identifies cross-border and transnational clusters. The paper considers the features of international clusters in the Baltic Sea region, as well as certain cases of implementation of national and international cluster policy. A comparative analysis of the Baltic Sea region provides a basis for identifying...

Sergunin Alexander 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-4-14 124-129

... Het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens vormt een ernstige inbreuk op de democratie, NRC Handelsblad, 13 November. 5. Börzel, T. A., Pamuk, Y. 2012, Pathologies of Europeanisation: Fighting Corruption in the Southern Caucasus, Western European Politics, Vol. 35, no. 1, p. 79—97. doi: 10.1080/01402382.2012.631315. 6. Bùrca de, G. 2011, The Road not Taken: the EU as a Global Human Rights Actor, American Journal of International Law,Vol. 105, no. 4, p. 649—693. 7. Chepurina, M. 2011, Is ...

Conducting a multi-aspect comparative analysis of curricula of bachelor’s degree programmes in oceanology offered at universities in St Petersburg, Klaipeda and Kaliningrad, the authors trace similarities between the existing variants of oceanologist training in the context of competence modules, disciplines, the so-called academic practices, and the number of hours and credits stipulated in the existing curricula. A formal comparison of generalised quantitative indicators without analysing the content...

This article focuses on development of Russian-Lithuanian economic ties. The research and practical significance of this study lies in the identification of the sources of modern Russian-Lithuanian economic cooperation and the prospects of future mutually beneficial economic relations. The first attempt at establishing economic relations was made in 1919. However, young Lithuanian Republic gravitated towards the West, severing ties with the Russian market. However, the initiatives of Lithuanian authorities...

... scientists], Novosibirsk, p. 233—247. 15. Dugin, А. G. 2010, Kritika koncepta modernizacii. Konservativnyj otvet na osnovanii chetvertoj politicheskoj teorii [Criticism of the concept of modernization. The conservative answer on the basis of the Fourth Political Theory], Centr Konservativnyh Issledovanij [Center for Conservative Studies], 21 March, available at: http:// konservatizm.org/konservatizm/theory/210310203701.xhtml (accessed 26 August 2012). 16. Shtompka, P. 1996, Sociologija social'nyh izmenenij ...

This article analyses approaches to the definition of such categories as “scientific and technological potential” and “innovative potential” in view of their resource, structural, procedural and resultant components. The author gives a more accurate definition of the scientific and technological potential through identifying its resources and orientation towards transforming abilities. On the basis of the existing methods of comparative analysis used in Russia and abroad, the author proposes a methodology...

This article addresses the role of innovative centres in the development of surrounding areas beyond large cities. At the same time, the innovative development of rural areas should be of a composite nature; municipality development strategies take innovations into account. International practices serve as a an argument in favour of establishing innovative centres in smaller and medium-sized towns in order to facilitate the socioeconomic development of the territory and surrounding rural areas. Science...

Innovative activity is carried out at three levels — those of the state, region and a company or a university. This article considers the level of development of knowledge-based economy in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland at each of the three levels, as well as descripes the spatial differentiation of innovative activity within the Baltic region. The analysis is done on the basis of national and international research, as well as statistical data on the intensity...

.... Daly, H. E., Cobb, J. B. 1990, For the Common Good, London, Green Print Publishing, 95 p. 3. Hanna, S. S., Jentoft, S. 1996, Human Use of the Natural Environment: An Overview of Social and Economic Dimensions, Rights to Nature: Cultural, Economic, Political and Ecological Principles of Institutions for the Environment, Washington, D. C., Island Press, p. 35—36. 4. Mendelsohn, R., Olmstead, S. 2009, The Economic Valuation of Environmental Amenities and Disamenities: Methods and Applications, Annual ...

This article addresses the problem of definition and identification of clusters as localized mesoeconomic systems with fuzzy boundaries that stimulate the development of these systems. The author analyses the influence of the inductive approach to the formation of cluster theory and juxtaposes different typologies of clusters and other types of localized economic systems. The article offers an overview of the existing methodological approaches to the problem of cluster identification and emphasises...

This article considers the main historical stages of formation of spatial economic structure of the European countries, parts of whose territories lie within the Rhine basin. The analysis covers a protracted chronological interval from the Roman colonization until the beginning of the 20th century. The author emphasizes the role of the River Rhine in the course of territorial structure formation. This study aims to retrace the historical sequence of the formation of territorial structure of economies...

... Russia and Germany after World War I, as well as the fundamental differences in the performance of Russian imperial and Soviet consular missions in East Prussia. On the basis of the earlier unknown documents from the Central Russian archives and the Political archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Germany, the author describes the establishment of the Soviet Consulate in Königsberg in 1923 and the contribution of the first Consul of the USSR in East Prussia, Yulian Boshkovich, to the development ...

... 27—49. 2. Kreveld, van M. 2008, Transformacija vojny [Transformation of War], Moscow. 3. Schmitt, C. 2006, Teorija partizana: Promezhutochnoe zamechanie po povodu ponjatija politicheskogo [Theory of Partisan: Intermediate remark about the notion of political], Moscow. 4. Adamonis, S. 1997, Partizanų karas (strategija ir taktika), Kaunas, Belovo leidykla. 5. Bulvičius, V. 1994, Karinis valstybės rengimas, Vilnius. 6. Ginklavimo turto stovio žinios 1940 07 01. LCVA, f. 3, ap. 1, b. 256, l. 11....

... of deployment of the US anti-missile defence system in Eastern Europe. The European system of US missile defence is just one of the components of global US missile defence. This work aims to analyze possible Russia’s responses within military and political spheres. The measures proposed are divided into three subgroups: soft, medium and hard depending on the implementation of the adopted missile defence concept by the USA. This research employs the structure-system method and the method of actualization....

The paper examines flows of foreign direct investment within the Baltic region. The author demonstrates close investment ties among the EU members, which are of special importance for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Transborder corporate integration in the region is characterized by significant imbalances. In many aspects, it can be viewed as Sweden’s economic expansion or development of domestic markets for northern European companies. Although many German, Polish and Russian companies are involved...

... historiography. It is the major contribution of the article to the research on history of ideas and European diplomacy. Moreover, the subject of research is immediately connected to the problem of security in the Baltic region and the Soviet factor, as well as political stereotypes produced in this field. The author employed historical comparative and inductive types of the historical typological method. 1. Sovetskij Sojuz na mezhdunarodnyh konferencijah perioda Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny 1941—1945 gg ...

This article sets out to identify the attitude of the Danish mass media to modern Russian innovations. The research is timely because of the Russian interest in the experience of Denmark — one of the "innovation leaders" of the EU. The author analyses a number of publications on Russia in the Danish mass media. The positive image of Russian innovations in Danish periodicals is analysed against the background of historical stereotypes. The article also describes the Danish national innovation...

The authors consider the core areas of Lithuanian foreign policy. Special attention is paid to the adjustment of the major foreign policy vector, which concentrated earlier on the cooperation with the United States of America and strategic partnership with the Republic of Poland. The article analyses the attempts of Lithuanian president Dalia Grybauskaitė to formulate the so-called «new foreign policy» based on the multivector approach to the intergovernmental cooperation. This research is timely...

... Russian and Estonian discourses on the relationship between the events which took place in Tallinn in September 1944 and April 2007. Highlighting the differences between the two discourses may help Russian scholars understand the reasons behind the political decisions made by the Estonian authorities in April 2007. It accounts for the practical significance of the research conducted, since one of the most important objectives of international relations as a discipline is not to explain what decision ...

After Lithuanian accession to the European Union and NATO, a cross-party political consensus has existed regarding the state’s foreign policy objectives. Against this background, the Žalgiris national resistance movement, which was established by eminent politicians, journalists, and public figures in 2009, posed a certain ...

This article analyses the principal complex of economic and political motivations of the states of Central and Eastern Europe and the EU members related to the EU enlargement towards the East. Special attention is paid to the discussion on the reasonableness of the EU enlargement and the positions of certain EU ...

This article analyses the role of Russia — the North-West federal district — in the New North concept, which encompasses new political relations in the North of Europe in the framework of international organisations and regional cooperation — for instance, the Northern Dimension. 1. Beloborodova, I. N. 2000. POLIS, № 4, pp. 163—166. 2. V Gosdume projdet «kruglyj stol» ...

This article compares the dynamics, content and character of education system modernization in Russia, Poland, and Lithuania. It is shown that the education systems of Russia, Poland, and Lithuania differ substantially in the secondary and higher education structure, sources of financing, and strategic development directions. 1. Prognoz nauchno-tehnologicheskogo razvitija Rossijskoj Federacii na dolgosrochnuju perspektivu (proekt ot 18.12.2008 g.). [online] Available at: <mon.gov. ru/work/ nti/dok>...

From the perspective of the modern system of domestic relations facilitating the development of research and industrial potential of the country and aimed at creating the conditions for the development of science intensive industries, which extract a high surplus value, the authors consider the research and education and innovation sectors of the Republic of Lithuania — the closest neighbour of the Russian Federation in the North-West region. The analysis of competences of Lithuanian research and...

This paper assesses the level of openness of the Russian economy. It demonstrates that the openness indicators used in the Concept of Long-term Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation differ from those employed by international organisations. The paper examines the intensity of Russian trade in terms of its gross domestic product and the relatively high barriers in relation to import penetration in Russia. Methodological differences determine the differences in the analysis results...

This article presents the results of an integrated research encompassing both the study of migration processes in the South-East Baltic (volume, structure, directions) and the analysis of factors affecting migration mobility of the population as well as the assessment of migration influence on the socioeconomic development of three border territories. 1. V buduwem zhiteljam Litvy pridetsja rabotat' dol'she i tjazhelee // Sajt «Litovskaja respublika». [online] Available at: <http://www.lithuania...

... Paris. № 13, р. 41. 22. Recensemant de la population de 1999. 2000. Paris, № 75. 23. Regions in Figures. London. 2000—2007. London. 24. Scott, A. 1998. Regions and the World Economy: The Coming Shape of Global Production, Competition and Political Order. Oxford. 25. Scott, A. 2001. Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy. Oxford. 26. Shanghai Statistical Yearbook. 2007. Shanghai. 27. Statistisches Jahrbuch Frankfurt am Main, 2007. 2008. Frankfurt am Main. 28. Summary of Vital ...

Zhukovsky Igor, Nurdinova Dina 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-3-13 89-91

This article analyzes the internationalization of universities, taking part in international cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic region. The case analysis focuses on the experience of Murmansk State Technical University in the Barents Cross-Border University international project implemented together with Murmansk State Pedagogical University, the oldest university in the region, specializing in the Humanities. 1.      Larionova, M. V (ed.). 2005. Aktual'nye voprosy razvitija obrazovanija...

... Lingvisticheskoe izmerenie mi­rovoj politiki. Saint Petersburg. 7.      Joenniemi, P. (ed.). 1993. Cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region. Oxford. 8.      Kangas, A. 2007. The Knight, the Beast and Treasure: A Semiotic Inquiry into the Finnish Political Imaginary of Russia, 1918—1930s. Tampere. 9.      Khudoley, K. K. (ed.). 2004. New Security Challenges as Challenges to Peace Re­search: Proceeding of 16 th Nordic Peace Research Conference. Saint Petersburg. 10. Khudoley, K. K. ...

... on the New Mobility of People and Money. New York : New Press, 1998. 23. Susiluoto I. Pieni Pietarikirja. Helsinki: Ajatus, 2000. 24. Tynkkynen N. Action Frames of Environmental Organizations of Post — Soviet St. Petersburg // Environmental Politics. 2006. Vol. 15. No. 4. 25. Vesa U., Moeller F. Security Community in the Baltic Sea Region: Recent Debate and Recent Trends. Tampere , 2003. No. 88. 26. World International Studies Committee: URL: http://www. essex . ac. uk / ecpr/ events/wisc/index....

... Water Fra­me Detective // Transboundary Waters and Basins in the South-East Baltic (ed. B. Chu­barenko). Kaliningrad, 2008. P. 162—176. 6. Ehlers P. Marine Environment Protection — the Baltic Sea Example // Ma­rine Issues: from a Scientific, Political and Legal Perspective. Kluwer Law Interna­tional, 2002. P. 93—104. 7. Helsinki Commission. Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission. The Helsinki Convention. URL: http://www.helcom. fi/Convention/en_GB/convention/ (дата обращения: ...

This interview with two former special presidential representatives for the Kaliningrad region (Dmitry Rogozin, representing the Russian party and Gediminas Kirkilas, representing the Lithuanian party) recounts the EU-Russia negotiations on the Kaliningrad region and the enlargement of the European Union in the early 2000s. The interview provides an important assessment of the negotiations and their results and explains for the first time the role of individual European states and politicians in...

....uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_7422000/7422182.stm (12.11.2009). 25.    Эксперт : Литва не сможет самостоятельно справиться с постройкой Игналинской АЭС-2 // ПОЛИТ. РУ . 2009. 3 марта . URL : http://www.polit. ru/economy/2009/03/03/agibalov.html (12.11.2009). 26.    Communication from the commission to the european parliament, the coun­cil, the european economic and social committee and the committee of the regions concerning the European Union ...

... Понятийно-терминологический словарь. М., 1983, С. 56—60. Fedorov Gennady, Korneevets Valentin 10.5922/2079-8555-2009-2-3 26-33 region, hierarchy of regions, international regions, transnational regions, cross-border regions, political regions, economic regions, socio-cultural regions

... Lithuania lately. According to the author, the positive dynamics of Russian-Latvian and Russian-Lithuanian relations should be sustained, proceeding from the assumption that sooner or later, the logic of economic cooperation may prove stronger than political considerations. 1.      Дунда А. Иванов испугал Латвию // Бизнес & Балтия. 2008. № 127 (3498). 2.  Журнал «Балтийский курс». URL : www . baltic - course . com / Mezhevich ...