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... agriculture. An optimal nutrient medium was selected to maximize spore production in Trichoderma. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma strains against fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Alternaria, and Mucor was assessed using the dual-culture method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using variance analysis. Special attention was paid to studying the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma strain consortia and evaluating their potential for developing an effective biopreparation....

... this study is to investigate the characteristics of soil cover and bioremediation on coal dumps. It is demonstrated that the lithological heterogeneity of disturbed territories in Kuzbass is influenced by mining technologies, which directly affect the methods of coal extraction. The study establishes that eluviated material on technogenically disturbed lands shows significant variations in physical and chemical properties depending on the conditions of formation. These differences determine the varying ...

....ru—highlighting the functional comparability of these services. To identify the causes of regional differences, a series of in-depth interviews were conducted with residents from various Russian regions. Additionally, comprehensive and cartographic analysis methods were used to study the spatial component. The study revealed spatial characteristics associated with the use of automotive online classifieds in different macro-regions of Russia. Furthermore, the research identifies key factors influencing spatial ...

The article is dedicated to summarizing the results of the inventory of the plant collection at the Botanical Garden of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU). Over the past 20 years, the taxonomic composition has nearly doubled. New collection sections have been created (for fruit plants, magnolias, lilacs, rhododendrons, medicinal plants, and others), and the reconstruction of the greenhouse collection has significantly enriched the assortment of tropical, subtropical, and arid plants...

... Kemerovo region. Unfortunately, coal mining causes significant environmental damage and is one of the most hazardous human activities. Coal dumps contribute to the degradation of vegetation, fauna, agricultural, and forest lands. Traditional reclamation methods have shown limited effectiveness and require improvement. Therefore, the aim of this article is to develop preliminary technological solutions for the biological reclamation of a coal mine dump in the Kemerovo region, located in the Prokopyevsky ...

... Soviet Union. The research is based on official data from national statistical departments, including the results of population censuses (both national and all-Union since 1959). The methodological foundation of the study includes general scientific methods (generalization, analysis, comparison), as well as statistical and cartographic methods. The study finds that the rate of decline in the number and share of Russians significantly increased after 2021, particularly in Estonia — by a factor of ...

The article addresses the integration of ethnocultural aspects of the Arctic issues concerning the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Russian Far East (ISNP) into the socio-economic development strategies (SEDS) of the regions and municipalities within the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The study is based on the authors' methodology for content analysis of strategies, which enables the identification of the presence of various Arctic-specific topics in...

... was to investigate the effects of protatrans on cell development and intracellular protein biosynthesis in the yeast Candida ethanolica. It was established that the effects of protatrans depend on the concentrations of these compounds as well as the method of their application (separate or combined). Positive effects of synthetic stimulants on cell development and intracellular protein accumulation were observed when they were jointly present in the nutrient medium. Thus, the studied protatrans can ...

... Krasnoznamensk district. Field research was conducted in the vicinity of the western part of the Neman forest and the Velikoe bog in 2022 and 2023. Laboratory processing of the collected materials with species identification was carried out using standard methods. The collected field materials significantly enriched the lichen collection of the KLGU herbarium with new specimens. As a result of the study, one hundred and five species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi were identified for the northwestern ...

... (including urban environments) as objects of social ecology. The aim of this work is to analyze the current state of the urban environment in terms of noise pollution and the creation of thematic environmental maps of urban noise pollution. Using statistical methods, the authors justified the need for such maps and identified the main problems arising in their development. It was empirically confirmed that noise pollution has significantly increased across Russia against the backdrop of a steady growth in ...

The center-periphery theory is one of the oldest and most frequently applied theories in spatial development. The aim of this article is to conduct a critical analysis of the center-periphery theory at the present stage, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses. To achieve this objective, an analysis was conducted of Russian and foreign works by specialists from various fields who have studied the center-periphery theory. The essential features of the theory and its transformation over time in terms...

... characteristics and predicting potential changes. This study aims to assess climate change in Russia’s North-East by analysing the continentality index as a complex integral indicator of these changes applicable to vast territories. Although there are many methods for assessing climate continentality, there is no uni­versal methodology. It is proposed in this contribution to employ two of the existing tech­niques. The first focuses on the area’s annual temperature amplitude and geographic latitude. ...

... analysis of demographic factors, population structure and economic growth in BRICS countries. Russian education exports to BRICS countries are quantified using measures such as the enrolment of BRICS nationals at IKBFU and employing the trend extrapolation method. The findings suggest that these countries possess significant human and economic resources, offering excellent oppor­tunities for the export of Russian education. BRICS, foreign students, international students, export of education, academic ...

... University of Chicago Legal Forum: Journal, 1, pp. 139-167. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429500480-5 . Dennett, D., 1991. Consciousness Explained. Edited by A. Lane. London: The Penguin Press. Feyerabend, P., 1981. Realism, Rationalism and Scientific Method: Philosophical Papers, Volume 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139171526 . Galison, P., 2004. Exchange Area: Coordination of Beliefs and Actions. Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniya i tekhniki [Issues of ...

... Carter. London: Macmillan and Co. Blumer, H., 1936. Social Attitudes and Nonsymbolic Interaction. The Journal of Educational Sociology, 9(9), pp. 515-523. https://doi.org/10.2307/2262360 . Blumer, H., 1969. Symbolic Interactionism; Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. Brown, J., 1936. Psychology and The Social Order: An Introduction to The Dynamic Study of Social Fields. New York & London: McGraw-Hill Book Co. Cramer, R., 1986. Eléments biographiques et bib­liographiques ...

... Kudryavtsev-Platonov, V. D., 1858. Iz istorii Novoj filosofii. Lekcii 1858 g. [From the History of the New Philosophy. Lectures of 1858]. In: Russian State Library, Manuscript Department. F. 823, B. 4, № 7. (In Rus.) Kudryavtsev-Platonov, V. D., 1905. Method of Philosophy. In: V. D. Kudryavtsev-Platonov, 1905. Sochineniya [Works] in 3 Volumes. Volume 1, part 1. Sergiev Posad: Tip. Sv.-Tr. Sergievoj Lavry, pp. 195-241. (In Rus.) Kudryavtsev-Platonov, V. D., 1914a. On the Basic Principles of Philosophical ...

... Disagreement. In: T. Henning, T. and D. P. Schweikard, eds. 2013. Knowledge, Virtue, and Action. Essays on Putting Epistemic Virtues to Work. New York & London: Routledge, pp. 72-98. Hardy, J. und Schamberger, C., 2015. Gibt es eine universale philosophische Methode? Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie, 63(4), S. 644-669. Hawking, S. and Mlodinow, L., 2010. The Grand Design. New York: Bentham Books. Höffe, O., 1998. Architektonik und Geschichte der reinen Vernunft. In: G. Mohr und M. Willaschek, Hg. 1998....

... itself as the genuine clarification of specifically philosophical proof. I first present the idea of Kant’s transcendental deduction in the Critique of Pure Reason as well as its Hegelian reading in the Science of Logic and reformulation as the very method of philosophy in the Philo­sophy of Right. I show what in the Kantian argumentation constituted the basis for Hegel’s own interpretation and transformation. In so doing, I highlight a ‘red thread’ between the two ideas of the transcendental ...

... dialogue between two authors with different views on analysis, philosophy, and the use of labels, the leading question is: How should one understand the expression ‘analytic philosophy’? Lewin argues that as there are no generally agreed tenets and methods of what is being called ‘analytic philosophy’, the name is to be replaced by a more specific one or abandoned. Williamson defends the use of this phrase, claiming that it is quite serviceable, as it relates to a broad tradition of influence,...

Kant’s metaphilosophy has three main parts: (1) an essentialist project (“What is philosophy?”); (2) a methodological project (“How do we do philosophy?”); and (3) a taxonomic project (“What are the different parts of philosophy, and how are they related?”). This paper focuses on the third project. In particular, it explores one of the most intriguing yet puzzling aspects of Kant’s philosophy, viz. the relationship between what Kant calls ‘pure’ philosophy vs. ‘applied’, ‘empirical’ or what we can...

There is a growing interest in both Kant’s conception of philosophy and contemporary metaphilosophy, understood as philosophical inquiry into philosophy, its aims, purpose, subjects, structure, practice and methods. Kant has not contributed to metaphilosophy qua contemporary discipline, but his direct analyses of what philosophy is and how it is to be done can be identified with general subjects and problems constituting the research field of metaphilosophy....

....org/10.1080/15213260701301194 . Bay, J. L. and Blackmon S., 2014. Inhabiting Professional Writing: Exploring Rhetoric, Play, and Community in Second Life. In: J. deWinter and R. M. Moeller, eds. 2014. Computer Games and Technical Communication. Critical Methods & Applications at the Intersection. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, pp. 211-231. Belov, S. I., 2022. Historical Symbolism of Video Games as a Factor in Correcting the Social Memory of the General Public (on the Materials of the Assassin’s Creed ...

... Rationalism and Skepticism. In: A. J. B. Hampton, ed. 2023. Friedrich Jacobi and the End of the Enlightenment: Religion, Philosophy, and Reason at the Crux of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 9-33. Descartes, R., 1985. Discourse on the Method. Translated by R. Stoothoff. In: R. Descartes, 1985. The Philosophical Writings. Volume 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 111-151. Harrison, P., 1999. Subduing the Earth: Genesis 1, Early Modern Science, and the Exploitation of Nature....

... Poverty, Exploitation, Mere Things and Mere Means. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 26, pp. 191-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-021-10238-9 . Sticker, M., 2022. Who Is Rationalising? On an Over­looked Problem for Kant’s Moral-Psychology and Method of Ethics. Kantian Journal, 41(1), pp. 7-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2022-1-1 . Stolleis, M., 1972. Staatsräson, Recht und Moral in philosophischen Texten des späten 18. Jahrhunderts. Meisenheim am Glan: Hein. Ugleva, A. V., 2022....

... col. 620-633. Schaumann, J. C. G., 1793. Versuch über Aufklärung, Freyheit und Gleichheit in Briefen. Nebst einer Prüfung der Rehbergischen Schrift über die französische Revolution. Halle: Gebauer. Schelling, F. W. J., 1803. Vorlesungen über die Methode des academischen Studium. Tübingen: Cotta. Schelling, F. W. J., 1806. Darlegung des wahren Verhältnisses der Naturphilosophie zu der verbesserten Fichteʼschen Lehre. Tübingen: Cotta. Schelling, F. W. J., 1861. Zur Geschichte der neueren Philosophie....

The review surveys the main ideas discussed at the international scientific conference “Immanuel Kant and the ‘New Enlightenment’” hosted by the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU) in Kaliningrad on 20-22 April 2022. It was organised by IKBFU’s research unit Academia Kantiana with the support of the Petersburg Dialogue Forum. Speakers analysed the theses of the Report to the Club of Rome, Come on! Capitalism, Short-termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet (2018), whose authors...

... and S. L. Frank whose intellectual affinity manifests itself today in the way they interpret Kantian motives in the work of Dostoyevsky. Reflecting on “the logic of imagination” Golosovker draws attention to the fact that the concrete-metaphysical method of seeing the world is not identical to the amphiboly of Kant’s reflexive concepts. He made it the central theme of his book, Dostoyevsky and Kant, immersing the philosophical component of the novel The Brothers Karamazov in the context of Kant’s ...

... The Philosophy of Religion of S. L. Frank in the Light of New Materials. Filosofskij zhurnal | Philosophy journal, 10(1), pp. 99-115. (In Rus.) Raushenbach, B. V., 1993. Trinity Logic. Voprosy Filosofii, 3, pp. 62-70 (In Rus.) Rickert, H., 1924. Die Methode der Philosophie und das Unmittelbare: Eine Problemstellung. Logos. Internationale Zeitschrift für Philosophie der Kultur, 12, pp. 235-280. Swoboda, P. J., 1995. Windelband’s Influence on S. L. Frank. Studies in East European Thought, 47(3-4),...

The emergence of S. L. Frank’s philosophy cannot be understood without clarifying his attitude to Immanuel Kant. Following the early representatives of the theory of cognition of his time who undertook to understand Kant in order to go beyond him (W. Windelband) and their warning against turning Kant’s philosophy into a dogma and allowing for diverse interpretations of Kant (P. Natorp), Frank saw Kant not as a critic and “destroyer” of metaphysics, but as a thinker who laid the foundations of a new...

The article aims to illustrate the inadequacy of viewing semiotics as a mere extension of linguistic methods applied to non-linguistic objects. It highlights the dual and recursive na­ture of semiotic terms. Semiotics' objects are not independent signs but rather the processes involved in establishing sign relations, specifically semiosis and semiopoiesis....

... if cer­tain components within it lack denotation: the articulation of a naming relation, the formula­tion of a propositional attitude of intention, and the formulation of a propositional attitude that conveys a metafictional context. Through these methods, the speaker's intent to indicate a real or fictional object becomes a constituent of thought, i. e., the sense of the sentence. Fic­tions themselves become components of thought when they are found in an indirect context, wherein their sense ...

The semiotic problem of the triad “sign – meaning – sense” is discussed as a methodolog­ical problem caused by philosophy of external realism and the representational theory of cog­nition based on it. Reification of linguistic signs, along with the erroneous view of the nature and function of language as a communication tool rather than the mode of existence of hu­mans as living (cognitive) systems, impedes scientific explanation of both language and lin­guistic signs. As an alternative, the core...

I discuss the relation of linguistics and semiotics on the basis of the Old Russian discourse particle TI1 ‘indeed’, ‘verily’, ‘truly’ discovered by Andrej A. Zaliznjak in 1993. Linguistics and semiotics are different research programmes: the first one deals with specific features of language structures, while the second one discusses general characteristics of all sign systems, from a perspective of interpreting most or all of them as secondary respective to natural language. Formal models of language...

The article examines the principles and methods of constructing discourse that emerges through a unique combination of socio-cultural and linguistic factors in the context of a European metropolis. Participants involved are representatives of the first and second wave of Russian emigration: ...

... ‘non-interpretation’ regarded as interruptions in the flow of speech due to difficulties. Video recordings of a TEDtalk on biology interpreted from English into Russian by 24 simultaneous interpreters are analyzed with the help of quantitative and qualitative methods. The distribution of gestures with the moments of ‘non-interpretation’ indicates that referential (representational and deictic) gestures serve the compensatory function of strengthening the mappings between three frames of reference in which ...

... langue: Ouvrage utile pour l'intelligence des Auteurs, et qui peut servir d'introduction à la Rhétorique et à la Logique (1730). Paris. Eco, U., 2003. Mouse or Rat? Translation as Negotiation. London. Gadamer, H.-G., 1986. Hermeneutik II: Wahrheit und Methode: Ergänzungen, Regis­ter. Tübingen. Hartmann, P., 1958. Zur kategorialen Grundlegung der Syntax. Münchener Stu­dien zur Sprachwissenschaft, 12, pp. 25—48. Hönig, H., 1995. Konstruktives Übersetzen. Tübingen. Jackendoff, R., 2010. Meaning ...

... their role in the organisation of the poetic text and connection with the poet's worldview. The research uses the Poetic Subcorpus of the Russian National Corpus as its material and employs corpus, semantic field, and structural-functional analysis methods. The results show a higher frequency of words with the meaning ‘Information receipt than Information search’ as personifiers, with varying distribution over the comparison of ‘question-answer’ images. The analyzed figurative language introduces ...

... axiological binary opposition truth-lie, based on the material of the English language. In English, the verbalised concept truth encodes information about both objective truth as well as its subjective perception and re-translation. A combination of methods — definitional, frame and conceptual analyses — makes it possible to investigate and model the structure of the frames TRUTH and LIE, identify their main slots and the type of conceptual information they encode. The results of the analyses ...

... metapragmatic function. In: J. A. Lucy, ed. Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics. Cambridge, pp. 33—58, https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511621031.004 . Spitzmüller, J. and Warnke, I. H., 2011. Discourse as a ‘linguistic object’: method­ical and methodological delimitations. Critical Discourse Studies, 8 (2), pp. 75—94, https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2011.558680 . Swales, J. M., 1990. Genre Analysis: English in academic and research settings. 3d ed. Cambridge. Szabla, M....

... 1906—1921]. Moscow, 370 p. (in Russ.). Przełęcki, M., 1983. On the meaning of indexicals. Studia Logica , 42, pp. 285—291, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01063847 . Stepanov, Yu. S., 1998. Yazyk i Metod. K sovremennoi filosofii yazyka [Language and Method. Towards the Modern Philosophy of Language]. Moscow, 784 p. (in Russ.). Tаrski, A., 1944. The Semantic Conception of Truth, Philosophy and Phenomenolo­gical Research , 4 (3), pp. 341—376. Vinogradov, V. V., 1930. O khudozhestvennoi proze ...

... the reasons why I do not follow the standard interpretations of how one derives concrete duties from Kant’s main formulation of the Categorical Imperative or the Formula of Humanity. Finally, I shall present the textual evidence that Kant proposes a method like the one we use today during a pandemic, and argue that this alternative interpretation can deal much better with the main objections that are commonly levelled against the standard interpretation of Kant’s procedure to derive concrete duties ...

... Imperativs der Sittlichkeit. Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik, 14, pp. 167-213. Graband, C., 2005. Das Vermögen der Freiheit. Kants Kategorien der praktischen Vernunft. Kant-Studien, 96, pp. 41-65. Gregor, M. J., 1963. Laws of Freedom. A Study of Kant’s Method of Applying the Categorical Imperative in the Metaphysik der Sitten. New York: Barnes & Noble. Haas, B., 1997. Die Kategorien der Freiheit. In: H. Oberer, ed. 1997. Kant. Analysen — Probleme — Kritik. Volume 3. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann,...

Kant’s mourning letter or necrology for his student Johann Friedrich von Funk (1760) has hardly been received. This study attempts to change this by explaining the contexts of the short missive. In the first part this concerns in particular the influence that Gottsched exerted on the style of such printed speeches or necrolo­gies. Kant’s references therefore to the ‘Royal German Society’ in Königsberg and its founder Flottwell, a friend of Gottsched’s, are described. The influence of the Roman Stoa...

... Edited and comp. by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 52-61. (In Rus.) Shpet, G. G., 2014. Istorija kak problema logiki: Kriti­cheskie i metodologicheskie issledovanija. Chast’ pervaja. Materialy [History as a Problem of Logic: Critical and Method­ological Studies. Part One: Materials]. Edited and commented by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow & St. Petersburg: Universitetskaja kniga. (In Rus.) Shpet, G., 2019a. Wisdom or Reason? In: G. Shpet, 2019. Hermeneutics and Its Problems. With Selected Essays ...

... Part 1]. Edited and commented by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow: ROSSPEN. (In Rus.) Shpet, G. G., 2014. Istorija kak problema logiki: Kri­ticheskie i metodologicheskie issledovanija. Chast’ pervaja. Materialy [History as a Problem of Logic: Critical and Method­ological Studies. Part One: Materials]. Edited and commented by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow & St. Petersburg: Universitetskaja kniga. (In Rus.) Shpet, G., 2019. Philosophy and History. In: G. Shpet, 2019. Hermeneutics and Its Problems. With Selected ...

... it to the capacity to convey what has been understood and to err. Finally, Shpet’s methodology (the question of identity and difference) and the role of terminology in his own works is considered. The positing of identity as the starting point of method accords with Shpet’s conviction that terms have meaning and explanatory power. Contrary to Shpet, it is difference that is the initial experience and the key term in phenomenological and post-phenomenological philosophy. Brentano, F., 2022....

The authors attempt to look back on discussions of Marxist philosophy and historical materialism in this country without censoring, obfuscating, or simplifying issues in order to assess the prospects of their development. They focus on the work of a follower of Georgy Plekhanov, Lyubov Axelrod, who, in developing the concept of historical materialism, turned to Kant. Axelrod’s published works (from early articles and a dissertation on Tolstoy’s worldview, to her mature works on the history of materialism...

... Petersburg: Nestor-Istoria, 652 p. (in Russ.). Zimmerling, A. V., 2023. Really: syntactics without semiotics? Slovo.ru: Baltic Ac­cent, 14 (3), pp. 125—153, https://doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-9 (in Russ.). Zolyan, S. T., 2023. Where does the method come from? On the self-sufficiency of semiotic objects. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent, 14 (4), pp. 137—152, https://doi.org/10.5922/ 2225-5346-2023-4-8 (in Russ.). natural languages, linguistics, semiotics, art sciences, gram­mar, lexicon, connectors ...

The article addresses the challenges associated with standardizing and unifying the spel­ling of toponyms in Kazakhstan. The authors conduct an analysis of the linguistic varia­bility of toponyms, exploring methods for their transcription into Kazakh, Russian, and Eng­lish languages. The study's findings reveal that a majority of the country's geographical names un­dergo various modifications. The authors identify and scrutinize several types of transfor­ma­tions,...

... studying the phenomenon of instructions and the representation of the indisputable position of faith in the ancient culture of the Anglo-Saxons is posed. The overall goal and objectives of the study determine the com­plex nature of the traditional methods used for philological analysis of texts and the semiotic approach to texts. The analysis of the Old English text showed the interweaving of plots of the Old and New Testaments, reflecting opposing views on poverty and wealth, sacrifices, acts ...