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... to an active discussion in the pages of scientific journals. The discussion focused on the ideas expressed in the work On the Limits and Characteristics of Becoming Conscious, which was published in the form of theses in book 16 book of the journal Problems of Philosophy and Psychology. Trough formulating the law of the absence of objective evidence of becoming consciousness, Vvedensky did not only raise issues relating to philosophy of mind but also pointed to the growing contradictions in Russian ...

... original legal interpretation of the idea of socialization of means of production. Kistyakovsky sees the capitalist form of economic organization as a form of ‘economic anarchy’ and a major obstacle to the mission of achieving social justice. This problem is solved through withdrawing all means of production from the realm of private law, which should be compensated for by the extension of public legal rights. It is concluded that it is possible to correlate B. A. Kistyakovsky’s social and philosophical ...

... language as a heterogeneous structure in the realm of interactions between the ‘semiotic’ understood as a pre-linguistic condition of instinctive drives and the ‘symbolic’ manifested in socially oriented identification and discursive practices. The problem of play at the interface of its interactions is examined in the context of a danger of an ‘offensive of spectres’ against the reality, which can turn the latter in a ‘simulated hyperreality’. The author stresses Kant’s moral rigour in ...

... a deduction (unlike that presented in the Metaphysics of Morals) has to make a transition from strategies to maxims. In effect, the deduction rests on the question as to which form of delight should lie at the foundation of a matrimony. The ethical problem is solved beyond the realm of ethics — a morally acceptable union of the sexes can be based only on aesthetic delight within the element of beauty. 1. Kant 1965 — Kant, Immanuel. Metafisika nrawow (Metaphysics of Morals) // Kant, Immanuel....

This paper presents a critical review of an article by the eminent Russian Kantianist Prof A. N. Kruglov published under the title “Immaturity and the objective of a true reform in ways of thinking” in Kantovsky Sbornik (issues 3—4, 2014). The critical analysis focuses on the practical conclusion, in which Prof Kruglov expresses his negative attitude to the French Revolution and shows ambiguous disapproval of Kant’s positive attitude to it. This ambiguity can discredit modern practical philosophy...

... how religion conducts genesis of law. In that sense religion evaluated like a link between morality and law. Essential item of philosophy of law of Nikolay Alexeev — is a superiority of Christianity in the midst of couple of religions in solution of problem in development of law. Author shows the historical role of Christianity in revealing of the idea of law per se. 1. Alexeev, N. N. 1918, Vvedenie v izuchenie prava [Introduction to the study of law], Moscow, 188 p. 2. Alexeev, N. N. 1919a, Obshhee ...

... Aleksey Aleksandrovich Kozlov. [Aleksey Aleksandrovich Kozlov], Moscow, VIII+223 p. 2. Alekseev (Askol'dov) S. A. 1914. Vnutrenniy krizis transtsendental'nogo idealizma [The inner crisis of transcendental idealism], Voprosy filosofii i psikhologii [Problems of philosophy and psychology], no. 125, p. 781—796. 3. Belov V. N. 2000. Neokantianstvo. Ch. I: Vozniknovenie neokantianstva. Marburgskaya shkola. German Kogen [Neo-Kantianism. Pt. I. Genesis of Neo-Kantianism. Marburg School. Hermann Cohen]....

... either motives for searching for transcendental principles or example s targeted at a certain type of readers and political agents. Identifying the role of publicity principles in Kant’s system of law and their strict positioning is also a complicated problem raising new questions as to their acceptable and preferable application. The principles are explicated in the treatise on perpetual peace. However, this article demonstrates that, despite the dominant opinion, further comments and examples can ...

... understanding of science, which can be only of metaphysical nature. The experience of building a system of transcendental metaphysics combined with mathematics and physics shows that philosophy of science is necessary for solving the most important problems of the humanity rather than analysing or synthesising scientific knowledge or development it. Philosophy of science proper should be based on Aristotle’s idea of metaphysics revisited in view of metaphysics of self-consciousness and the doctrine ...

... Academy of Sciences Publishing. 4. Vinokur G. O., 1999, Kommentarii k «Borisu Godunovu» A. S. Pushkina [Comments to "Boris Godunov" A. S. Pushkin]. Moscow. 5. Gukovskij G. A., 1957, Pushkin i problemy realisticheskogo stilya [Pushkin and the problems of realistic style]. Moscow. 6. Kalinnikov L. A., 2012, E. T. A. Gofman i I. Kant. Preodolenie romantizma [E. T. A. Hoffmann and I. Kant. Overcoming Romantic]. Kaliningrad. 7. Kant, I. 1966, Otvet na vopros: chto takoye Prosveshcheniye [Answering ...

This article considers H.-G. Gadamer’s hermeneutics in the context of Kant’s aesthetic theory laid down in the Critique of Judgement. Kant facilitated the development of aesthetics as an independent science, for the first time addressing the problem of the cognising and perceiving subject. Gadamer, a prominent 20th century philosopher, builds his aesthetic concept based on Kant’s theory. However, their theories differ in some aspects. This article is an attempt to establish the connection ...

... realized until today. As a philosopher, Peirce was shaped by Kant, whose Critique of Pure Reason he knew almost by heart. Peirce was fascinated by the German thinker, who literally opened for him the philosophy of modern era and introduced him to the problem of cognition and increment of knowledge. Peirce was never a Kantian but the oeuvre of the Königsberg philosopher had a profound effect on all of his further works. The major elements of Kant’s theory (transcendental deduction of categories,...

... those of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff, his main philosophical opponent — Christan August Crusius, and Immanuel Kant. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the differences between these perspectives and identify the philosophical problems arising from the Principle of sufficient reason in metaphysics and practical philosophy. 1. Вольф Хр. Разумные мысли о Боге, мире и душе человека, а также о всех вещах вообще, сообщенные ...

... philosophical theory of religion” are one of the four surviving manuscripts of Kant’s lectures on rational theology. The Lectures include an introduction, two parts, and an appendix. The introduction contains an overview of the basic questions and problems of rational theology, namely: the concept of theology, arts of natural theology, the idea of highest essence, possible types of arguments for the existent of God and their limitations etc. The first part is called “Transcendental theology”....

... XX century. 2007. URL: http://spot.colorado.edu/~rhanna/kant_in_the_twentieth_century_proofs_dec07.pdf (дата обращения: 01.03.2014). 15. Kant I. Gesammelte Schriften. Berlin, 1900. Bd. 18, S. 23, Refl. 4900. 16. Prauss G. Kant und das Problem der Dinge an sich. Bonn, 1974. 17. Rohlf M. Immanuel Kant. 2010. URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ (дата обращения: 01.032014). 18. Sellars W. Science and Metaphysics: Variations on Kantian Themes. L. ; N. Y., 1968. ...

... 169—179. 8. Фохт Б. А. Избранное (из философского наследия). М., 2003. 9. Holzhey H. Der Neukantianismus // Philosophie im 20. Jahrhundert : in 2 Bdn.Hamburg, 1992. Bd. 1. S. 19—51. 10. Natorp P. Philosophie. Ihr Problem und ihre Probleme. Einführung in den kritischen Idealismus. Göttigen, 1911. 11. Natorp P. Philosophische Systematik. Hamburg, 1958.

... reality by a citizen capable of self-determination is considered against the background of Rousseau’s ideas, who defended the right of people to revolution. The reconstruction of Kant’s position is followed by a discussion of possible theoretical problems relating to the implementation of this project. It isstressed that the project can function only when the interests of government and citizen coincides. Russian history is addressed to illustrate that even “common interests” of the ruler ...

A thorough analysis of the structure of the treatise constituting the first Critique and its comparison with the analogous structure of the second and third Critiques show that the Critique of Pure Reason lacks such an important element as the antinomy of pure theoretical reason. Of course, it is implied in the text: Kant’s reasoning is based on it and takes it into account. However, it is not explicitly expressed. Instead of this crucial structural element, which would significantly simplify the...

... and experiments. At the same time, there are reasons to believe that certain recent ap-proaches in foundations of mathematics such as category theory, topos theory, and Univalent Foundations may help to improve the situation in the near future. The problem of applicability of new mathematical knowledge in science and technology shows that the Kantian approach in phi-losophy of mathematics is at least partly relevant to today’s mathematics. 1. Арнольд В. И. О преподавании ...

This article focuses on the relation between the subject and object in theory of cognition. Special attention is paid to the role of social communication in the construction of the real world. The author stresses that the language communication plays an important role in this process. Thereby, it affects human cognition as well as all existence. When discussing this phenomenon, the author uses the methodology that was symbolically described by Kant as the Copernican turn. Wilhelm von Humboldt was...

... Krieg überdenken. Kriegsbegriffe und Kriegstheorien in der Kontroverse // Den Krieg überdenken / Hrsg. A. Geis. Baden-Baden, 2006. S. 9—43. 15. Kaldor M. New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Age. Cambridge, 1999. 16. Krouglov A. N. Das Problem des Friedens bei I. Kant und L. N. Tolstoj // War and Peace: the Role of Sciences and Arts / Eds. S. Nour, O. Remaud. Berlin, 2010. S. 257—264. 17. ICISS (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty). The Responsibility to ...

... illustrierte Monatsschrift für das gesamte Judentum. 1918. Jg. 18. H. 5/6 (Mai — Juni). Sp. 129—134. URL: http:// sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/cm/periodical/pageview/2606379 (дата обращения: 28.11.2014). 40. Rubinstein S. Eine Studie zum Problem der Methode: I. Absoluter Rationalismus (Hegel). Marburg, 1914. 41. Sieg U. Aufstieg und Niedergang des Marburger Neukantianismus. Die Geschichte einer philosophischen Schulgemeinschaft. Würzburg, 1994. — (Studien und Materialien zum Neukantianismus,...

... Philosophie-Geschichte // Kant-Studien. 1958/59. № 50. S. 240—244. 21. Brelage M. N. Hartmann. Kleinere Schriften. Bd. 3 : Von Neukantianismus zur Ontologie // Kant-Studien. 1958/59. № 53. S. 107—111. 22. Bryushinkin V. Kant, Frege and the Problem of Psychologism // Kant-Studien. 1999. № 90. S. 59—74. 23. Bryuschinkin W. Kants Philosophie und moderne Logik. Eine Tagung in Swetlogorsk // Kant-Studien. 1994. № 85. S. 85. 24. Call for Papers: Kaliningrad 2004 // Kant-Studien. 2003....

... antinomy of moral and legal principles, which reproduces the conflict between Roman naturalistic legal theory and the contractual philosophy of natural law. The author also considers the ways to overcome this antinomy, as well as ensuing solutions to the problems relating to the legal foundations and the subject of family law. 1. Кант И. Метафизика нравов // Соч. : в 6 т. М., 1965. Т. 4, ч. 2. 2. Кант И. Основоположение к метафизике нравов ...

... that the legitimation of cosmopolitism is of rather cultural than political nature. Liberal cultural pluralism based on universal political and legal principles (Kant and Rawls) proves to be insufficient. However, it provides the means to solve the problems and to avoid the extremes of cultural cosmopolitism, such as the European “negative identity”, juridification, and new modern forms of identity-centred political moralism akin to the “hyperdemocracy of the masses”. 1. Бек У. Власть ...

The article examines the following problems: 1) How well-founded is the comparison of the ideas of Kant's treatise «Towards Perpetual Peace», written in late XVIII century, with the implementation of nowadays project of European Union? 2) If such parallels are possible, to what extent ...

Kant insisted on the inherent unity of a priori and empirical elements of cognition. To what extent further progress of philosophy and exact sciences confirmed (or modified) original Kant ideas? I'm inclined to judge that apriorism in its modest version does not contradict a modest type of empiricism. Real practice of logical and mathematical reasoning provides pry conjunctions of a priori and empirical elements of cognitive processes. We can find the harmonic combinations of mentioned standpoints...

... ethical idea of the absolute unity of personality, as well as the accent on “pleasure” as the necessary subjective goal of marital union, which leads the moralist an the philosopher of law upon a false trail, cannot provide a real solution of the problem. The naturalistic premise, in consequence of which the meaning of love is conceived in terms of pleasure, perpetuates the Roman contractualism in matrimonial law by understanding marriage as an external relation of persons, and prepares the soil ...

The analysis of Rawls’ anthropological model, underlying his theory of justice, reveals its complex basis: on one hand, it is an attempt to attach broader and deeper Kantian philosophical foundations to “rational egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions and opening a possibility for happiness, connects Rawls’ theory to Aristotle’s virtue...

... important facts that prevent the success of the so called "ontological argument": 1) the use of the concept of existence as a real predicate and 2) the confusion of de re and de dicto modalities. The article considers a way to overcome the former problem proposed by the Czech logician Pavel Tichý. 1. Ансельм Кентерберийский. Сочинения / пер. с лат. М., 1995. 2. Горбатова Ю. В. Модальный аргумент Алвина Плантинги: ...

This article is dedicated to the ideas, expressed in manuscript R 3706, where Kant criticizes traditional refutation of ontological argument, which is based on distinction of “ideal” and “real” judgments. The relation of this criticism to Kant’s argumentation in “Nova dilucidatio” and the preceding polemic over ontological argument is analyzed. 1. Descartes R. Razmyshlenija o pervoj filosofii // Descartes R. Sochinenija : v 2 t. М., 1994. Т. 2. S. 3—417. 2. Yermolaev V. K. Argumentacija Kanta...

... The responsible institutions and publishers do not react to information regarding even the most obvious shortcomings and mistakes that could be easily corrected, while the plans for future reprints are based predominantly on commercial interests. The problems of unification of orthography, correction of mistakes in recent reprints, incorrect abbreviations of names, differences in printed editions are discussed in detail. 1. Кассирер Э. Жизнь и учение Канта. СПб., 1998....

... protivnikam // Vvedenskij A. I. Stat'i po filosofii. SPb., 1996. S. 110—135. 3. Vvedenskij A. I. O vidah very v ee otnoshenii k znaniju // Vvedenskij A. I. Stat'i po filosofii. SPb., 1996. 4. Pasternak B. Vozdushnye puti. M., 1982. 5. Sezeman-Kovno V. K probleme chistogo znanija // Logos. 2006. № 6 (57). 6. Sezeman V. Racional'noe i irracional'noe v sisteme filosofii // Logos. M., 1911. Kn. 1. 7. Jakovenko B. V. Tridcat' let russkoj filosofii (1900—1929) // Jakovenko B. V. Moshh' filosofii. SPb....

All three meanings of the notion "thing-initself" (object, subject and the transition between them), despite the evident opposition, constitutes the object of the central problem of philosophy in Kant's system. Kant is an innovator in both posing and answering the question. This answer is agnostic but not in the empirical or scientific sense, but rather in the solely philosophical meaning of these notions. The answer to ...

... arguments in favour of the consistency of Kant's table of judgements. 1. Hegel G. W. F. Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse.Bd. 1: Wissenschaft der Logik // Werke. Bd. 10. Frankfurt/M, 1983. 2. Heidegger, Martin. Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik. Frankfurt/М, 1998. 3. Kant I. Vorlesungen über Philosophische Enzyklopädie // Gesammelte Schriften (Akademie Ausgabe). Bd. 29. 4. Kant I. Critique of Judgement. Digireads. com Publishing, 2010. 5. Kant I. Critique of Pure ...

The article examines the problematic issues of teaching medical students during the COVID 19 pandemic. In total, 73 students of the 6th year of the medical institute took part in an online training. Instead of three levels of teaching, typical for the “Pain management” course, two were left, i. e., “Theoretical knowledge” and simulation online training “The Interview”. In the end of the course the students were to take an anonymous questionnaire to meet their achievement needs. The research has proved...

The article discusses the specifics of connection between codependency and young women’s understanding of abusive, romantic and marital relationships and clarifies the specific judgments about violent behavior in partnerships among women with high codependency. The study relies on 110 responses from women aged from 19 to 30. The free associations methods, the scale of codependency of B. K. Weinhold and J. B. Weinhold, the questionnaire of interpersonal relations of W. Schutz, the author’s semi-structured...

... electronic search based on keywords, manual search in journals, conference proceedings and dissertations for the period from 2010 to 2022. The research activity in this field tends to become more dynamic, and the priority of research interest in the problems of general music education for visually impaired children is identified. The main thematic areas are shown: methodological support for teaching music to the blind and visually impaired in professional and pre-professional education; general music ...

... Logical Language Analysis: Language Humour Tools. Moscow, 2007. P. 5—17 (in Russ.). 2. Cambridge Dictionary. Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ [accessed 15 April 2022]. 3. Chernyavskaya V. E. Discourse of power and the power of discourse: Problems of speech influence. Moscow, 2006 (in Russ.). 4. Collins. Available at: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/ [accessed 15 April 2022]. 5. Dilts R. Sleight of mouth: The magic of conversational belief change. Saint Petersburg, 2015. 6. Donald Trump....

The article deals with the issue of reception the German literature in Syria in the general context of German-Arab literary relations. It has been established that now the problem of German literature perception among the Arabic language speakers is relevant. Syria is not considered to be a center for translation of works into Arabic, though the number of translators and publishers popularizing German literature in Syria ...

... were written while the authors were living abroad. Due to this, each of them viewed their countries from the outside. Through travel narration, which, to a high degree, is also the narration of a voyage through the kingdom of death, they describe the problems of their countries. All the above-mentioned factors help to establish the imagery connection to the works of Cervantes and Dante.

... the research methodology of the mental lexicon and language consciousness. Most studies of language consciousness do not differ in any significant way from studies of the mental lexicon, and this is not recognized or is hushed up by their authors. The problem of their differentiation is connected with the definition of language consciousness. The author of the article defines it as a psycholinguistic concept that shows how the internal and external factors for the functioning of a language as a human ...

The article siscusses the works on the psychological support for people with an oncological diagnosis, namely, with breast cancer. The range of psychological research and therapeutic practices is narrowed to the study of the features of cognitive functions characterized by deficiency. Also in the work, based on the research results available to date, the hypothesis of the presence of cognitive deficits is put forward and theoretically substantiated even before the oncological diagnosis.

... idi­oms of the languages of unrelated families is revealed, but also the factors that determine the difference in the semantic charge of both nuclear and differential semes. The proposed corpus of illustrative material allows us to solve a num­ber of problems of the national-cultural field of phraseological units of the Russian, French and German languages, to determine the universal and na­tional-specific features of the phraseology of these languages, to reveal the pe­culiarities of the worldview ...

... scientific discours­es: scientific thinking into poetry. Based on two poems (Dom filozofa by Czesław Miłosz and The Painter Dreaming in the Scholar’s House by How­ard Nemerov), the author examines the possibilities of thinking about cogni­tive problems in the space of poetry. Reincarnating as their characters (philos­opher and artist), Miłosz and Nemerov work in the subject area of professional cognitive scientists, they reproduce the process of analytical thinking. The article studies ...

... the key tool used by speakers to reach their communicative goals in a conversation. This is espe­cially the case when phrases with negative meaning are concerned. The possi­ble influence of gender on prosody of demands seems to be a research-worthy problem. The article describes the experiment which included locating the key syllables of the phrases, measuring fundamental frequency (F0), sound inten­sity (volume) and syllable duration and analyzing the acquired data. This study provides F0, volume ...

... герметической философии. Старшие арканы Таро. СПб., 1997. 18. Эсхил. Трагедии. М., 2001. 19. Hölderlin. Werke und Briefe : in 2 Bnd. Frankfurt a/M, 1969. 20. Lucacs G. Der junge Hegel und die Probleme der kapitalistischen Gesellschaft. Zürich ; Wien, 1948. 21. Muschg W. Tragische Literaturgeschichte. München, 1983.

... providing life-long education and is directly related to the formation of literacy competencies reflected in Federal State Educational Standards 3++. The article describes the components of discourse in its so­cio — and pragma-linguistic aspects and the problems of academic and sci­entific communication of students including the ones which arise when in­formation and communication technologies are used for the purposes of the discourse. Meta-subject, linguistic, operational, critical, and cultural ...

The article is devoted to the transformation of contemporary Russian art-media discourse, manifested in a change in the genre-speech presentation of such an institutional characteristic as evaluative. Authors believe that the modern art-media discourse is aimed at broadcasting the evaluation of art­works and at including the addressee in the multistage evaluation process and imposing its results. The inception stage of assessment acquaints the audience with the work, forms a basic evaluation, and...