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... what its relevance is and why the figure of the other is necessary to determine it. For this purpose, texts published in the critical period and students’ lecture notes from the same period are considered. Furthermore, I will compare the treatment of ... ... Dialektik. Ein Kommentar zu Kants Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Kant, I., 1989. What is Orientation in Thinking? In: I. Kant. Political Writings. Translated by H. B. Nisbet and edited by H. S. Reiss. Cambridge: Cambridge University ...

... historical phenomenon. Even Kant’s closest followers did not turn to his interpretation of enlightenment and, indeed, were sharply critical of the phenomenon as a banal and superficial one, opposed to faith. Further transformation of the views on the Enlightenment ... ... Petersburg: pri Imperatorskoy Akademii nauk. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2014. Immaturity and the Objective of a True Reform in Ways of Thinking. Part II. Kantian Journal, 4(50), pp. 39-53. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2023. The Concept of Enlightenment in Russian ...

... “destroyer” of metaphysics, but as a thinker who laid the foundations of a new metaphysical synthesis. He set himself the task of “transforming” the Kantian philosophy into a new metaphysical system proceeding from the foundational principles of critical thinking. As a result, he managed to overcome the abstract concept of the human being characteristic of Neo-Kantians to put the concrete human in the absolute horizon of being at the focus of philosophical investigations. In his metaphysics anthropology ...

... Beliefs? Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 78, pp. 215—241. Blumberg, K. and Lederman, Н., 2021. Revisionist Reporting. Philosophical Stu­dies, 178, pp. 755—783, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01457-4 . Bowell, T., Cowan, R. and Kemp, G., 2020. Critical Thinking: A Concise Guide. 5th ed. Routledge. Demirok, Ö., 2019. Scope Theory Revisited: Lessons from pied-piping in wh-questions. PhD thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dolgorukov, V. V., 2015. Logiko-epistemicheskii status pragmaticheskikh ...

... translations or translations into other languages are viewed as interpretations and become objects of study. While Heidegger repeatedly criticizes the understanding of language as communication, and Ortega y Gasset takes a fundamentally anti-communicative position,... ... 2000. Translating Heidegger’s Works into English: The History and the Possibility. Heidegger Studies, 16. Being-historical Thinking and Fundamental Onto­lo­gy: Greek Tradition in and beyond Modern Physics, pp. 115—138. Moore, M. A., 2016. Heidegger’s ...

Altashina, V. D., 2012. From a ‘Weak Heddle’ to a ‘Thinking Reed’: On the History of Translations of Pascal’s Thoughts. Review RHGA, 13(4), pp. 105-112. (In Rus.) Cassirer, ... ... Provincial Letters. New York: The Modern Library, pp. 3-321. Schelling, F. W. J., 1980. Philosophical Letters on Dogmatism and Criticism. In: F. W. J. Schelling, 1980. The Unconditional in Human Knowledge. Four Early Essays (1794—1796). Translation and ...

....narod.ru/index . htm [Accessed 20 November 2023] (in Russ.). Landow, G., 1992. Hypertext. The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology. Baltimore . Lanham, R. A., 1993. The Electronic Word: Democracy, Technology, and the Arts.... ... Chi­cago; London. Lotman, Yu. M., 1996. Vnutri myslyashchikh mirov. Chelovek — tekst — semiosfera — istoriya [Inside thinking worlds. Man — text — semiosphere — history]. Moscow (in Russ.). Manovich, L ., 2001 . The Language of New Media ...

This paper critically addresses the unwitting gender oppression underpinning Kant’s anthropological and legal approach to domestic labour,... ... Gruyter. Davis, A., 1983. Women, Race & Class. New York: Vintage Books. Deyo, D., 2016. Jane Austen and the economic way of thinking. International Journal of Pluralism and Economics Education, 7(2), pp. 170-182. Foucault, M., 2008. Introduction to Kant’s ...

... Rus.) Grunebaum, J. O., 2000. Autonomous Ownership. In: P. Vallentyne and H. Steiner, eds. 2000. Left-Libertarianism and Its Critics: The Contemporary Debate. New York: Palgrave, pp. 48-73. Kahn, S. J. M., 2022. Kant and the Duty to Promote One’s Own ... ... Schneewind. Ethics, 109(1), pp. 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1086/233873 Korsgaard, C. M., 2013. Personhood, Animals, and the Law. Think, 12(34), pp. 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477175613000018 Krouglov, A. N., 2025. Kant and Hegel: Natural Law or Philosophy ...

....08.2025). Babich, B., 2025b. Truth, Lie and Nietzsche’s ‘Hinzugedichtetes’: Nietzsche and AI. In: H. Bajohr, ed. 2025. Thinking with AI. London: Open Humanities Press, pp. 147-181. Babich, B. and Cohen, R. S., 1999a. Nietzsche, Epistemology and ... ... Science: Nietzsche and the Sciences II. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Babich, B. and Cohen, R. S., 1999b. Nietzsche, Theories of Knowledge and Critical Theory: Nietzsche and the Sciences I. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Baumgartner, J., 2005. Kant und Nietzsche über das Erkenntnissubjekt....

In 1836, Peter Chaadaev in his private letter to Alexander Turgenev mentioned that the French thinker Alexis de Tocqueville had stolen from him a “deep thought” that the point of departure of peoples determined their fate. Russian and foreign scholars interpreted these words differently, trying to assess the seriousness of Chaadaev’s reproach. The article explores the history of the expression ‘le point de départ’ and the use of it in the works by Tocqueville (“Democracy in America”) and Chaadaev...

... Petersburg.: “Soyuz” Publishing House (in Russ.). Alexeeva, I. S., 2008. The current state of translation theory in Russia (critical re­view). Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta [Bulletin of S. Petersburg University], (9) 1, pp. 26—38 (in Russ.... ... Amster­dam/Phi­ladelphia: John Benjamins. pp. 279—288. Pym, A., 1993. Epistemological problems in translation and its teaching: A seminar for thinking students. Caminade. Pym, A., 2003. Redefining Translation Competence in an Electronic Age. Meta, 48 (4), pp. 481—497....

... socio-cognitive processes. MonTI, Special Iss. 1: Minding Translation, pp. 331—353. Rojo Lopez, A. M. and Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I. (eds.), 2013. Cognitive Linguistics and Translation. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Rushdie, S., 1992. Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981—1991. London: Granta. Snell-Hornby, M., Pöchhacker, F. and Kaindl, K. (eds.), 1994. Translation Studies: An Interdiscipline. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Snell-Hornby, M., 2006. The Turns of Translation Studies. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Toury,...

..., 1988. Rol' chelovecheskogo faktora v yazyke. Yazyk i myshlenie [The role of the human factor in the language. Language and Thinking]. Moscow. 2. Novodranova, V. F., 2009. Category of linguistic personality in language for special purposes. In: I. Yu.... ... Sitten»). Cand. philol. sci. diss. Kaliningrad. 13. Chernenok, I. G., 2008. "Freedom": a concept and an image in the critical discourse of I. Kant. In: E. Yu. Vaganova et al., eds. Aktual'nye problemy lingvistiki, pedagogiki i metodiki prepodavaniya ...

... of ancient russian art. Iskusstvo [Art], 1, pp. 64—70. 3. Alpatov, M. V., 1979. The “Crucifixion” of Dionysius. In: Etyudy po vseobschey istorii iskusstv. Izbrannye iskusstvovedcheskie raboty [Studies on the general history of art. Selected art criticism works]. Moscow. pp. 167—183. 4. Bychkov, V. V., 1992. Russkaya srednevekovaya estetika XI—XVII vekov [Russian medieval aesthetics XI—XVII centuries]. Moscow. p. 637. 5. Bekker, L. M., 1998. Psikhika i real’nost’. Edinaya teoriya psikhicheskikh ...

The interpretation of Kant’s philosophy by thinkers in pre-Soviet Belarus has been the subject of not a few publications. They described the reception of his seminal ideas, the analysis, polemic and occasionally sharp criticism of these ideas. It is helpful now to look at Kantian studies beginning from the 1920s to the present time. I will show that immediately after the October 1917 revolution and until the 1930s interest in Kant’s teaching was waning. When they ...

Among the most peculiar traits of Kant’s critical philosophy is the contention that, while we can know our moral maxims and can thus reflect on our actions from a moral ... ... Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 211-230. Khurana, Th., 2019. ‘I Do not Cognize Myself through Being Conscious of Myself as Thinking’: Self-Knowledge and the Irreducibility of Self-Objectification in Kant. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 49 (7), pp....

... discursive thought. Taking Kant’s lead, but in contrast to his terminology, I call really existent singularities, including the thinking, knowing, desiring, feeling unique individuals we know as human beings, spontaneities, in order to distinguish them from ... ....: Vittorio Klostermann. Schueller, H. M., 1955. Immanuel Kant and the Aesthetics of Music. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 14(2), pp. 218-247. Spinoza, B., 1985. The Complete Works of Spinoza. Volume I. Edited by E. Curley. Princeton: Princeton ...

Some ideas expressed in the collective monograph Universality in Morality (2020), edited by Ruben Apressyan, are here critically examined. The book is based on the results of a large-scale study by professional ethical philosophers devoted to the ... ... Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, pp. 9-30. Hare, R. M., 1963. Freedom and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hare, R. M., 1981. Moral Thinking. Its Levels, Method, and Point. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hegel, G. W. F., 1991. Elements of the Philosophy of Right. ...

... Wasserman, D., 2015. Debating Procreation: Is It Wrong to Reproduce? Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bojanowski, J., 2018. Thinking About Cases. The European Journal of Philosophy, 26(4), pp. 1253-1268. Carson, R., 1962. Silent Spring. Boston: Houghton ... ... 280-299. O’Neill, O., 1988. Consistency in Action. In: P. Guyer, ed. 1988. Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: Critical Essays. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 105-132. Overall, C., 2012. Why Have Children? The Ethical Debate. Cambridge: ...

... Neukantianismus. Hildesheim: Olms, pp. 226-269. Noras, A., 2020. Geschichte des Neukantianismus. Bern: Peter Lang. Rickert, H., 1899. Fichtes Atheismusstreit und die kantische Philosophie. Berlin: Reuther & Reichard. Semyonov, V. Ye., 2022. Constructive Thinking in the Critical Philosophy of Hermann Cohen. Kantian Journal, 41(3), pp. 76-101. (In Rus.) Stolzenberg, J., 2002. Fichte im Neukantianismus. Probleme der Fichte-Rezeption bei Wilhelm Windelband, Heinrich Rickert, Hermann Cohen und Paul Natorp. In: R. Alexy, ...

... the properties of this nature. It is widely believed that Kant’s ethical theology eliminates the divine nature of the archetype by stating that an entirely holy will cannot be a moral example for the infirm human will. Kant however says, merely as a critical philosopher, that there are not enough rational grounds for thinking divine nature. Rational philosophy can think the archetype of perfection only as its pure and whole moral attitude through all the maxims and acts. Philosophy would transcend its boundaries if it claimed more and expected recognition of the prototypical ...

... 湖南教育出版社 Hunan daxue chubanshe [Hunan Educational Press]. Deng, X., 1998. 灵魂之旅 Linghun zhi lü [Journey of the Soul]. Wuhan: 湖北人民出版社 Hubei renmin chubanshe [Hubei People’s Press]. Deng, X. 2001. 新批判主义 Xin pipan zhuyi [New Criticism]. Beijing: 北京大学出版社 Beijing daxue chubanshe [Peking University Press]. Deng, X., 2005. 徜徉在思想的密林里 Paihuai zai sixiang de milin li [Wanderings in the Thicket of Thought]. Jinan: 山东友谊出版社 Shandong youyi ...

... Behind a Screen...”: Alexander Blok and Andrei Bely. In: I. N. Griftsova and N. A. Dmitrieva, 2010. Neokantianstvo nemetskoe i russkoe: mezhdu teoriej poznaniya i kritikoj kul’tury [German and Russian Neo-Kantianism: Between Theory of Knowledge and Criticism of Culture]. Мoscow: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), pp. 484-499. Krouglov, A. N., 2018. Der Streit der russischen Marxisten um Kants Ethik. Studies in East European Thought, 70, pp. 249-261. Krouglov, A. N., 2020. Discussion about ...

... Philosophical Quarterly, 61(242), pp. 184-186. Dahlstrom, D., 2018. Truth, Knowledge, and “the Pretensions of Idealism”: A Critical Commentary on the First Part of Mendelssohn’s Morning Hours. Kant-Studien, 109(2), pp. 329-351. Descartes, R., 1996.... ... 1998. Kantian Humility: Our Ignorance of Things in Themselves. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Longuenesse, B., 2008. Kant’s “I think” versus Descartes’ “I am a Thing that Thinks”. In: D. Garber and B. Longuenesse, eds. Kant and the Early Moderns....

... part of this article; the second part examines the novel features that Kant brings to the interpretation of this concept in the critical period. In the Critique of Practical Reason these include the questions of manifestation of Gesinnung in the world, apprehended ... ... Kant’s concept of Gesinnung into Russian (aspiration, inclination, intention, virtue, virtuousness, conviction, attitude, mode of thinking, thoughts, mood, disposition and umonastroenie), the author comes to the conclusion that the uniform variant umonastroenie ...

... romantic doctrine of "new mythology" and aestheticisation of life, the discovery of a fragment as a way of poetic thinking became topical in contemporary debates about reality, knowledge, human being and society. 1. Бодрийяр Ж. Символический ... ... 2006. 11. Lacoue-Labarthe Ph., Nancy J.-L. The literary absolute. N.Y., 1988. 12. Norris Ch. What’s wrong with postmodernism: critical theory and the ends of phi­losophy. Baltimore, 1990. 13. Welsch W. Undoing aesthetics. L., 1997.

The article broaches the issue of Kant’s claim of the enlightenment of the philosophizing subject by tracing his criticism of philosophical enthusiasm (“Schwärmerei”). For Kant intellectual intuition (“intellektuelle Anschauung”) serves in case of philosophical enthusiasm as a reason for the justification of philosophical knowledge. This determination is ...

... Nikoljukin, Moscow, 477 p. 17. Skatov, N. N. 2000. N. N. Strakhov (1828—1896), Strakhov, N. N. Literaturnaja kritika [Literary Criticism], St Petersburg, p. 3—41. 18. Strakhov, N. N. 1895. Anglijskaja psihologija [English psychology], Filosofskije ... ... [Philosophical Essays], St Petersburg, p. 374—427. 20. Strakhov, N. N. 1895. Glavnaja cherta mishlenija [The main feature of thinking], Filosofskije ocherki [Philosophical Essays], St Petersburg, p. 100—122. 21. Strakhov, N. N. 1906. O vremeni [About ...

... modern interpretation of Kant] // Neokantianstvo nemezkoje i russkoje: meshdu teoriej poznanija i kritikoj kulturi / pod red. I. N. Grifzovoj, N. A. Dmitrievoj. M., 2010. S. 56—66. [Neo-Kantianism German and Russian: between the theory of knowledge and criticism of culture / ed. IN Griftsova, NA Dmitrieva. Moskow 2010. P. 56—66]. 3. Kant I. Kritika prakticheskogo razuma [Critique of Practical Reason] // I. Kant. Soch. v 4-ch tomach na nem. i rus. jazikach. Podgotovleni k izdaniju N. Motroshilovoj ...

... the progress of knowledge. The Russian philosopher strives to develop an original philosophical structure that just partially transcends the Neo-Kantian school. He is strongly influenced by the phenomenological movement, although expressing certain criticism thereof. The author draws a parallel between Se-semann’s ideas and Nicolai Hartmann’s conception, which makes it possible to classify the Russian philosopher as a post-Neo-Kantianist. The works of Andrey Noras have popularised the term ‘post-neo-Kantianism’ ...

... kritika nasilija v mezhdunarodnom prave. Politologicheskaja perspektiva. Per. s nem. A. S. Zil'bera [The Legitimation and the Criticism of Violence in International Law. A political science perspective], in: Kantovskij sbornik [Kant’s Compendium]. 2013.... ... Nesovershennoletie i zadacha istinnogo preobrazovanija obraza myshlenija [Immaturity and the Objective of a True Reform in Ways of Thinking], in: Kantovskij sbornik [Kant’s Compendium]. No. 49(а), 50(б). 15. Salikov, А. N. 2013, Mirnyj proekt I. Kanta ...

... interpretation given by David Carr, who attached a merely methodological significance to the concept of the ‘transcendental’. Within this interpretation, this paper considers the problem of differences between the ontological aspects of Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy and Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology, since most interpreters consider these two thinkers the most prominent exponents of transcendental philosophy. The differences in the ontological aspects are interpreted based on the similarities ...

... deviation of rules regulating the actions of a human being from their principle of morality. The author analyses the factors underlying the “predisposition” to evil. It is emphasised that Kant measures wickedness not by deeds but solely by the way of thinking. The author discusses the question as to whether the intelligible good, i. e. the critical verification of rules regulating the actions against the categorical imperative, necessarily entail the empirically good. The conclusion is made that, in Kant’s works, the problem of evil is transferred from the empirical to noumenal sphere,...

... between the concepts of practical philosophy and philosophical practice or ‘concrete philosophy’. If practical philosophy is ethics, philosophical practice is pedagogy. Thus, the Russian philosopher spares no effort to develop a pedagogical theory criticizing, at the same time, Natorp’s position for reducing pedagogy to ethics. The author believes that the later works of Hessen set an example of the evolution of the understandingof the key importance of religion for the solidity of a philosophical ...

... world. The Neo-Kantian gives the lost connection to the sensible intuition back to aesthetics thus linking its significance to the field of the individual, inimitable, and singular manifestation of thecreative spirit. He sees the completion of Kant’s critical philosophy in the psychological bases of subjectivity of consciousness aimed at understanding the patterns of the scientific, moral, and artistic cognition. In the context of history of transcendentalism, art is perceived as a form of spiritualcreativity ...

... his theoretical evolution: while in “Essay on Transcendental Philosophy” (1790) he had generally agreed with the definitions given to them by Kant, in “Essay Towards a New Logic or Theory of Thought” (1794) he already accomplished a detailed criticism of Kant’s differentiation between analytic and synthetic judgments. According to Maimon, the definition given to analytic judgments by Kant deprived these judgments of the status of thinking at all, since it reduced them to the extraction of something, which the thinking had already ins erted in to the concept, from the same concept. Maimon proposed his own formulation of the difference between analytic and synthetic judgments, based ...

The article reviews the foundation and development of the concept of the Russian Idea in the Russian philosophical and social thinking, its main definitions, content, as well as critics. The significance of development of national identity and cultural self-determination for effective intercultural communi-cation is pointed out. Besides, the role of the Russian Idea as a Russian nation specific component, forming the national ...

... possibility of its formation under certain pedagogical conditions. The development of educational and research culture is planned in view of certain features of the Kaliningrad region through introduction of research problems and development of students’ critical thinking. The authors used a number of pedagogical conditions for the development ofeducational and research culture for the successful application of the regional component. 1. Богатенкова Н. В., Муштавинская И. В. Технология ...

This article considers the reception of the liberal concept of freedom in Russian conservatism as exemplified by K. N. Leontyev and L. A. Tikhomirov. Reasoning in the framework of Russian philosophical organicism, each philosopher insists on his own approach to analysing social phenomena. It is shown that Leontyev, in line with naturalistic aestheticism, sharply criticises the philistine ideal triumphing through the implementation of the liberal interpretation of freedom. Tikhomirov, under the influence...