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The article addresses the challenges associated with standardizing and unifying the spel­ling of toponyms in Kazakhstan. The authors conduct an analysis of the linguistic varia­bility of toponyms, exploring methods for their transcription into Kazakh, Russian, and Eng­lish languages. The study's findings reveal that a majority of the country's geographical names un­dergo various modifications. The authors identify and scrutinize several types of transfor­ma­tions, including transliteration, phonetic...

This article aims to explore the significant challenges posed by phenomenological un­translatables while also emphasizing their role as cultural phenomena. Phenomenological untranslatables are typically associated with a specific cultural, historical, or social context, and their meanings are shaped by the unique experiences of the community that uses them. They encode complex elements of human perception, emotions, or phenomena that do not have direct equivalents in other languages. Yet, the absence...

This study identifies and characterises a class of lexical units — imperative speech cli­chés, exemplified by expressions such as krepis'! [hold on!], prekrati! [stop it!] or ne lez' [back off!]. It defines the concept of imperative speech clichés and investigates the role of pragmati­cisation in their formation. The general properties of imperative clichés are described: most are either never employed with the negative particle ne [not] or are utilised exclusively with this particle. In speech communication...

... linguistic polite­ness. The literature review and data analysis revealed two interactional contexts where ad­dressing by a given name is foregone or does not seem to be preferential despite the speaker's acquaintance with the corresponding term of identification: communication between family members and service encounters. For some pieces of data, a description framed in terms of linguistic politeness appears to be suitable. Yet, a first-name address can function as not only a mitigating device ...

This article examines the pragmatic meaning of the slang lexeme chuvak [dude], primar­ily when used as an address. The study aims to identify the components of this pragmatic meaning that contributed to the resurgence of the lexical unit in the 21st century after a peri­od of usage decline and oblivion. Currently, the word chuvak is an integral part of youth vernacular. The pragmatics of the word chuvak was analysed by methods of corpus analysis and questionnaire survey. It was concluded that...

... cinematic imagination allow the recipient not so much to relate to the author as to acquire an unexpected co-author, a sub-medial subject capable of replacing the author's intention with another intention or compro­mi­sing the former. In printed text, identification is possible with the submedial subject, whereas in digital text, disidentification is feasible. The evolution from literary text through digital cinema to interactive digital forms highlights the difference between the recipients of literary ...

This article addresses the problem of identifying hidden borrowings in the Russian language of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The authors pay particular attention to expressions that convey meanings whose semiotic 'form' utilises linguistic elements pre-existing in the recipient language. The mechanism of embedding a semantic calque into an already existing model of signification is illustrated using the example of the collocation kak po mne and its interaction with the original Russian...

This paper analyses the operation of the ‘qui pro quo’ principle in Zinaida Gippius's sto­ry “Ivan Ivanovich and the Devil.” Rooted in a comedic literary device based on misunder­standing and confusion, the ‘qui pro quo principle’ was identified by Rita Kleyman as a key element in the poetics of Fedor Dostoevsky's works, particularly in his novel “The Brothers Karamazov”. Scholars have frequently noted the connection between Gippius's story and Dostoevsky’s novel. However, the presence of another...

The article presents a historical and scientific analysis of the oral presentations and other works that criticized Boris Eikhenbaum’s “Melodics of Verse” and Viktor Zhirmunsky’s “Rhyme, Its History and Theory” from the perspective of Moscow formalism. The overview relies on unknown materials, which can thus be introduced into scholarly discourse. It refers to the presentations made by the philologist and philosopher Maksim Kœnigsberg and the literary scholar Mikhail Shtokmar, a student of Boris...

The article presents the findings of a study on the attitudes toward profanity among Muscovites born between 1962 and 2011, all from families with higher education backgrounds. The research explores how respondents understand the term ‘mat,’ their views on societal restrictions regarding profanity, self-assessed frequency of using profanities and purposes for it, as well as the evolution of the attitudes toward profanity over different life stages. The study is based on the analysis of 20 interviews...

The role of verbal aggression in the promotion of specific value-regulatory systems, par­ticularly those of a religious nature, has not been extensively explored in contemporary schol­arship. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which verbal aggression is produced and employed as a means of preserving and advancing the Rodnoverie ideology within the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet. To achieve this, a comprehensive methodology is employed, incorporating both functional-semantic...

The article presents a reflection on Alexander Fedorov's project aimed at analysing the future and the model of production. This model facilitates the correlation of factors related to subjectivity and sociality within the process of future production. Notably, the work emphasizes Alexander Fedorov's assertion regarding the pivotal role of children and childhood and the typology of actors involved in this process. The proposed concept and model establish a fertile ground for further interdisciplinary...

The technology for microalgae production in incubators involves optimizing cultivation conditions for a specific identified strain. However, when working with samples isolated from environmental objects, it is often necessary to deal with unidentified strains, making it challenging to maintain optimal cultivation conditions. In this study, 10 isolates of Chlorella species were used, which were subsequently divided into 3 growth groups based on the volume of the basic culture medium and temperature...

The results of studying the accumulation capabilities of mosses in two peatland ecosystems with different levels of disturbance in the Kaliningrad region—on the Bolshoye bog and the Wittgiren peatland—are presented. The study focused on widely distributed species of mosses: Aulacomnium palustre, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum centrale, S. cuspidatum, S. fuscum, S. magellanicum, and S. squarrosum, as well as the reference species Pleurozium schreberi. Using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, the content...

The concept of a digital twin (hereafter referred to as DT) is discussed as a complex cyber-physical system that represents a virtual representation of physical objects, processes, or systems. A retrospective analysis of the evolution of this technology is conducted, starting from its origins in NASA’s practice and culminating in contemporary conceptual approaches, such as the product life cycle model proposed by Michael Grieves and the multi-physics models developed by Glassgen. Unlike simple modeling...

Due to the ethnogeographic diversity of American society, the issue of employment differences between ethnogeographic groups in the United States continues to attract considerable attention from social science researchers. However, despite a substantial body of work on this topic, the question of changes in the employment structure of ethnogeographic groups across space has been relatively overlooked. In this regard, the present study aims to identify spatial differences in the employment of ethnogeographic...

The article examines the dynamics of the territorial structure of contact zones between Slavic and Turkic peoples in the Volga-Ural region during the second decade of the 21st century. The empirical basis of the study consists of ethnic statistics at the municipal level, derived from the 2010 and 2021 population censuses. The article employs original methodologies for identifying the external boundaries of two-component ethno-contact zones, assessing their degree of distinctiveness and ethnic contrast...

This study focuses on investigating atmospheric zinc deposition in the Kaliningrad Re­gion using biomonitoring methods. The moss species Pleurosium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens, collected in 2020, were selected as bioindicators. The primary aim of the study was to assess the spatial distribution of atmospheric air pollution by zinc in the region and to identify its sources. Epithermal neutron activation analysis was used to determine the metal content in the moss samples. The obtained data...

The development of domestic tourism in Russia requires the more active integration of recreationally significant territories into this sector. This fully applies to the Kaliningrad coast of the Baltic Sea, as evidenced by the increased volume of tourist flows in recent years. A comprehensive approach to assessing the attractiveness of areas located in the "land—sea" contact zone is proposed, based on a component-wise evaluation method using 25 indicators that reflect the natural characteristics...

This article examines the history of geoecological research on cities, tracing developments from the origins of the field to current trends. The following key stages in the evolution of geoecological studies of urban areas are identified: (1) early research, spanning from the 19th century to the early 20th century; (2) the development of geoecology and urban ecology in the mid-20th century; (3) the rise of eco-urbanism and sustainable development during the 1970s—1990s; and (4) contemporary trends...

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly contributing to hotel branding initiatives within the hospitality industry. This study investigates the potential applications of AI in the hospitality sector, using the hotel services industry as a case study. A generative AI chatbot (ChatGPT 4, YandexGPT 2) was employed to model hotel branding based on a set of predefined parameters, focusing on two historic districts of Kaliningrad. The results indi­cate that the architectural styles and...

Heavy metals cadmium and lead are among the widely distributed pollutants in the envi­ronment due to the activities of the industrial, livestock, and agricultural sectors. These heavy metals can cause serious physiological and biochemical disturbances in vertebrates and inver­tebrates, which makes bioindication and the assessment of heavy metal toxicity using specific protein markers highly relevant. For insects, as the most widespread group of invertebrates in ecosystems, contamination with traces...

The article presents an assessment of the sustainability and variability of regional gas­tronomic brands in Russia. Based on the analysis of the regions’ participation in the national competition “Flavors of Russia” in 2020—2021, gastronomic events held in Russian regions in 2024 and 2025, as well as information on the gastronomic characteristics of Russian re­gions provided on the TasteAtlas platform, a typology of regional gastronomic brands has been developed. This typology takes into account...

The article addresses the identification of the most suitable coastal areas of Primorsky Krai for the installation of offshore wind farms, including the potential use of the generated electricity for the production of “green” hydrogen. The analytic hierarchy process, combined ...

The study examines the impact of the development of the road network on the dynamics of socio-economic indicators of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District in the context of the implementation of Russia’s Spatial Development Strategy. Based on a correlation anal­ysis of data for the period 2007—2023, which includes 22 indicators of socio-economic dy­namics and 6 parameters of road infrastructure, key patterns of interaction between the transport network and regional development dynamics...

The aim of the article is to assess the current level of digitalization in rural areas of the regions of the Central Federal District of Russia. A comprehensive methodology for evaluat­ing the level of digitalization has been developed, which includes 12 indicators grouped into three categories: the development of ICT infrastructure, digital community, and digital ser­vices. The indicator of rural digitalization is represented by an integral index (IDRA). The index was calculated using statistical...

The study examines the factors limiting investment inflows into the development of re­sort infrastructure in the North Caucasus Federal District. Particular attention is given to the consequences of inefficient spatial distribution of resort facilities, which generate signifi­cant environmental threats and negatively affect the sustainable functioning of the region’s tourist and recreational systems. The research methodology employed systemic, comparative, and structural analysis. The study identified...

The literary fate of the German dramatist Heiner Müller is paradoxical. Despite his plays being part of the main repertoire in many of the world’s leading theaters, he faced prolonged censorship both in his homeland, the German Democratic Republic, and in Russia. However, interest in his works has grown significantly in recent years. Müller's major works have been translated into Russian, and his plays are increasingly staged in domestic theatres. Alongside these theatrical productions, Russian researchers...

This article is the study of the Chinese characters through the semiotic weakening law. The hieroglyphic sign shapes the Chinese linguistic and cultural domain following the unique algorithm to code information. However, the linear principle of the Indo-European semiotics can hardly be applied to the Chinese semiotics with the hieroglyph sign at its heart. This makes the problem of the research obvious, that is to study cognitive processes that underlie the formation of the Chinese characters. The...

This paper investigates the semantic adaptation of new borrowings in Russian, addressing a gap in research on this topic. The relevance of the study stems from the ambiguous and often negative public perception of the increasing number of borrowings in the Russian language. The study aims to classify these borrowings and identify the under­lying causes of the borrowing process. The central hypothesis is that the semantic adaptation of borrowings is determined by the types of cognitive categorization...

... emotionalization, profiling, attribution, framing, scripting, and their numerous combinations form the basis of manipulation in modern English-language media texts. These processes are characterized by dynamism and polydomain interaction, making their identification and analysis even more complex. The dynamic nature of conceptual transfers is driven by the functioning of the experiencer's conceptual system, which continuously processes sensory data at pre-conceptual, conceptual, and category levels....

This study is driven by the growing importance of political rhetoric in international relations, where the linguistic tools employed by the speaker serve as instruments for strategically managing the perception of the audience. It also addresses the interplay between language and politics under conditions of global international tensions. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the verbalization of communicative strategies within the foreign policy discourse of the President of the Russian...

The discursive approach to the study of politeness has expanded its scope by incorpo­ra­ting the hearer, in addition to the speaker, as well as the context of interaction, which de­ter­mines various aspects of communication, including the emotional/emotive dimension. This ar­ticle examines politeness through the prism of the emotional component of communication. It contributes to the study of emotive politeness, which focuses on the recipient's feelings, in face-threatening acts. The purpose of this...

This study explores the organization of multimodal systems, mediated by two types of hierarchical regulations: systemic regulations governing each mode (speech and gesture) and multimodal regulations operationalizing mode alignment. To identify these regulations, we examine the variability of the multimodal speech-gesture system, modulated by the cognitive factor of vague reference in expository dialogue. The data were collected in an experiment involving native Russian speakers explaining the differences...

... revolutionary-destroyer of the 1920s, to the builder-creator of the 1930s; from the obedient executor—a cog in the state machine—of the 1940s and 1950s, to the individual of ‘developed socialism’ in the 1960s—1970s. This, in turn, allows for the identification of both the internal limitations of the ‘new Soviet man’ concept—above all, its dependence on ideology—and its transhistorical vitality and enduring appeal. ‘new Soviet man’, concept, semiotics, Strugatsky brothers, ”The ...

The paper discusses the latest results of the study of pragmalinguistic and proper linguistic mechanisms for expressing implicit evaluativeness of words and expressions of the Russian language in their discursive implementation. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the pragmatics of the induced evaluativeness in the context of the initially nonevaluative event verb ‘sovershit’sya’ in comparison with the previously considered quasi-synonymous lexeme ‘svershit’sya’. The author's...

... mirror gestures for merging viewpoints vs. opposing viewpoints. Namely, pointing gestures are significantly more often associated with agreement, while binary gestures are more commonly linked to the opposition of viewpoints. The approach enables the identification of gestures with regular positioning functions in dialogue (i. e., recurrent gestures). From a cognitive perspective, certain features of embodied cognition in dialogic communication have been identified. The findings confirm the significance ...

The article is devoted to connectives, i. e., functional words and constructions whose primary function is to express semantic relations between units of discourse. It aims to explore the pragmatic dimension of connectives, which remains largely underappreciated in linguistic pragmatics to date. Given that the concept of pragmatics has at least two distinct interpretations in linguistic research—here termed the epistemological (pragmatics as shared knowledge activated in discourse production and...

The article presents the results of a study of the semiotic potential of urban sculptures as carriers of the city’s cultural code. It also offers an analysis of specific segments of this cultural code that have become integral to it as a result of conceptual transformation viewed through a semiotic lens. The relevance of the research stems from the growing attention to the role of visual culture in shaping the identity of contemporary urban residents, as well as from the need to develop analytical...

... often used in a negative sense, whe­reas the words ‘peterburgnutyj’ and ‘piternutyj’ have both negative and positive mea­nings. The analysis of examples of the words ‘moskvanutyj’, ‘piternutyj, and ‘peterburgnutyj’ allo­wed for the identification of the meanings based on the stereotypes associated with life in the capitals. The study reveals that the word ‘moskvanutyj’ expresses the meanings associated with a negative assessment of Moscow residents, rejection of their pace of ...

The article provides a comparative description of different types of metaphors based on an analysis of the prose of Hrant Matevosyan (1935—2002), a classic of Armenian literature. To analyze the specific type of societal relations reproduced by Matevosyan in his Tsmakut Cycle, the article uses the model of ‘mix of mores (Sittlichkeit), which refers to the spontaneous movement of morals considered from an ontological point of view. In the hopeless struggle to preserve this syncretic environment of...

The article is devoted to the study of the pragmatic aspects of visual communication in the modern urban environment. The physical objects of the city are interpreted as a text aimed at transmitting specific information to its residents. The research focuses both on the processes of meaning-making—based on the interaction of various semiotic resources such as co­lour, imagery, graphic design, texture, and verbal signs—and on the reception and deco­ding of this mosaic of visually perceived signs by...

The article analyzes the social factors that influence the content of tour narratives. Based on interviews with tour guides from Kaliningrad, the study identifies the main social requirements of guiding practice and the corresponding constraints these impose on narration. Among the key social regulators of tour narratives, the article highlights the process of socialization, the social context of the excursion itself, where group dynamics come into play, as well as institutional control. The study...

The article presents the results of a study on the cultural code of the city, using Saint Petersburg as a case study. The author conceptualizes the city as a symbolic space saturated with meanings that can be encoded and decoded. Accordingly, the study employs the category of the ‘cultural code’ as a relatively stable system for organizing cultural meanings mentally rooted in the collective representations of the city and determining how the city is perceived by its residents. The cultural code reflects...

The article continues research on the internal organization of the corpus of prayers by the well-known statesman and writer of the first half of the 17th century, Prince Simeon Shakhovsky. The structure and thematic organization of this corpus of Shakhovsky’s eu­chological compositions are identified based on a study of the tradition of private prayer rules (the so-called bedtime prayers) of the early 17th century. It is established that three clearly distinguished groups of prayers in this corpus...