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... those of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff, his main philosophical opponent — Christan August Crusius, and Immanuel Kant. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the differences between these perspectives and identify the philosophical problems arising from the Principle of sufficient reason in metaphysics and practical philosophy. 1. Вольф Хр. Разумные мысли о Боге, мире и душе человека, а также о всех вещах вообще, сообщенные ...

... philosophical theory of religion” are one of the four surviving manuscripts of Kant’s lectures on rational theology. The Lectures include an introduction, two parts, and an appendix. The introduction contains an overview of the basic questions and problems of rational theology, namely: the concept of theology, arts of natural theology, the idea of highest essence, possible types of arguments for the existent of God and their limitations etc. The first part is called “Transcendental theology”....

... XX century. 2007. URL: http://spot.colorado.edu/~rhanna/kant_in_the_twentieth_century_proofs_dec07.pdf (дата обращения: 01.03.2014). 15. Kant I. Gesammelte Schriften. Berlin, 1900. Bd. 18, S. 23, Refl. 4900. 16. Prauss G. Kant und das Problem der Dinge an sich. Bonn, 1974. 17. Rohlf M. Immanuel Kant. 2010. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ (дата обращения: 01.032014). 18. Sellars W. Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes. L. ; N. Y., 1968. ...

... 169—179. 8. Фохт Б. А. Избранное (из философского наследия). М., 2003. 9. Holzhey H. Der Neukantianismus // Philosophie im 20. Jahrhundert : in 2 Bdn.Hamburg, 1992. Bd. 1. S. 19—51. 10. Natorp P. Philosophie. Ihr Problem und ihre Probleme. Einführung in den kritischen Idealismus. Göttigen, 1911. 11. Natorp P. Philosophische Systematik. Hamburg, 1958.

... reality by a citizen capable of self-determination is considered against the background of Rousseau’s ideas, who defended the right of people to revolution. The reconstruction of Kant’s position is followed by a discussion of possible theoretical problems relating to the implementation of this project. It isstressed that the project can function only when the interests of government and citizen coincides. Russian history is addressed to illustrate that even “common interests” of the ruler ...

A thorough analysis of the structure of the treatise constituting the first Critique and its comparison with the analogous structure of the second and third Critiques show that the Critique of Pure Reason lacks such an important element as the antinomy of pure theoretical reason. Of course, it is implied in the text: Kant’s reasoning is based on it and takes it into account. However, it is not explicitly expressed. Instead of this crucial structural element, which would significantly simplify the...

The analysis of Rawls’ anthropological model, underlying his theory of justice, reveals its complex basis: on one hand, it is an attempt to attach broader and deeper Kantian philosophical foundations to “rational egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions and opening a possibility for happiness, connects Rawls’ theory to Aristotle’s virtue...

... important facts that prevent the success of the so called "ontological argument": 1) the use of the concept of existence as a real predicate and 2) the confusion of de re and de dicto modalities. The article considers a way to overcome the former problem proposed by the Czech logician Pavel Tichý. 1. Ансельм Кентерберийский. Сочинения / пер. с лат. М., 1995. 2. Горбатова Ю. В. Модальный аргумент Алвина Плантинги: ...

This article is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” and the preceding polemic over ontological argument is analyzed. 1. Descartes R. Razmyshlenija o pervoj filosofii // Descartes R. Sochinenija : v 2 t. М., 1994. Т. 2. S. 3—417. 2. Yermolaev V. K. Argumentacija Kanta...

... The responsible institutions and publishers do not react to information regarding even the most obvious shortcomings and mistakes that could be easily corrected, while the plans for future reprints are based predominantly on commercial interests. The problems of unification of orthography, correction of mistakes in recent reprints, incorrect abbreviations of names, differences in printed editions are discussed in detail. 1. Кассирер Э. Жизнь и учение Канта. СПб., 1998....

... protivnikam // Vvedenskij A. I. Stat'i po filosofii. SPb., 1996. S. 110—135. 3. Vvedenskij A. I. O vidah very v ee otnoshenii k znaniju // Vvedenskij A. I. Stat'i po filosofii. SPb., 1996. 4. Pasternak B. Vozdushnye puti. M., 1982. 5. Sezeman-Kovno V. K probleme chistogo znanija // Logos. 2006. № 6 (57). 6. Sezeman V. Racional'noe i irracional'noe v sisteme filosofii // Logos. M., 1911. Kn. 1. 7. Jakovenko B. V. Tridcat' let russkoj filosofii (1900—1929) // Jakovenko B. V. Moshh' filosofii. SPb....

... Philosophie-Geschichte // Kant-Studien. 1958/59. № 50. S. 240—244. 21. Brelage M. N. Hartmann. Kleinere Schriften. Bd. 3 : Von Neukantianismus zur Ontologie // Kant-Studien. 1958/59. № 53. S. 107—111. 22. Bryushinkin V. Kant, Frege and the Problem of Psychologism // Kant-Studien. 1999. № 90. S. 59—74. 23. Bryuschinkin W. Kants Philosophie und moderne Logik. Eine Tagung in Swetlogorsk // Kant-Studien. 1994. № 85. S. 85. 24. Call for Papers: Kaliningrad 2004 // Kant-Studien. 2003....

... antinomy of moral and legal principles, which reproduces the conflict between Roman naturalistic legal theory and the contractual philosophy of natural law. The author also considers the ways to overcome this antinomy, as well as ensuing solutions to the problems relating to the legal foundations and the subject of family law. 1. Кант И. Метафизика нравов // Соч. : в 6 т. М., 1965. Т. 4, ч. 2. 2. Кант И. Основоположение к метафизике нравов ...

... that the legitimation of cosmopolitism is of rather cultural than political nature. Liberal cultural pluralism based on universal political and legal principles (Kant and Rawls) proves to be insufficient. However, it provides the means to solve the problems and to avoid the extremes of cultural cosmopolitism, such as the European “negative identity”, juridification, and new modern forms of identity-centred political moralism akin to the “hyperdemocracy of the masses”. 1. Бек У. Власть ...

The article examines the following problems: 1) How well-founded is the comparison of the ideas of Kant's treatise «Towards Perpetual Peace», written in late XVIII century, with the implementation of nowadays project of European Union? 2) If such parallels are possible, to what extent ...

Kant insisted on the inherent unity of a priori and empirical elements of cognition. To what extent further progress of philosophy and exact sciences confirmed (or modified) original Kant ideas? I'm inclined to judge that apriorism in its modest version does not contradict a modest type of empiricism. Real practice of logical and mathematical reasoning provides pry conjunctions of a priori and empirical elements of cognitive processes. We can find the harmonic combinations of mentioned standpoints...

... ethical idea of the absolute unity of personality, as well as the accent on “pleasure” as the necessary subjective goal of marital union, which leads the moralist an the philosopher of law upon a false trail, cannot provide a real solution of the problem. The naturalistic premise, in consequence of which the meaning of love is conceived in terms of pleasure, perpetuates the Roman contractualism in matrimonial law by understanding marriage as an external relation of persons, and prepares the soil ...

All three meanings of the notion "thing-initself" (object, subject and the transition between them), despite the evident opposition, constitutes the object of the central problem of philosophy in Kant's system. Kant is an innovator in both posing and answering the question. This answer is agnostic but not in the empirical or scientific sense, but rather in the solely philosophical meaning of these notions. The answer to ...

... arguments in favour of the consistency of Kant's table of judgements. 1. Hegel G. W. F. Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse.Bd. 1: Wissenschaft der Logik // Werke. Bd. 10. Frankfurt/M, 1983. 2. Heidegger, Martin. Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik. Frankfurt/М, 1998. 3. Kant I. Vorlesungen über Philosophische Enzyklopädie // Gesammelte Schriften (Akademie Ausgabe). Bd. 29. 4. Kant I. Critique of Judgement. Digireads. com Publishing, 2010. 5. Kant I. Critique of Pure ...

... were written while the authors were living abroad. Due to this, each of them viewed their countries from the outside. Through travel narration, which, to a high degree, is also the narration of a voyage through the kingdom of death, they describe the problems of their countries. All the above-mentioned factors help to establish the imagery connection to the works of Cervantes and Dante.

... the research methodology of the mental lexicon and language consciousness. Most studies of language consciousness do not differ in any significant way from studies of the mental lexicon, and this is not recognized or is hushed up by their authors. The problem of their differentiation is connected with the definition of language consciousness. The author of the article defines it as a psycholinguistic concept that shows how the internal and external factors for the functioning of a language as a human ...

The article siscusses the works on the psychological support for people with an oncological diagnosis, namely, with breast cancer. The range of psychological research and therapeutic practices is narrowed to the study of the features of cognitive functions characterized by deficiency. Also in the work, based on the research results available to date, the hypothesis of the presence of cognitive deficits is put forward and theoretically substantiated even before the oncological diagnosis.

The article examines the problematic issues of teaching medical students during the COVID 19 pandemic. In total, 73 students of the 6th year of the medical institute took part in an online training. Instead of three levels of teaching, typical for the “Pain management” course, two were left, i. e., “Theoretical knowledge” and simulation online training “The Interview”. In the end of the course the students were to take an anonymous questionnaire to meet their achievement needs. The research has proved...

The article discusses the specifics of connection between codependency and young women’s understanding of abusive, romantic and marital relationships and clarifies the specific judgments about violent behavior in partnerships among women with high codependency. The study relies on 110 responses from women aged from 19 to 30. The free associations methods, the scale of codependency of B. K. Weinhold and J. B. Weinhold, the questionnaire of interpersonal relations of W. Schutz, the author’s semi-structured...

... electronic search based on keywords, manual search in journals, conference proceedings and dissertations for the period from 2010 to 2022. The research activity in this field tends to become more dynamic, and the priority of research interest in the problems of general music education for visually impaired children is identified. The main thematic areas are shown: methodological support for teaching music to the blind and visually impaired in professional and pre-professional education; general music ...

... Logical Language Analysis: Language Humour Tools. Moscow, 2007. P. 5—17 (in Russ.). 2. Cambridge Dictionary. Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ [accessed 15 April 2022]. 3. Chernyavskaya V. E. Discourse of power and the power of discourse: Problems of speech influence. Moscow, 2006 (in Russ.). 4. Collins. Available at: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/ [accessed 15 April 2022]. 5. Dilts R. Sleight of mouth: The magic of conversational belief change. Saint Petersburg, 2015. 6. Donald Trump....

The article deals with the issue of reception the German literature in Syria in the general context of German-Arab literary relations. It has been established that now the problem of German literature perception among the Arabic language speakers is relevant. Syria is not considered to be a center for translation of works into Arabic, though the number of translators and publishers popularizing German literature in Syria ...

... empirical material of three languages: Russian, English, and German. The study relies on observation, analysis, synthesis, generalization, content analysis, as well as the comparative method allow expanding the scope of research on the technol­ogy and problems of translating a special text and formulate recommendations for the translator.

The authors study the issue of acausal semantic coincidences (synchro­nicity) for the first time as omens of war in the Russian linguocultural tradi­tion. The semiotic structure of omens is shown, and models of transformations of situational semantics in their signifier and signified are revealed. In partic­ular, symbolic substitutions are possible in the signifier, and a sequence of metonymic shifts in the causal field of war in the signified. In general, the phenomenon of synchronicity, considered...

The article analyses the genre of the autobiographical novel by Vl. Maksimova in the context of the spiritual tradition and in connection with the typology of literary heroes. The study reveals closeness of the novel-confession “Farewell from Nowhere” to the semantic form of “confession-deed” (M. Bakhtin), embodied in the ancient Russian “Teachings” by Vladi­mir Monomakh. The type of hero-protagonist is determined by the spiritual movement he makes along the path of personal repentance and gaining...

.... Frankfurt a/M, 1989. S. 173—186. 18. Wenk R. Slawische Personennamen in Rundfunk und Fernsehen // Sprechen. 1998. № 16/2. S. 34—43. 19. Wenk R. Zu den Schwierigkeiten bei der Eindeutschung slawischer Namen und geographischer Bezeichnungen // Probleme und Perspektiven sprechwissen­schaftlicher Arbeit. Frankfurt a/M, 2006. S. 147.

Federal standards, developed for students with special educational needs, have secured a differentiated approach as one of the most important postulates. In practice, when assessing the educational results of students with disabili­ties, teachers are faced with many problematic situations. Adaptation of such programs involves certain alignment, and a special evaluation system, which considers the specifics of the mental operations, perception, memory, develop­ment of speech functions, the pace of...

The paper describes some aspects of English loanwords top- and VIP- in the modern Russian language. The morphological status of the components depends on their derivative value in the donor language (analytical adjective, prefixoid) or according to the derivational model of the recipient language (ra­dixoid, affixoid, root). It is substantiated that the prepositive component top- acts as a sociopragmatic marker with the value of the highest position held by the compared objects in various ratings...

... idi­oms of the languages of unrelated families is revealed, but also the factors that determine the difference in the semantic charge of both nuclear and differential semes. The proposed corpus of illustrative material allows us to solve a num­ber of problems of the national-cultural field of phraseological units of the Russian, French and German languages, to determine the universal and na­tional-specific features of the phraseology of these languages, to reveal the pe­culiarities of the worldview ...

... scientific discours­es: scientific thinking into poetry. Based on two poems (Dom filozofa by Czesław Miłosz and The Painter Dreaming in the Scholar’s House by How­ard Nemerov), the author examines the possibilities of thinking about cogni­tive problems in the space of poetry. Reincarnating as their characters (philos­opher and artist), Miłosz and Nemerov work in the subject area of professional cognitive scientists, they reproduce the process of analytical thinking. The article studies ...

... the key tool used by speakers to reach their communicative goals in a conversation. This is espe­cially the case when phrases with negative meaning are concerned. The possi­ble influence of gender on prosody of demands seems to be a research-worthy problem. The article describes the experiment which included locating the key syllables of the phrases, measuring fundamental frequency (F0), sound inten­sity (volume) and syllable duration and analyzing the acquired data. This study provides F0, volume ...

... герметической философии. Старшие арканы Таро. СПб., 1997. 18. Эсхил. Трагедии. М., 2001. 19. Hölderlin. Werke und Briefe : in 2 Bnd. Frankfurt a/M, 1969. 20. Lucacs G. Der junge Hegel und die Probleme der kapitalistischen Gesellschaft. Zürich ; Wien, 1948. 21. Muschg W. Tragische Literaturgeschichte. München, 1983.

... providing life-long education and is directly related to the formation of literacy competencies reflected in Federal State Educational Standards 3++. The article describes the components of discourse in its so­cio — and pragma-linguistic aspects and the problems of academic and sci­entific communication of students including the ones which arise when in­formation and communication technologies are used for the purposes of the discourse. Meta-subject, linguistic, operational, critical, and cultural ...

The article is devoted to the transformation of contemporary Russian art-media discourse, manifested in a change in the genre-speech presentation of such an institutional characteristic as evaluative. Authors believe that the modern art-media discourse is aimed at broadcasting the evaluation of art­works and at including the addressee in the multistage evaluation process and imposing its results. The inception stage of assessment acquaints the audience with the work, forms a basic evaluation, and...

... autoconceptoenestudiantescolombianos // Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte. 2020. № 59. P. 27—44. 18. Rogalski J. P., Roscoe E. M., Fredericks D. W., Mezhoudi N. Negative reinforcer magnitude manipulations for treating escape‐maintained problem behavior // Jour­nal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 2020. Vol. 53 (3). P. 1514—1530. 19. Šporčić B., Glavak-Tkalić R. The relationship between online gaming motiva­tion, self-concept clarity and tendency toward problematic gaming // Cyberpsy­chology: ...

... Word-building patterns correspond to the productive models of the Rus­sian language (stem composition and suffixes for nouns; prefixes for adjec­tives) and are the result of word-building play. The purpose of such units is to focus on current social problems, reflect on the attitude to the problem of the pandemic and lockdown, and also have an emotional impact on the addressee. 1. Буцева Т. Н., Зеленин А. В. Лексикография в ситуации неологического ...

... 12 : Традиции и тенденции в современ­ной грамматической науке / под общ. ред. Г. А. Золотовой. М., 2005. С. 168—177. 19. Hausenblas K. Zu einigen Grundfragen der Texttheorie // Probleme der Text­grammatik II. Berlin, 1977. S. 49—68.

The article contains a short history of the term “romance” and the genre of Russian romance, describes the problems of studying the romance. Russian romance is presented as a social-cognitive construct with a particular set of historically and culturally conditioned cognitive indicators. A comparative analysis of the texts of the Russian romance and Russian ...

... the literary text. I pay particular attention both to the re-creation of elements of mythological origin in the context of the novel and to new semantic meanings emerging through the reconsideration of the myth in the mind of the author. I address the problem of defining the genre of the novel, which has not yet received a single identification in the literature. My analysis shows that, in the novel, mythopoetics is a means to create a metaphorical image of reality. The theme of the text and its key ...

... of both the structure of a threat and its linguistic markers. Threats are frequently used in contemporary po­litical discourse, which is gov­erned by norms and conventions. The radicaliza­tion of communication is a re­sult of social and economic problems as well as geopo­litical conflicts. This pa­per analyses what forms the speech act of threat can take in the political dis­courses of two Europe­an countries: Germany and Spain. It attempts to identi­fy similarities and structural differences ...

This article considers career advancement opportunities of teaching staff in the framework of the Education national project. The role of the teacher and an innovative vision of the teacher’s professional competency are analysed. The stages of teaching career are identified and described alongside conditions for career advancement and movement up and along the career ladder. 1. Аврамкова И. С. К вопросу о кризисе образования в современной России // Известия Российского государственного педагогического...

... "localization" as a linguistic and cultural adaptation of software texts. Vestnik VSU. Series: linguistics and intercultural communication, No. 1, pp. 83—87 (in Russ.). 7. Shadrin V. I., 2015. Localization of the information text and the problem of dehumanization of the translator's activity. Gerd A. S., Nikolaev I. S., eds. Structural and Applied Linguistics: Interuniversity Collection. St. Petersburg, Publishing house of S.-Petersburg. University, iss. 11, pp. 50—59 (in Russ.). 8....

... Se­bald's works exemplified by his novels “The Rings of Saturn” and “Auster­litz”. The relevance of the study of the intermediary component, the photo­graphic one, in the novels of the German writer is confirmed by the abundance of works on this problem written by Western literary critics. Early novels of W. G. Sebald have been studied in more detail. Photography performs an illus­trative function in them. In “The Ring of Saturn” and “Austerlitz” the sig­nificance of visual inserts ...

... teaching a foreign language to visually impaired students. The target questions include the acquisition of meaning, concept development, as well as interpersonal and cross-cultural communication. The author proposes optional ways of overcoming these problems during foreign language lessons for visually impaired students in specialized schools of types III—IV. 1. Буданова Л. Б. Построение модели инновационного образовательного учреждения ...

The article draws attention to the problem of inclusive education of disa­bled students. The analysis of statistical data, as well as research in the field of inclusive education in different regions of Russia (Moscow, Kaluga, Kostro­ma, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Samara regions and the Caucasus) ...