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... current economic context, growth requires special measures. The authors consider the measures taken by the European Union and individual countries in order to strengthen the participation of small and medium business in R&D and innovations, describe the conditions necessary for unlocking the innovative potential, identify new industries that might become the driver of innovative economy in Europe, and offer a country-specific list of basic markets, which can be developed by small and medium enterprises ...

... encouragement of highquality, sustainable tourism. An efficiency analysis of these principles showed that the level of their application for ensuring sustainable development differs. It is a result of the significant differences in natural and socio-economic conditions of sustainable development in these countries, as well as different experiences and traditions in the space-time dimension. In most EU countries, ministries of spatial planning were established as early as the 1960s; in the Russian Federation,...

... particular, it focuses on the criticism of the modernisation project from the forces that present themselves as conservative. The author also mentions significant problems arising on the way of modernisation of Russian society rooted in both objective conditions of the unfolding process and the subjective factor. The article addresses the emergence and development of the modernisation idea in Russia. The relevance of this work lies in the identification of the features of the transition of Russian ...

... география, трансграничная регионализация international cluster, Baltic region, geography, transboundary regionalisation International cluster is a relatively new form of spatial organisation of economy in the globalisation conditions, which has become a frequent phenomenon in European countries, including those of the Baltic region. It requires a comprehensive study of both regional economics and economic geography. This article aims to identify structured international ...

... Birkinshaw, J., Solvell, O. 2000, Leading-edge Multinationals and Leading-edge Clusters, International Studies of Management and Organization , Vol. 30, no. 2, p. 3—9. 4. Burger, P., Džupka, P., Hudec, O., Suhányi, L., Urbančíková, N. 2010, Pre­conditions of successful cross-border cluster in renewable energy sources. In: 1st Knowbridge Conference on Renewables . Miskolc, University of Miskolc, 8 p. 5. Clusters are individuals: new findings from the European cluster manage­ment and cluster ...

... долгосрочная эмиграция приводит к усугублению проблем демографических изменений в Латвии. 1. Apsite E., Krišjāne Z., Berzins M. Emigration from Latvia under economic crisis conditions // International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research.2012 Vol. 31. P. 134—138. 2. Apsite-Berina E. Starpvalstu migrācija Eiropas Savienībā: Latvijas iedzīvotāju migrācija uz Lielbritāniju : PhD-thesis Latvian University....

... diplomatija i pol'sko-litovskij konflikt, 1925—1935 gg. [Soviet diplomacy and the Polish-Lithuanian conflict, 1925—1935], Sovetsko-pol'skie otnoshenija v politicheskih uslovijah Evropy 30-h godov HH stoletija [The Soviet-Polish relations in the political conditions of Europe 30-ies of XX century], Moscow, pp. 129—138. 40. Laurinavičius, Č. 2000, Geopolitikos ir demokratijos dilema: moderniosios Lietuvos užsienio politika ir Steigiamasis Seimas [ Geopolitics and democracy di­lemma modern Lithuanian ...

... establishment of the Soviet consulate in Königsberg in 1923 and the contribution of the first consul of the USSR in East Prussia, Yulian Boshkovich, to the development of bilateral connections in 1923—1925. The author considers the adverse political conditions, under which Soviet diplomats were compelled to operate in Germany. The conclusion is that the principal line of Yu. S. Boshkovich’s activity concerned preparations for the opening of the USSR trade mission in Königsberg, as well as ensuring ...

... component was technologies for land fertility increase. A special package of measures in the framework of melioration and irrigation activities accounted for the high productivity of agriculture on this territory despite the fact that the local climate conditions can hardly be called perfect according to the well-known principles of agricultural science. The authors offer an overview of scientific approaches to the reconstruction and practical application of ideas and principles of progressive agriculture ...

... placing into operation new vessels, development of new equipment, introduction of innovative forms of fishing organisation. The authors offer data on efficiency of such innovative initiatives. This historical experience is of great importance in the conditions of the revival of fishing activity in the Kaliningrad region. 1. Гольдман И. М., Теплицкий В. А. Организация коммерческой работы флота и портов рыбной промышленности ...

... regions and considers the methods as well as the experience of evaluation and improvement of the competitiveness of Latvian regions through the determination of priorities and tools for regional innovative development and the analysis and justification of conditions affecting regional development. This work takes into account the current priority of the European Union — the innovation and development of socioeconomic activities in order to enhance the competitiveness and attractiveness of European regions....

... used in this field of research. The authors analyse the achievements and failures of this type of international inter-municipality cooperation and emphasise that, for twin cities themselves, it served as not only a means of survival in the difficult conditions of the 1990s, but also as an experimental ground for the search for new forms of cross-border cooperation. A conclusion is made that this model is quite promising for the further development of integration processes in the Baltic Region. This ...

... Kaliningrad District. Academic Insti­tutions // Poland-Russian cross-border Cooperation / red. E. Romanowska, B. Samojłowicz. Olsztyn , 2004. 12. Chełminiak M., Kotowicz W., Modzelewski W. T. The Polish-Russian Cross-Border Cooperation. Institutional Conditions and Perspectives of Regional Deve­lopment // Problems of Regional Development in Border Regions of Ukraine and Poland / red T. Palmowski, Y. Matviyishyn. Lviv, 2006. 13. Chełminiak M., Kotowicz W., Modzelewski W. T., Żukowski A. Kalendarium ...

... 69–79 hermeneutic, pre-understanding, preconception, illumination, interpretation, communication, knowledge, meaning, argumentation The article is devoted to the problem of pre-understanding in con- nection with cognition and explanation of conditions of understanding and its boundaries. Special attention is paid to relation of pre-understanding and interpretation as well as pre-understanding and preconception. The epistemo- logical status of pre-understanding as phenomenon of cognition ...

... truth value, logic, semantics of presupposition, context The article considers role and methods of expressions analysis in the processes of argumentation in order to clarify a meaning of an assertion. Connection between the meaning of a proposition and conditions of its validity is analyzed. In this respect the well-known scheme of A. Tarski is used. It is shown that the detection of the meaning of assertions in the processes of argumentation leads to necessity of certain scheme’s revision, inclusion ...

... bivalence principle or the one-solution hypothesis is dropped. None of the dialogs, in the form of which we discuss the versions of the sophism is argumentative. Forwarding standpoints and identifying a conflict among them in a dialogue are the necessary conditions for argumentation to start, both of which imply a definite ordering in the arguments’ set of the dispute based on the relation of attack.

... analyses the criteria for distinguishing subject and predicate expressions in the context of identifying the forms of interaction between formal and transcendental logic. The author poses the problem of limiting the inferences of formal logic by certain conditions set out by transcendental logic and determined by metaphysical considerations. From this point of view, the author considers the contribution of P.F. Strawson’s descriptive metaphysics to the solution to the problem of distinguishing subject ...

... стратегия. 94-102 argumentation, project, political project, project management, argumentative project support, project strategy. The article considers the argumentative aspect of organizational and managerial activity. It reveals the conditions of working out of the professional style of thinking in the context of programmatic and projective politic building.

... 134-144 argumentation, persuasion, communication, rationality. The article considers concepts of the rationality of argumentation and the rationality of persuasion within the frames of the cognitive approach to argumentation. The author formulates the conditions of persuasion effectiveness and its rationality; he also enunciates the criteria of the rationality of argumentation.

... Russian Federation is the relation between the tax system and tax-related budget settlement. There are several traditional sources of tax reimbursement: revenue, expenses, financial result (pre-tax profit, taxable profit, retained earnings). Under these conditions, it is hardly possible to estimate unambiguously the tax burden on the taxpayer's activities. Moreover, direct by their economic nature taxes are subject to indirect taxation. 1. Налоговый кодекс РФ. Ч. 1 от 31 июля ...