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Kant does not provide clear-cut definitions of apperception, consciousness, and self-consciousness and everywhere uses these terms as synonyms, which creates the problem of the relationship between these faculties. The importance of this problem stems from the colossal significance of each of the above-mentioned ...

... legitimate and requiring conceptualisation. The mediation of Schlick’s positivist theory and Kant’s transcendentalist theory allows us to present first-person and third-person perspectives as two epistemic registers, subordinated to the position of a historically specific conscious subject. I treat the first-person perspective as a reflective power of judgment, and the third-person perspective as a determinative power of judgment; doing so, I establish the connection between the qualitative interpretation of phenomenal ...

... sensation and its link with the thing-in-itself, I explain how the dialectic of the boundary modeled by Schelling grounds the historicity of self-consciousness and raise the question of the possibility of grounding various strategies of understanding historicity of consciousness on the basis of Schelling’s premises. Baumgartner, H. M., 1993. Der spekulative Ansatz in Schellings System des transzendentalen Idealismus. In: W. Jaeschke, ed. 1993. Transzendentalphilosophie und Spekulation. Der Streit um die ...

Carruthers, P., 2017. Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness. In: S. Schneider and M. Velmans, eds. 2017. The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Hoboken. N. J.: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 288-297. Home, H., 2005. Essays on Principles of Morality and Natural Religion. Natural Law and Enlightenment Classics....

... theory of cognition through the analysis of subjectivity, the complete elimination of psychological motives and the separation of transcendentalism from transcendentism. These principles enable Salagov to ground a three-part structure of cognition (consciousness, being, committing to consciousness) and to assert that the main task of genuine epistemology is exclusively the study of the cognitive relationship, committing to consciousness. They enable Boldyrev, proceeding from the separation of reflection ...

... Russ.). Marasinova, E., 2017. “Zakon” i “grazhdanin” v Rossii pervoi poloviny XVIII veka. Ocherki istorii obshchestvennogo soznaniya [“Law” and “citizen” in Russia in the first half of the 18th century. Essays on the history of public consciousness]. Moscow (in Russ.). Marshall, T. H., 2011. Citizenship and social class. In: B. G. Kapustin, ed. Gra­zhdanstvo i grazhdanskoe obshchestvo [Citizenship and civil society]. Translated from Eng­lish by Yu. Dergunova. Moscow. pp. 145—220 ...

My aim is to prove that Hermann Cohen was not only a philosopher of dialogue but has played an exceedingly important role in the history of that current of thought. His books Ethics of Pure Will (1904) and Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism (1919) offer a detailed analysis of the relationships between I and Thou, I and It, I and We. In the first book these relationships are considered from the ethical-legal point of view and in the second from the viewpoint of religious anthropology...

... University Press. Kornilov, S. V., 2016. Towards the Comprehension of the Infinite: the Believers’ Mind F. A. Golubinsky. Space and Time, 1-2 (23-24), pp. 63-72. (In Rus.) Kotsyuba, V. I., 2013. Lectures by Archpriest Fyodor Golubinsky as a Subject of Historical and Philosophical Analysis]. St. Tikhon’s University Review. Series I: Theology. Philosophy. Religious Studies, 5 (49), pp. 43-59. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2008. Tetens, Kant i diskussiya o metafizike v Germanii vtoroj poloviny XVIII veka ...

... of the thinkers of the ‘late and mature phase’ of German idealism (A. Trendelenburg, R. G. Lotze, and G. Teichmüller). A historical and theoretical analysis of the neo-Kantian and neo-Leibnizian ideas helps to identify the similarities (criticism ... ... experience is not interpreted as ‘bare’ cognition or its mere possibility but rather it is perceived as a combination of consciousness (Bewusstsein), knowledge (Erkenntnis), the consciousness of God (Gottesbewusstsein), faith, and free will. Thus,...

... intuition back to aesthetics thus linking its significance to the field of the individual, inimitable, and singular manifestation of thecreative spirit. He sees the completion of Kant’s critical philosophy in the psychological bases of subjectivity of consciousness aimed at understanding the patterns of the scientific, moral, and artistic cognition. In the context of history of transcendentalism, art is perceived as a form of spiritualcreativity that is subject to its own generating laws of cultural ...

This article offers data on the results of a survey of students of humanities of Kaliningrad universities. The survey was dedicated to the assessment of maturity of historical consciousness in youth. The author characterises the general picture of knowledge of regional history and identifies the gaps.

... Biosemiotics and biohermeneutics. In: Nauki o zhizni i obra­zovanie. Fundamental'nye problemy integratsii [Life sciences and education. Fundamen­tal problems of integration]. Moscow, pp. 340—344 (in Russ.). Chebanov, S. V., 2010. The status of semiotically conscious biology. In: Filosofskie problemy biologii i meditsiny. Vyp. 4. Fundamental'noe i prikladnoe [Philosophical prob­lems of biology and medicine. Issue. 4. Fundamental and applied]. Moscow, pp. 323—326 (in Russ.). Chebanov, S. V., 2011. Cognitive ...

... (in Russ.). Monod, J., 1971. Chance and Necessity: An Essay on the Natural Philosophy of Modern Bio­logy. Fontana. Nalimov, V. V., 2007. Spontannost' soznaniya: Veroyatnostnaya teoriya smyslov i smys­lovaya arkhitektonika lichnosti [Spontaneity of Consciousness: Probabilistic Theory of Meanings and Semantic Architectonics of Personality]. Moscow, 198 p. (in Russ.). Ricœur, P., 2008. Ya — sam kak drugoi [Soi-meme comme un autre]. Translated by B. M. Skuratov. Moscow, 416 p. (in Russ.). Rozov,...

The Patriotic War of 1812 is an event that influenced the formation of the Russian na­tional consciousness. At that time, imperial and class identities coexisted. With the de fac­to ban on discussing the idea of a civil ... ... national unity. The method of discourse analysis employed by the author, made it possible to place Shishkov’s texts in a broader historical context, trac­ing their origins in the discussions on the language of the beginning of the 19th century and determining ...

... Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, with the support of the RF Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Petersburg Dialog Forum, in Kaliningrad on 14—20 August 2023. The School engaged with the following themes: Kant and the philosophy of consciousness, Kant’s philosophy of law, Kant’s philosophy of religion, and Kant’s political philosophy. The programme included eight lectures, as well as thematic seminars; their content is reviewed below. As part of the conference of young scholars,...

The aim of this research is to explore what relations self-affection bears to the intuitions of inner sense. I propose that self-affection makes some contribution to formal intuitions and empirical consciousness by arguing that the functions of self-affection consist respectively in conceptualising and conscious-making. I begin by examining Kant’s concept of inner sense and point out that inner sense as a receptive faculty depends on self-affection....

... [History of ethical doctrines], Moscow, 911 p. 4. Gusejnov, A. A. 2004, Etika Kanta v istoricheskom kontekste [Kant’s Ethics in historical context], Moscow, Materiali konferenzii RAGS pri Presidente RF “Folosifija Kanta” [Materials of the RAGS conference ... ... Investigation], Moscow, no. 5, p. 17—44. 14. Molchanov, V. I. 1998, Vremja i soznanie. Kritika fenomenologicheskoj filosofii. [Time and consciousness. Сritique of the phenomenological philosophy, Moscow. 15. Pisarchik, L. U. 2011, Problema posnanija zennostej I ...

... upon the issue of state-civil identity of student youth. Theoretical analysis of the provisions of social constructivism made the author focus on the fact that state-civil identity is an element of the value component in the structure of the political consciousness ethnopolitical construct of the subjects of politics. Through the implementation of a comprehensive socio-political study, an assessment of the level of state-civil identity of student youth in some federal districts is given, which turned ...

Berdayev’s works The New Middle Ages, The Meaning of History, The Crisis of Art help reveal the essence of the eschatological consciousness of the 20th century. The principal feature of New Middle Ages in European culture is proved to be the polarization of consciousness, which is most vividly manifested, according to Berdyaev, in the structure of Russian soul (the apocalyptic ...

... Cognition, Intuition, and the Fact of Reason. In: B. Lipscomb and J. Krueger, eds. 2010. Kant’s Moral Metaphysics: God, Freedom, and Immortality. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 211-230. Khurana, Th., 2019. ‘I Do not Cognize Myself through Being Conscious of Myself as Thinking’: Self-Knowledge and the Irreducibility of Self-Objectification in Kant. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 49 (7), pp. 956-979. Longuenesse, B., 2017. I, Me, Mine. Back to Kant, and Back Again. Oxford: Oxford University ...

... University Press. Crowther, T. M., 2006. Two Conceptions of Conceptualism and Nonconceptualism. Erkenntnis, 65(2), pp. 245-276. Dickerson, A. B., 2004. Kant on Representation and Objectivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dretske, F., 2002. Conscious Experience. In: A. Noë, E. Thompson, eds. 2002. Vision and Mind. Selected Readings in the Philosophy of Perception. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 419-442. Falkenstein, L., 1995. Kant’s Intuitionism. A Commentary on the Transcendental ...

... of functional and stylistic use. Allusive references are considered due to their semantics, historical and cultural context. Historical, literary, cultural sources of information are brought to study the semantic nature of allusive inclusions. The article ... ... is noted that the allusion technique is used not only to give poems an emotionally expressive sound, but also to activate the consciousness of readers, create additional literary associations.

Myths and history are different but related forms of consciousness. They date back to the archaic and new periods of world history. New forms of synthesis between history and myths translated in the ‘mythical-historical imagery’ of the 20th-century art. For the first time in the history of world culture,...

... Lanz, H., 1914c. In Memory of Fichte. Russkaya mysl’ [Russian Thought], 6, pp. 42-51. (In Rus.) Lanz, H., 1914d. Freedom and Consciousness: (On the Centenary of the Death of J. G. Fichte). Logos, 1(1), pp. 1-23. (In Rus.) Lanz, H., 1926. The Irrationality ... ... of Philosophy]. Saint-Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 282-292. (In Rus.) Yakovenko, B. V., 2004a. Science of Knowledge (An Attempt of Historical and Systematic Study). In: B. V. Yakovenko, 2004. Zhizn’ i filosofiya Ioganna Gotliba Fikhte [Johann Gottlieb Fichte’s ...

... First, to determine whether Kant’s ethical and teleological concept is immune to Schaeffer’s critique. Second, to clarify the German philosopher’s contribution to environmental ethics. I come to the conclusion that it is premature to claim that consciousness and free will exist only in the framework of their being conditioned by nature. I also demonstrate that in his teleological teaching Kant sees the mechanism of nature as the dependence of living things on forces that act in an unpremeditated ...

... by adding “pure normative sciences” such as logic and aesthetics to psychology and ethics which are already in use. In the center of his pedagogy Natorp places the concept of “will”. It is directly connected to the three levels of activity of consciousness which are associated with the three stages of education — family education, school and stage of free adult self-education. The last stage represents a “lifelong” process and ideally shouldn’t be bounded by any external factors. Natorp ...

This article analyses the historical and philosophical critique of A. I. Vvedensky’s ‘new psychophysiological’ law. The author examines the most substantial ... ... scientific journals. The discussion focused on the ideas expressed in the work On the Limits and Characteristics of Becoming Conscious, which was published in the form of theses in book 16 book of the journal Problems of Philosophy and Psychology. Trough ...

This article analyses the major ideological campaigns of 1946—1953 on the basis of earlier unknown materials from the archival funds of Kaliningrad kolkhozes. The author considers the influence of campaigns on the mass consciousness of peasants and their social behaviour from the perspective of «everyday history». Special attention is paid to the ideas of rural residents about themselves and the word, and their reaction to major social and political events. The author ...

... Religiovedenie [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies], 21, pp. 169—179 (in Russ.). Beskov, A. A., 2022. Contradictory images of the past in the Russian information space as a factor of fragmentation of mass historical consciousness. In: R. A. Badikov, ed. Sud'by natsional'nykh kul'tur v usloviyakh globalizatsii: mezhdu traditsiei i novoi real'nost'yu [Fortunes of national cultures in globalization context: between tradition and the new reality]. Chelyabinsk, pp. ...

... Semiosis. London; New York, pp. 91—107. Olteanu, A., 2021. Multimodal modeling: Bridging biosemiotics and social semio­tics. Biosemiotics , 14, pp. 783—805, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-021-09463-7 . Olteanu, A., 2022. Learning as Becoming Conscious: A note on Jablonka and Ginsburg’s Notion of Learning. Biosemiotics , 15, pp. 457—467, https://doi . org/10.1007/ s12304-022-09510-x. Olteanu, A., Campbell, C. and Feil, S., 2020. Naturalizing models: New perspec­ti­ves in a Peircean ...

... neuropsychological pa­ral­lel to semiogenesis. In: U. Figge and W. Koch, eds. Acta Coloquii. Bochum publications in Evolutionary Cultural Semiotics. Language in the Wurm Glaciation. Vol. 27, pp. 53—64. Chernigovskaya, T. V., 2012. Languages of consciousness: who reads neural net­work texts? In: Chelovek v mire znaniya: v chest’ 80-letiya akademika V. A. Lektorskogo [Man in the world of knowledge: in honor of the 80th anniversary of Academician V. A. Lek­torsky]. Moscow, pp. 403—415 ...

... Lyuda and Arkady — in the novel Parade by N. Kononov. The multilanguage anagrammatic code is chosen as a research technique: anagramming (in some cases with a transition from one language to an­other) allows the author to identify hidden meanings consciously or subconsciously used by the writer. N. Kononov resorts to language game throughout his novel and shows the connec­tion between the name Lev and the semantics of physicality and personality traits. Describing his characters, the writer uses ...

... Neu­roscience, 6. pp. 1—11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00314 . Tononi, G., Boly, M., Gosseries, O. and Laureys, S., 2016. The neurology of con­sciousness: An overview. In: S. Laureys, O. Gosseries and G. Tononi, eds. The Neuro­logy of Consciousness: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropathology. Vol. 2. Amsterdam: Else­vier. pp. 407—461. Wyke, B. van, 2010. Ethics and translation. In: Y. Gambier and L. van Doorslaer, eds. Handbook of Translation Studies. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins....

The article reveals the relevance of N. Karamzin’s historical and providential method in the context of philosophical hermeneutics of H.-G. Gadamer. Highlighting a deep connection of the ideological basis of Karamzin’s historiography with the up-to-now-incomplete search for the “Russian idea” the ...

... man’s status in the world. They stress the need to enhance the responsibility of the individual so that each individual becomes conscious of sharing the destiny of the whole of mankind and the world. I argue that in the framework of Enlightenment 2.0 the ... ... between the individual and the collective. Alves, A., 2019. The German Tradition of Self-Cultivation (Bildung) and its Historical Meaning. Educação & Realidade, 44(2), pp. 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-623683003 . Andersen, L. R., 2020....

... by C. Janaway. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Shchedrina, T. G. and Shchedrina, I. O., 2022. Immanuel Kant in the Historical Philosophy of Gustav Shpet. Kantian Journal, 41(3), pp. 124-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2022-3-5 . Shpet,... ... [Thought and Word. Selected Works]. Edited by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 248-469. (In Rus.) Shpet, G. G., 2006. Consciousness and Its Owner. In: G. G. Shpet, 2006. Philosophia Natalis. Izbrannye psihologo-pedagogicheskie trudy [Philosophy ...

... Philosophy”. Transcendental’ny zhurnal, 1. doi: 10.18254/S271326680008967-4. (In Rus.) Krouglov, A. N., 2005. Did Kant Have a Transcendental Subject? History of Philosophy Yearbook — 2004, pp. 279-295. (In Rus.) Molchanov, V. I., 1997. Loneliness of Consciousness and Communicativeness of the Sign. Logos, 9, рр. 5-24. (In Rus.) Nancy, J. -L., 1996. Être singulier pluriel. Paris: Galilée. Nancy, J. -L., 2006. La Naissance des seins suivi de Péan pour Aphrodite. Paris: Galilée. Okorokov, V. B....

... Gossman. Cohen, H., 1904. System der Philosophie. Teil 2: Ethik des reinen Willens. Berlin: Bruno Cassirer. Dmitrieva, N. A., 2007. Russkoe neokantianstvo: ‘Marburg’ v Rossii. Istoriko-filosofskie ocherki [Russian Neo-Kantianism: Marburg in Russia. Historical and Philosophical Essays]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Rus.) Dmitrieva, N. A., 2021. The Kantian Origins of Sergei Rubinstein’s Theory of Moral Improvement. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 55(6), pp. 1126-1141. Edel, G., 2002. Fichte — Marburger ...

... Phenomenology: The Transition from “Construction” to “Description”. Istoricheskaja i sotsialno-obrazovatelnaja mysl’ [historical and socio-educational thought], 7(5.1), pp. 269-273. (In Rus.) Poma, A., 1997. The Critical Philosophy of Hermann Cohen.... ... [Philosophical Essays]. St. Petersburg: Tip. V.S. Balashov and Ko. (In Rus.) Zaikova, A. S., 2021. Discreteness and Continuity of Consciousness in Time. In: A.V . Smirnov and A. Ju. Antonovskiy, eds., 2021. Vos’moy Rossijskij filosofskij kongress “Filosofia ...

... Husserl-Ausgabe und Husserl-Forschung, Dorbrecht, S. 61—80. 15. Collins, A. 1999, Possible Experience: Understanding Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, University of California Press. 16. Gurwitsch, A. 2009, The Kantian and Husserlian Conceptions of Consciousness. I The Collected Works of Aron Gurwitsch (1901—1973), Vol. II. Springer. Pp. 149—174. 17. Husserl, E. 1959, Erste Philosophie (1923/4). Zweiter Teil: Theorie der phänomenologischen Reduktion, Husserliana VIII, Den Haag, Martinus Nijhoff....

... historical themes, including events of the Great Patriotic War, the settlement and recovery of the region, and the fate of the histori­cal and cultural heritage. The conclusion is drawn that during the Perestroika period, influ­enced by changes in public consciousness, there was a gradual incorporation of new historical images of the pre-war and post-war past of the region into poetic texts. Simultaneously, there was a tendency to preserve and partially reconsider certain components of the Soviet histori­cal narrative related to the war and the formation ...

... autobiographical texts are revealed, the main of which is the semantic opposition ‘present SELF — past SELF’, or ‘subject-reconstructor — subject-reconstruct’. The variability of the eventual plurality of the subject-reconstruct and the opposition ‘conscious SELF — unconscious SELF’ are interpreted as the next forms of representation of the substantive splitting of the structure of the speech subject. Bakhtin, M., 1975 Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel. Essays on Historical Poetics. In: Voprosy literatury i estetiki: Issledovaniya raznykh let [Questions of literature and aesthetics: Studies from different years]. Moscow, pp. 234—407 (in Russ.). Boldyrev, N. N., 2004 Conceptual space of cognitive linguistics....

The development of artificial intelligence and the new understanding of biomolecular processes for transmitting genetic information have emphasized the necessity to consider semiotic activity, that may operate autonomously from human cognition. In this regard, Charles Peirce’s latest conception of semiosis is of particular interest. For Peirce, semiosis is an interpretation that doesn't necessitate an external interpreter. A sign is viewed as a quasi-mind, and semiotic processes are carried out by...