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This article estimates the severity of ultrasonographic changes in the liver at different stages of fibrosis. Sixty-three patients underwent B-mode ultrasound scanning of the spleen and the liver and ARFI-elastography of the liver. Elastography measured the shear wave speed from the 9th, 8th, and 7th intercostal spaces in the anterior axillary line at a depth of 6.0 cm from the skin surface. It was established that patients with fibrosis stages F1 and F2 exhibited from one to four and those with...

... point out that inner sense as a receptive faculty depends on self-affection. In so doing, I emphasise that self-affection includes both a pure and an empirical aspect which corresponds to Kant’s distinction between the transcendental synthesis of imagination and the empirical synthesis of apprehension. Then, I focus on the pure aspect and argue that the conceptualising function involved in the pure self-affection is decisive for the generation of formal intuition. In particular, I explain why ...

The problem we address in this paper is how the meanings of terms de­noting various liver elastography methods are understood when translated in­to Russian. We provide an overview of various elastography methods and their physical principles in order to give a better understand specific terms. The goal of this paper is to propose a glossary of elastography terms for dis­cussion by the professional community while relying on the physical princi­ples of ultrasonic methods for determining the rigidity...

... Wissenschaftsgeschichte und den Kunstwissenschaften — zu diesem Thema zu versammeln. Aus diesem Grund ist das Buch für Aufklärungsforscherinnen und Aufklärungsforscher unterschiedlicher Richtungen von großem Interesse. Altschuler, S., 2018. The Medical Imagination. Literature and Health in the Early United States. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press. Buchenau, S. and Lo Presti, R., eds. 2017. Human and Animal Cognition in Early Modern Philosophy and Medicine. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh ...

... also with Kant’s pre-critical work, The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God (1763), in which Kant explicitly addressed the question of being for the first time. Heidegger focuses on the transcendental power of imagination not only as the “common root” of sensibility and understanding, but also as the fundamental faculty of ontological cognition. He links it with the phenomenon of time, arguing that the object of knowledge as such is also linked with this ...

... research aims to analyze monarchism as a form of historical memory. The author explores the role and significance of monarchist intellectuals in shaping historical policy and the memorial culture that evolves within the framework of monarchist historical imagination. The novelty of the study lies in examining the current stage of monarchist ideology in Germany, not as a form of political participation, but as a version of historical memory and memorial culture, grounded in the principles of both historical ...

Evaluation of liver volume is of great importance in the management of certain liver diseases and systemic disorders involving the liver. With the development of innovative technologies for the partial liver resection and transplantation lifetime assessment of liver volume is of great interest. The volume of the liver is a sensitive indicator for ectopic fat deposition and metabolic syndrome in obesity. Manual assessment of liver volume using percussion and palpation methods has disadvantages associated...

... Understanding’ referring to phaenomena (appearances in time and space) rather than the undetermined concept of objects in general. To support this interpretation, the author addresses main concepts of the schematism theory (for instance, those of schema, imagination, homogeneity, and time-determination) and describes the function of schematism. Imagination is presented as an instance of the function usually called “understanding” when directed towards appearances given in time and space. Understanding ...

The authors propose a method of liver volumetry using anthropometric data and the data obtained during an ultrasound examination. The algorithm is built on the basis of a genetic algorithm with coefficients calculated using linear regression. It is shown that the new formula is more accurate than previously proposed ones. The algorithm can be used to work out volumetric formulas for other organs in radiological studies. 1. Изранов В. А., Казанцева Н. В., Мартинович М. В. и др. Оценка точности вычисления...

The authors aim to identify the most optimal formula for calculating the volume of liver based on its linear size ex vivo. The authors measured liver volume in thirty-three corpses by placing the liver in water and calculating the displaced volume of the liquid. Liver was measured in each case. The data were then compared with the ones obtained by using five different formulas comprising linear liver measurements. 1. Изранов В. А., Казанцева Н. В., Белецкая М. А. Измерение объема печени с помощью...

The article focuses on determination of the liver volume which is an urgent task for clinical medicine. It is directly connected to the need for an objective quantitative assessment of organ size. The complexity of calculating the volume is due to an irregular geometric shape of the organ, which can not be approximated to an ellipse or any other geometric figure. The aim of the study is to ex vivo evaluate the possibilities of measuring the volume of the liver based on the linear dimensions of the...

... enabling them to connect with the subject behind the text. The variance in media mediation shapes specific subjective structures. In both cases, the subject behind the text is a submedial subject (Boris Groys). The structures of literary and cinematic imagination allow the recipient not so much to relate to the author as to acquire an unexpected co-author, a sub-medial subject capable of replacing the author's intention with another intention or compro­mi­sing the former. In printed text, identification ...

.... Place Branding: The Problem of Representation and Brand-Identification. Sovremennye problemy servisa i turizma [Service and Tourism: Current Challenges], 12 (4), pp. 25—34 (in Russ.). Santos, P. M., 2019. Tourism and the critical cosmopolitanism imagination: “The Worst Tours” in a European World Heritage city. International Journal of Heritage Stu­dies, 25 (9), pp. 943—957. Sładkiewicz, Ż. R. and Wieladek, K., 2020. The intertexteme as an instrument in the past—present—future dialogical ...

Frege's fictitious names possess meaning but lack denotation. Both these names and the sentences containing them are deemed fictitious. Since any proper name can potentially refer to an imaginary entity, it is crucial to consider the speaker's intention. When making a statement, the speaker may refer to the real or the imaginary. In the latter case, the thought cannot be explicitly expressed, and consequently, denotation cannot be reached. In Frege's framework, fictional thoughts hold little significance...

This article is a study of literary representations of the text 'Königsberg-Kaliningrad' analysed from the point of view of geopoetics. Based on the descriptions of Königsberg-Kaliningrad in Bolotov's memoirs "Life and adventures of Andrey Bolotov, described by himself for his descendants", Brodsky's poem "Einem alten Architekten in Rom" and the novel "Königsberg" by Buida, the authors explore the sensorial perception of the city by the writers and establish its correlation...

Kant insisted on the inherent unity of a priori and empirical elements of cognition. To what extent further progress of philosophy and exact sciences confirmed (or modified) original Kant ideas? I'm inclined to judge that apriorism in its modest version do not contradict to modest type of empiricism. Real practice of logical and mathematical reasoning provides pry conjunctions of a priori and empirical elements of cognitive processes. We can find their harmonic combinations of mentioned standpoints...

... ‘offensive of spectres’ against the reality, which can turn the latter in a ‘simulated hyperreality’. The author stresses Kant’s moral rigour in the context of game theory, which is interpreted as an indirect warning against ‘chimeras of imagination’ capable of transporting ‘spectres’ into actual ontology. It is stated that such transportation is reflected in the characteristics of artistic imagination and its poetic keys opening the ‘doors of perception’ that are closed to ...

Kant insisted on the inherent unity of a priori and empirical elements of cognition. To what extent further progress of philosophy and exact sciences confirmed (or modified) original Kant ideas? I'm inclined to judge that apriorism in its modest version does not contradict a modest type of empiricism. Real practice of logical and mathematical reasoning provides pry conjunctions of a priori and empirical elements of cognitive processes. We can find the harmonic combinations of mentioned standpoints...

... 1. С. 131—135. 9.   MacDonald G . New Name // The Golden Key [сайт]. URL : http :// www . george - macdonald . com / etexts / nonfiction / new _ name . html (да­та об­ращения: 15.05.2010). 10.  MacDonald G . The Fantastic Imagination // The Golden Key [ сайт ]. URL : http :// www . george - macdonald . com / etexts / nonfiction / fantastic _ imagination . html (дата обраще­ния: 15.05.2010).

A review of the skin ultrasound publications shows that this examination is one of the most popular diagnostic procedures in dermatology, cosmetology and oncology. Current research data defined the concept of "ultrasound ana­tomy of the skin", it is noted that an ultrasound examination of healthy skin with modern sensors can visualize three of its layers, appendages of skin and ves­sels of small diameter, located in the dermis and the upper layer of sub­cu­ta­neous fat tissue. The significance...

... product are considered as objects of translation into a foreign language. The study raises the question of a strategy for analyzing the linguistic means of a literary text that would allow for the most complete reconstruction of the fictional world in the imagination of the foreign-language reader. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the interpretation of the idiostylistic aspect of a literary work on the translator’s work. The methodology of the study is based on the postulates of F....

... The Teasing Effect: An Underappre­cia­ted Benefit of Creating and Resolving an Uncertainty. Journal of Marketing Research , 55 (4), pp. 556—570, http://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.15.0346 . Sevilla, J. and Meyer, R. J., 2020. Leaving Something for the Imagination: The Ef­fect of Visual Concealment on Preferences. Journal of Marketing , 84 (4), pp. 1—18, http://doi.org/10.1177/0022242919899393 . Sobyanina, V. A., 2021. Argumentation as a persuasive means in advertising texts and its linguistic ...

... 1844. Rasskaz o puteshestvii po Germanii, Gollandii, Anglii i Frantsii N. A. Korsakova v 1839 godu [Story of N. A. Korsakov's travelling through Germany, Holland, England and France in 1839]. Moscow (in Russ.). Loshchilov, I. E., 2017. Andrey Bely in imaginative thinking of the young Zabo­lotskiy. In: Arabeska Andreya Belogo: Zhiznennyi put'. Dukhovnye iskaniya. Poetika [An­drey Bely’s arabesque: Life path. Spiritual quest. Poetics]. Belgrade, pp. 460—468 (in Russ.). Maslennikova, O. N., 2016....

... V. Mayakovsky, ed. So­branie sochinenii v 12 t. [Collected Works in 12 volumes]. Vol. 1. Moscow, pp. 41—60 (in Russ.). Merrifield, A., 2021. Magicheskii marksizm. Subversivnaya politika i voobrazhenie [Magical Marxism. Subversive Politics and the Imagination]. Translated from English by V. Sofronov. Moscow (in Russ.). Mould, O., 2018. Against Сreativity. London; New York. Nietzsche, F., 2011. Menschliches, Allzumenschliches. In: F. Nietzsche, ed. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 13 t. [Complete works ...

... discursive formations. Critique and Semiotics , 8, pp. 66—78 (in Russ.). Rodionova, A., 2019. Simple reflectors. Translit , 22, рр. 84—87 (in Russ.). Rodionova, A., 2022. “We do not have an Automatic Station”: Filters of Techno­logical Imagination in the Poetry of Genrikh Sapgir and Igor Kholin. Novoe litera­turnoe obozrenie [New Literary Review], 176 , pp. 254—269, https://doi.org/ 10.53953/ 08696365_2022_176_4_254 (in Russ.) . Safonov, N., 2016. The space that does not exist ...

... Literature], 4, pp. 140—163 (in Russ.). Sokolova, T. V., ed., 2003. Istoriya zapadnoevropeiskoi literatury. XIX vek [History of Western European literature. Тhe 19th century]. St. Petersburg; Moscow (in Russ.). Vasiliev, A. V., 2015. Ancestral masks (imagines maiorum) in the public life of the Romans during the Republic and early Empire. In: Trudy Istoricheskogo fakul'teta Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta [Proceedings of the Historical Faculty of St. Peters­burg University], 23. St. Petersburg,...

... power of vocal impact is augmented by modern technologies. Modern poetry, moving beyond its linguistic laboratory, seeks to transcend into other forms of art, gaining support from music and painting while exerting a polymodal impact on the addressee's imagination. Cerquiglini, B., 1996. Le roman de l’orthographe. Au paradis des mots, avant la faute. Hatier, pp. 1150—1694. Chaton, A.-J., 2001. Événements 99, éditions Al Dante. Chaton, A.-J., 2011. Evènements 09, label Raster Noton. Chaton,...

Before delving into the connections between linguistics and semiotics, it is essential to es­tablish a clear demarcation between these fields, which necessitates a precise definition of each subject. However, the approach taken by Anton Zimmerling in this regard is subject to de­bate. In the discussion of semiotics, the focus tends to lean towards interpretations that recog­nize the dual understanding of signs, while unilateral conceptions of signs are often over­looked. Linguistics is typically...

In this paper, translation is examined from the perspective of the semantics of possible worlds. The consequences of this viewpoint are explored, particularly in relation to the metaphor of traveling through possible and impossible worlds in translation practice. Special attention is given to cases where there are disparities between the world of the original text and the world of the translated text. For example, in the case of French subjunctive forms, which are grammatically mandatory in the original...

... potentially facilitating infinite interconnections across contexts. This interface facilitates interactions between the tangible reality we inhabit and any conceivable alternative worlds. It enables transitions from physical reality to the realm of imagination and vice versa, or even simultaneous consideration of both. Asmolov, A. G., Shekhter, E. D. and Chernorizov, A. M., 2018. Preadaptatsiya k neopredelennosti: nepredskazuemye marshruty evolyutsii [Pre-Adaptation to Uncertainty: Unpredictable ...

... pp. 112—133 (in Russ.). Montague, R., 1973. The Proper Treatment of Quantification in Ordinary English. In: J. Hintikka, J. Moravcsik and P. Suppes, eds. Approaches to Natural Language . Dordrecht, pp. 221—242. Rami, D., Zimmermann, T. E., 2017. Imagination, Psychologistic Semantics, and the Paradox of Fictional Names. Theoretical Linguistics , 43 (1—2), pp. 71—80. Recanati, F., 2012. Mental files . Oxford. Recanati, F., 2017. Fictitious Anchors. Theoretical Linguistics , 43 (1—2), pp....

... main — intralingual — evolutionary mechanism that stabilizes key commu­nicative meanings. Indirect contexts produced in the language or the operators “I know that...”, “I hope that...”, “I remember that...”, “I want that…”, “I imagine that...” protect sentences from negation and make it possible to reproduce universally significant meanings. Barth, Fr., 1975. Ritual and Knowledge Among the Baktaman of New Guinea . New Ha­ven: Yale University Press. Bühler, K., 1934....

... Cambridge: Cambridge University. Available at: https:// tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/e/Eco_91.pdf [Accessed 15 August 2021]. Flüsser, V., 1992. Die Schrift. Hat Schreiben Zukunft ? Frankfurt a/M.: Fischer Verlag. Golosovker, Ya. E., 1987. The imaginative absolute. In: Ya. E. Golosovker, ed. Lo ­ gika mifa [The logic of the myth]. Moscow, pp. 114—165. (in Russ.). Grimm, E., 2007. Die Lebensläufe Reinhard Jirgls. Techniken des melotraumati­schen Inszenierung. In: D. von Clarke and A....

The article is devoted to the polemic with Alexander Kravchenko regarding his thesis that the way out of the protracted crisis in linguistics is to use a systemic approach to linguistic semiosis as biological adaptation. The author argues that linguistics is not in a state of crisis but rather in a state of stagnation. Overcoming it presupposes an intensive methodological search that infinitely expands the horizons of permissible views rather than the use of a sys­tem approach that is inadequate...

... positioning of the editors and newspaper, and blurs the dis­tinction between two categories of translated works: between the works selected for the educa­tion and those for the entertainment of Prosveta’ s readership. Anderson, B., 2006. Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of na­tionalism . London; New York: Verso. Asscher, O., 2021. Translation as a probe into homeland-diaspora relations. Trans ­lation Studies, 14 (1), pp. 36—50. doi: 10.1080/14781700.2020....

In this article, we continue to address the mechanisms of presenting oneself as another and another as oneself. In this regard, non-trivial features of the semantics of a proper name are described. Based on the analysis of contexts of inappropriate use of a name in a situation of imposture, described in Pushkin's tragedy Boris Godunov, the author considers semiotic mechanisms of transformation and assignment of identity. The article shows that Pushkin's intuition allowed him to see the problems that...

The paper presents a statistical study of the use of variant forms of Russian personal names. It is shown that Russian names can be divided into two classes: names with full and short forms contrast with names that only have one neutrally used form. For names that have a distinct short form, the frequencies of full and short forms can relate to each other in differ­ent ways. This depends on various factors, such as the length of the full name and the gender of its owner: for longer names and female...

... translation. In: C. Alvstad, et al., eds. Textual and contextual voices of translation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. BTL 137. pp. 3—17. Akhtar, S., 2009. Comprehensive dictionary of psychoanalysis. London: Routledge. Bakhtin, M. M., 2004. The dialogic imagination. Translated by C. Emerson and M. Holquist. Austin, TX: The University of Texas Press. Chesterman, A., 2007. Similarity analysis and the translation profile. Belgian Journal of Linguistics, 21(1.1), pp. 53—66. Chesterman, A. and Baker, M....

In this article, I explore the content-related and formal aspects of describing the multidi­mensional semantic organization of a text, particularly, I focus on the possibility of using the apparatus of modal semantics to identify the relationship between sentential complexes. To those ends, I employ the concepts of model, model structure, and centred world. The latter is a system of functions that correlate language expressions, the language expressions of a text, states of affairs (possible worlds)...

... reprezentatsiya vlasti i konets Starogo rezhima. [The physiolo­gy of the symbolic. Book 1. The Return of Leviathan: Political Theology, Representa­tion of Power, and the End of the Old Regime]. Moscow (in Russ.). Bakhtin, M. M., 1981. The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press. Bataille, G., 1970. L'obelisque. In: G. Bataille, ed. Oeuvres completes. Vol. 1. Paris: Gallimard. Blast. 1914. Vol. 1. D’Annunzio, G., 1920. La Carta del Carnaro. Available at: http://www.dircost . unito....

Translation Studies has branched out into a heterogeneous interdiscipline during the past few decades. This development is not only the result of the emergence of different kinds of translation practices, research questions and new technologies, but also of different epistemo­logical and ontological assumptions about the object of study. Four major areas are outlined: linguistic, cultural, cognitive and sociological. Connections between them are briefly dis­cussed, but the main tendency has been...

... Published in 1791, his report is important as the first printed mentioning of Kant in Russian. Karamzin was looking forward to meet J. K. Lavater in Zürich, with whom he had already corresponded for three years, but Kant warned him of Lavater’s excessive imagination, which let him believe in dreams and magnetism. Lavater’s ‘Schwärmerei’ was above all attacked by the publishers F. Nicolai and J. E. Biester, whom Karamzin would soon come in touch with in Berlin. The young traveler was appalled by ...

... entsiklopediya [Orthodox Encyclopedia]. Moscow. Vol. 19, pp. 283—345. 4. Bulanin, D. M., 1995. Ancient Rus. In Yu. Levin, ed. Istoriya russkoi perevodnoi khudozhestvennoi literatury: Drevnyaya Rus’. XVIII vek. Proza [History of Russian translated imaginative literature: Ancient Rus. XVIII century. Prose]. St. Petersburg. Vol. 1, pp. 17—73. 5. Gladkov O. V., 2013. Zhitiye Evstafiya Plakidy v russkoi i slavyanskoi knizhnosti i literature IX — ХХ vekov [Hagiography of Evstafiy Plakida in Russian ...

The author analyses the history of anagrams in the European baroque culture of the 17th century, shows a rich diversity of literary genres where anagrams are used, and identifies the main trends and techniques of creating anagrams. The article outlines the scope of problems for a future study of anagrams in different areas of contemporary European culture. 1. Алпатов С. В., Шамин С. М. Элогиум митавских иезуитов в документах Великого посольства 1697 г. // Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики. 2014...

1. Daija P. Baltijas apgaismības virzienu kontrasti un nozīme latviešu 18. gadsimta literatūras attīstībā // Latviešu literatūras procesi un personības. Rīga, 2008. 2. Daija P. Genesis of the Concept of Statehood and Perception of Patriotism in Latvian Enlightenment Literature // Latvia and Latvians: A People and a State in Ideas, Images and Symbols. Rīga, 2000. 3. Dann O., Hroch M. Einleitung // Patriotismus und Nationsbildung am Ende des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. Köln, 2003. 4...

... https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110706611-005 . Butler, J., 2022. Sila nenasiliya: Stsepka etiki i politiki [The Force of Nonviolence: An Ethico-Political Bind]. Translated from English by I. Kushnareva. Moscow: HSE Press. (In Rus.) Calverley, D. J., 2008. Imagining a Non-Biological Machine as a Legal Person. AI & Society, 22(4), pp. 523-537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-007-0092-7 . Floridi, L. and Sanders, J. W., 2004. On the Morality of Artificial Agents. Minds and Machines, 14(3), pp. 349-379. https://doi....

... map of regulative ideas and a “moral compass”, along with an explanation of disruptive factors, offering a working explanation of the situation and its possible outcomes. Kant’s “Copernican revolution” brings human beings back into focus and imagination to order, allowing for the hope that new challenges will be successfully met. Anon., 1885. Bismarck’s Iron Ring. The New York Times. November 25, sec. Archives. Available at: < ">https://www.nytimes.com/1885/11/25/archives/bismarcks-iron-ring....

... Chicago Press, pp. 81—113. Foucault, M., 1978. Discipline and Punish. The Birth of the Prison. Translated by A. Sheridan. New York: Pantheon Books. Gavrilenko, S. M., 2017. Historical Epistemology: the Zone of Uncertainty and the Space of Theoretical Imagination. Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, 52(2), pp. 20-28. (In Rus.) Ginzburg, C., 2004. The Evidence-based Paradigm and Its Signs. In: C. Ginzburg. Mify — emblemy — primety [Myths — Emblems — Signs]. Moscow: New Publishing House, ...

... M., 2018. Kantian Accounts of Thought Experiments. In: M. T. Stuart, Y. Fehige and J. R. Brown, eds. 2018. The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments. London & New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 327-341. Diamond, C., 2000. Ethics, Imagination, and the Method of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus. In: A. Crary and R. Read, eds. 2000. The New Wittgenstein. London & New York: Routledge, pp. 149-173. Dragalina-Chernaya, E. G., 2020. Colours in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Logical Space. Voprosy ...

... host of unreasonable consequences: we have reason to suggest that reasonableness perhaps contains its own negation. Most philosophers of the twentieth century supposed that today it is impossible to think as in former times; it is already impossible to imagine reality as the structure which alone has a basis. The modern pluralistic world cannot be interpreted in a single rationalistic way as the only possible way, which would lead to the world’s being be united on a single principle for the sake of ...