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This article examines the concept of cultural memory. Special attention is paid to historiographical texts as a means of representation of cultural memory. The author analyses and compares theories describing relations between historiographical and literary texts. Such relations are based on the fiction/non-fiction opposition. It is concluded that the aesthetic component assumes significance in structuring historiographical texts. 1. Assmann, A., Assmann J., 1994. Das Gestern im Heute. Medien...

... historical identity of the country of the target language. Realia make it possible to reconstruct selected aspects of the national character and study the axiology of modern native speakers. The analysis of non-equivalent, background and connotative lexis in the course of language acquisition stimulates reflection on extralinguistic (historical) information and thus contributes to cultural competences. 1. Vereshchagin, E. M., Kostomarov, V. G., 1990. Yazyk i kul'tura: Lingvostranovedenie v prepodavanii ...

This article considers the synthesis of information transference in space and time and examines the etymology of Indo-European lexis. The author pays attention to the origin of the lexis connected with the ‘bear’ semantics. The bear taboo was developing against the background of information passed on from one tradition to another and of ideas imported within cultural transfer....

This article considers the key provisions relating to the nature and structure of the word in human mental space. The author distinguishes between the word as an asset of an individual (the “living” word) and the word as found in a dictionary. It is concluded that there is a dramatic difference between the mental lexicon and a dictionary as a lexico¬graphic unit. 1. Анохин К. В. Когнитом: в поисках общей теории когнитивной науки // Шестая международная конференция по когнитивной науке : тез. докл...

1. Приход Cв. Николая — первый русский православный приход в Норвегии // Ortodoks i Norge. URL: http://www.ortodoks.com/ (дата обращения:15.02.2012). 2. Протоиерей Александр Рубец (Рубец Александр Александрович) (Roubetz) (1882—1956) // Религиозные деятели русского зарубежья. URL: http://zarubezhje.narod.ru/rs/r_009.htm (дата обращения: 15.02.2012). 3. Путь моей жизни. Воспоминания Митрополита Евлогия (Георгиевского), изложенные по его рассказам Т. Манухиной. URL: http://lib.rus.ec/b/322548/read#t34...

This article considers the temporal constants of the holiday of Christmas in I. S. Shmelev’s novel The Summer of the Lord. The key to understanding the verbal image of a holiday is the lines based on Christmas chants. An analysis of lexical and grammatical means of expressing temporal semantics shows that the past and the eternally present amalgamate in the description of a holiday: in the supra-temporal reality of a holiday, everything abides in the atemporal “now”. 1. Вейсман А. Д. Греческо-русский...

This article offers a review of the activities of I.P. Khmelnitsky at the Königsberg University of the 1760s, examines the ideational and philosophical context, and identifies the role and position of Khmelnitsky in the intellectual polemics of the mid-18th century. The author emphasises that D. Weymann referred to Khmelnitsky’s works when debating with I. Kant. 1. Аноним. Хмельницкий, Иван Парфентевич // Русский биографический словарь. СПб., 1901. Т. 21. 2. Болотов А. Т. Жизнь и приключения Андрея...

This article analyses the Königsberg context of the activities of 18th century enlighteners — Johann Gotthelf Lindner and Jacob Lange — in the Baltics and offers an overview of their linguistic works. On the basis of the hypothesis about the influence of the Königsberg spirit of Enlightenment on the formation of Lindner’s and Lange’s linguistic activities, the author shows that, in the Baltics, the Enlightenment had several modifications differing in forms and objectives. It is demonstrated that...

This article considers the radical changes in the functioning of literary lexis in the Russian language of the early 21st century, namely the causes and consequences of the semantic devaluation of the noun пафос and its syntactic derivate, the adjective пафосный, whose semantic transformation is explained by the ...

Transcendental philosophy was not born like Athena out of Zeus’s head, mature and in full armour from the very beginning. That is why in both prefaces to the Critique of Pure Reason (1781 and 1787) Kant introduces the concept of transcendental philosophy as an “idea.” The idea understood architectonically develops slowly and only gradually acquires a definite form. As witnessed by the works of Kant himself and of his predecessors and followers, the idea of transcendental philosophy has undergone...

It is necessary to reconsider P. M. S. Hacker’s assessment of Kant and Wittgenstein’s philosophical affinities and the question concerning Wittgenstein’s alleged use of “transcendental arguments”. First, Alfred Norman’s reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus as a thought experiment receives revision to develop a view of the Critique of Pure Reason as a large-scale thought experiment that shares important logical features with the Tractatus. Then the question is addressed whether the middle...

The house which Immanuel Kant bought in Königsberg in 1783 has not survived, having been pulled down in the late nineteenth century. Likewise, hardly any of the great philosopher’s personal belongings have survived. Many pieces of furniture and household utensils were auctioned off after his death. So the Kant museum had few original exhibits from the Königsberg thinker’s house, and almost all these artefacts were lost during the Second World War. Today, digital technologies make it possible to present...

Kant’s deduction of the Christian doctrine of justification, respectively the doctrine of grace, leads to the question in what sense philosophy can deal with God’s grace without falsely replacing it with its own arguments. Kant’s answer (a) is that the imputation of evil without attempt to justify it by means of one’s own resources requires thinking of God as the external judge in the internal court of justice, respectively as one’s conscience. This reference to God implies that one makes oneself...

The prevailing interpretations of Spinoza’s ethical theory view it as an example of heteronomy in the Kantian sense of the term. I make a case for the claim that is not in harmony with such interpretations. In the course of the argument I discuss Kant’s concepts of autonomy and heteronomy showing how they refer to will and to ethics. Then I describe a group of interpretations which portray Spinoza’s moral theory as heteronomous. My critique begins by presenting some textual evidence which vividly...

In the focus of my attention there are six German-language textbooks in logic published in the second half of the eighteenth century. What distinguishes these books is that they were all written specially for women. While such works were fairly common in France and Italy during this period, they had something of an exotic character in the German-speaking world. Today these works and their authors are generally seen as secondary and marginal. Nevertheless, they may be of substantial interest in the...

The sources of Kant’s term Gesinnung and a review of the problems of its translation into English were presented in the first part of this article; the second part examines the novel features that Kant brings to the interpretation of this concept in the critical period. In the Critique of Practical Reason these include the questions of manifestation of Gesinnung in the world, apprehended through the senses, the method of establishing and the culture of truly moral Gesinnung, as well as the problem...

The aim is to examine Alois Riehl’s contribution to the “culture war” (Kulturkampf) in the second half of the nineteenth century. We show that he used Kant’s autonomy principle to argue against the idea that religious dogmatism is a fundament of morality. We prove this thesis by focusing on the forgotten historical background, which is important for an understanding of Morals und Dogma. Originally this essay was an expert opinion for the court case of the socialist H. Tauschinski who was accused...

The study of the “first wave” of reactions to the Critique of Pure Reason in Germany from the second half of the 1780s until the beginning of the nineteenth century reveals the paradoxical status of the Kantian transcendental subject. While the existence of the transcendental subject, whatever the term means, is not open to question since it arises from the very essence of critical philosophy, the fundamental status of the subject is sometimes questioned in this period. Although the meaning of the...

I argue that Kant has developed a broad systematic account of the architectonic functionality of pure reason that can be used and advanced in contemporary contexts. Reason, in the narrow sense, is responsible for the picture of a well-ordered universe of science consisting of architectonic ideas of science, sciences and parts of sciences. In the first section (I), I show what Kant means by the architectonic ideas by explaining and interrelating the concepts of (a) the faculty of reason, (b) ideas...

Carl Arnold Wilmans received his degree of doctor in philosophy in Halle in 1797 for a bold thesis. He claimed a latent similarity between Kant’s enlightened philosophy of religion and the pure mysticism of some so-called separatists — and sent his work to Kant. The fact that and how the latter re­acted to it, makes the matter all the more interesting. Could Kant have been a secret mystic? The following study attempts to give a differ­entiated presentation of Kant’s intellectual relationship with...

The article broaches the issue of Kant’s claim of the enlightenment of the philosophizing subject by tracing his criticism of philosophical enthusiasm (“Schwärmerei”). For Kant intellectual intuition (“intellektuelle Anschauung”) serves in case of philosophical enthusiasm as a reason for the justification of philosophical knowledge. This determination is a threat for his project of enlightenment, because it entices the philosophizing subject to contradict the maxim of self-thinking. In order to show...

The first part of the article describes general development of Kant studies in Königsberg as a local movement (not a school) with some special traits, which has significantly contributed to the culture of the town. Core activities were formed by the Society of Kant’s Friends, as well as by archival studies, i. e. collecting, annotating and publishing Kant’s manuscripts, correspondence, and lecture notes. In view of primary and secondary sources we would suggest to structure this movement in four...

Kant scholars have rarely addressed the notion of optimism as it was interpreted by the Königsbergian philosopher in the mid-18th century. The notion originates from Leibniz’s Theodi­cy and from debates over whether the actual world is the best of all possible worlds. The first of a two-part series, this article studies the historical context in which appeared Kant’s 1759 lecture advertisement leaflet entitled An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism. The study describes the requirements of the...

The origin of science and the demarcation between science and metaphysics are the main features of early modern period. This demarcation faces a particular problem with conceptualisation of body, which can be considered both as just physical body and as closely bound up with spirit. Different ways of explaining the interaction between mind and body form the complex tradition, which significantly influenced Kant’s precritical writings. Limitation of the crucial distinction between these two substances...

Postulates play an important role in Kant’s philosophy. Kant’s understanding of this term differs from the previous tradition. For Kant, postulates are originally subjective propositions necessarily supposed as objective ones. Otherwise, the systematic theoretical cognition and compliance with the moral law become impossible. However, this feature of Kant’s word usage is hardly taken into consideration. That is why Kant is wrongly accused of atheism. 1. Аристотель. Вторая аналитика // Собр. соч...

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the content, meaning, and scenarios of applying the transcendental principles of public law formulated in the second appendix to Kant’s treatise Toward Perpetual Peace. The author compares different interpretations of these principles by Russian and international researchers. The article strives to answer the question as to what type of ‘public’ is meant by these principles, whether these principles can serve as a priori criteria for selecting maxims...

This article considers Lessing’s theatrical project of establishing a German National theatre aimed at founding a “school of morality” in Hamburg. In the 18th century, Hamburg was considered a stronghold of freedom in the opposition between the two forms of being — the feudal and burgher’s ones — having become a capital of the new system of values. Philosophy and arts served as a means in this struggle against dogmatism and feudal absolutism. In this atmosphere, a newconceptual culture emerged. This...

The originality of Kant’s answer to the question of the Enlightenment in a 1784 article consisted not in addressing the words of Horace, which was commonplace in Germany of the time, but in linking it to the revised legal notion of immaturity, which is now interpreted from the philosophical and theological perspective and has become one of key philosophical notions. However, Kant’s view is fraught with certain complications: firstly, it is dominated by negative characteristics; secondly, unlimited...

The formation of science and its separation from metaphysics are among the key characteristics of the early modern period. This separation faces a particular problem with conceptualization of body, which, while being a physical body, is closely bound up with spirit. Different ways of explaining the interaction between mind and body form a complex tradition, which has significantly influenced Kant’s pre-Critical writings. Reducing that crucial distinction between two substances to the empirical sphere...

The 18th century philosophy actively used the notion of machine in its extended meaning, especially when describing both the world as a whole and its constituent bodies. Consequently, the initial meaning of that notion underwent peculiar changes: not only an artificial mechanism but also a natural organic body were defined as machines. A metaphysical comprehension of the notion of machine was developed predominantly in the framework of cosmology. 1. Васильев В. В. Философская психология в эпоху...

The article has conducted a comprehensive analysis of Joseph Brodsky’s poem “I always kept saying that the fate is a game...” based on functional-semantic and communicative-pragmatic approaches. In the process of analysis, the main emphasis is placed on the author’s modality as a means of transmitting his individual worldview. The author’s modality is con­sidered as a text-forming semantic category, explicit at various textual levels: lexical, syntac­tic, phonetic, and compositional. The role of...

Using a comprehensive approach to the analysis of linguistic facts, a fragment of the lexi­cal structure of hagiographic text formed by verbal units is characterized. The material for the study consists of hagiographic lives of saints and martyrs from the Synodal edition, which are part of the May cycle of the Menaion Reader. The authors ...

This article examines the typological features of the modern Russian education terminology. Currently, there is a large number of linguistic research works on educational discourse, but most of them focus on the analysis of its individual aspects, thereby leaving out the description of the terminological system of Russian education that is dynamically developing in the recent period. The purpose of this study is to build a systemic classification of the terminological vocabulary of modern education...

The current stage of philology development is characterized by a complex approach to the study of interdisciplinary categories, among which the image category should be attributed. In contemporary research on psycholinguistics, semiotics, discursology, semantics, stylistics, linguoculturology, etc., various aspects of the image of linguistic and artistic are considered. At the same time, the image of a woman appears not only as a significant image of the Russian conceptual sphere, but also as an...

The authors study emotive and perceptual vocabulary through its se­mantic reflection of the holy as the most important component of religious linguistic consciousness. The complex approach offered in the works of S. P. Lopu­shanskaya served as the basis for analyzing the language material. It examines the intralinguisitic systemic analysis of language unit structures, paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations at various levels of the language hier­archy, and their functional application in various contexts...

The article represents a cognitive-discursive study of means to create an image of the language in a literary text. It involves different types of analysis such as semantic, conceptual, and interpretive. Special attention is paid to the linguistic factors that influence the creation of metalinguistic utterances, in particular, the word-formation potential of the German language (neologiza­tion). The article also stresses the importance of extralinguistic context, the knowledge of which enables to...

The article analysies complex and ambiguous historical processes in the system of adversative сoordinators at the early stage of the development of the French language (IX—XVI centuries). After having analyzed the data of the Old and Middle French subcorpuses of the French National Corpus Frantext with distributive, functional-semantic, logical-semantic and contextual in­struments and the transformation method, the author established quantitative and qualitative changes in the system of adversative...

The article deals with the English loanwords functioning in the scientific and educational discourse of the modern Polish language. The central part of the frame "the main directions of education" is verbalized by the semantic doublet internacjonalizacja/ umiędzynarodowienie. The lexical units mo­bilność, kolaboracja, transfer are defined as hyponymics through which educa­tion is getting internationalized. The neologism interesariusz is included in the analyzed frame as a designation of...

... card index of lexical units which includes 186 items corresponded to the search parameters from various publicistic web-based media, mass media, social networks, blogs, forums using the continuous sampling method. The result of the study has shown that lexi­cal neologisms are characterized by occasional, expressive and evaluative na­ture. Word-building patterns correspond to the productive models of the Rus­sian language (stem composition and suffixes for nouns; prefixes for adjec­tives) and are ...

The article analyses linguistic and cultural features of specialised transla­tion in the steel industry. Technical translation has always been in high de­mand and occupies a significant niche in the translation services market. At the same time, experts mention the frequency of low-quality translations, which indicates certain issues in this type of practice. The authors attempt to consider the most frequent challenges in technical translation focusing on the texts and communicative situations of...

The relevance of the conducted research is determined by insufficient lev­el of knowledge of the Muslim culture and its features, typical for modern Russian society. Due to the multidimensional nature of a Muslim woman im­age, the article considers one of the aspects of its discursive representation, which is the lexical means used by the authors to portray a Muslim woman athlete. The research material comes from Russian Internet sources devoted to Muslim issues. The results of the research indicate...

The article examines specific lexical units called grifonyms which are functioning in the texts of fantasy video games. A new term ‘grifonyms’ refers to nominations of characters created by the imagination of game developers and having no analogues in reality. Obligatory and optional features of griphonyms are revealed, their systematization and classification are carried out. The authors highlight the semantic features and analyze the structural components of grifonyms. The dependence of the formation...

This article considers the functional significance of the attributive combination ‘captain's daughter’ as an essential and integral component of the semantic space of Alexander Pushkin’s novel. Placed in the title, it functions as the key sign of the work of fiction since it makes it possible to interpret implied meanings. Unlike the other, more frequent, lexical and grammatical units used as nominations in the text (‘Masha’, ‘Marya Ivanovna Mironova’), ‘captain’s daughter’ explicates the image of...

This review is devoted to the linguistic legacy of the Voronezh syntactic school, which was founded by the renowned scholars Igor Raspopov and Anatoly Lomov. We discuss the ideas that were shaping this area of grammatical research from the late 1960s to the early 2010s. Our focus is the theoretical precursors and stepwise development of the Voronezh syntactic school. We emphasise the considerable heuristic potential and didactic value of the findings obtained by the Voronezh scholars. 1. Распопов...

The threat is one of the most effective ways to influence an interlocutor’s be­havior because it directly affects his or her personal interests. De­pending on the con­text, a threat may take various forms, which can be at odds with the traditional idea of both the structure of a threat and its linguistic markers. Threats are frequently used in contemporary po­litical discourse, which is gov­erned by norms and conventions. The radicaliza­tion of communication is a re­sult of social and economic problems...

This article draws a connection between compounds, on the one hand, and the general meaning of two documents from the manuscript legacy of an ideologist of the mid-17th-century Russian Orthodox schism and his worldview, on the other. The study aims to consider through the prism of dia­chronic linguistic personology the texts authored by the dyak Fedor Ivanov. The content of the article is a product of its methodology, namely, continuous sampling, using which 193 with several roots were obtained;...

The article explores the typology of modern English borrowings in mass media texts. The main aim of the article is to identify and describe the types of English borrowings by analyzing how they got adapted in the Russian lan­guage. The first type includes the borrowings, which date back to the late XX and the early XXI centuries and entered the Russian dictionaries of borrow­ings. The second type is represented by the borrowings that are used in the Russian spoken and written language, but are not...

Processes taking place in society affect how lexemes are understood and interpreted at different historical periods of a linguoculture. In this article, we use German dictionaries and today’s press to consider the notion of Toleranz as a value constant and lexical-semntic field of German linguoculture. In our study, we relied on the DWDS German text corpus and the periodical Die Zeit. We established that the historical peak of the use of the lexeme Toleranz had been reached in 1992, whereas the in­crease...

The article focuses on the issue of an integral word description in dictionaries. The principle of integrity implies that the most complete information about a word is included in its dictionary entry. The word is an independent two-sided and multifunctional unit of a language, respectively, it raises the issue of the amount and type of information about the lexical unit in the dictionaries of an integral type. The author of the article offers a solution to this problem. The proposed model of the...