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... industry. Such success rested on research and innovative activity. This article analyses the successful innovative development of the fishing fleet in the historical perspective: new vessels, the development of new equipment, introduction of innovative forms of fishing organisation. The authors offer data on the efficiency of such innovative initiatives. This historical experience is of great importance given the revival of industrial fishing in the Kaliningrad region. 1. Goldman, I. M., Teplitsky,...

This article addresses the role of innovative centres in the development of surrounding areas beyond large cities. At the same time, the innovative development of rural areas should be of a composite nature; municipality development strategies take innovations into account. International practices serve as a an argument in favour of establishing innovative centres in smaller and medium-sized towns in order to facilitate the socioeconomic development of the territory and surrounding rural areas. Science...

Although it is a common assumption that innovations are one of the most important factors of economic development, there is a need to review some provisions of innovation methodology so that new fundamental values are taken into account more fully. Most recent business models are based on the depletion of natural environment, whose potential has been almost exhausted. It is necessary to introduce new ideas that are of use for society and create values for companies. One way of achieving this goal...

... Nizhni Novgorod], no. 1, p. 239—243. 18. Tsvetkov, A. N., Salimyanova, I. G., 2009. Innovacionnyj imperativ dlja sovremennoj Rossii [Innovation Imperative for Modern Russia], Innovacii [Innovations], no. 9 (1), p. 63—70. 19. Fond sodejstvija malyh form predprijatij v nauchno-tehnicheskoj sfere [Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprise], 2011, available at: http:// www.fasie.ru/o-fonde (accessed 12 May 2012). 20. Duplenko, N. G. 2011, Osobennosti funkcionirovanija malyh predprijatij ...

... Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika [Landmarks of Economic Thought, T. 6, International Economics], Moscow, TEIS, p. 549—581. 12. Porter, M. 2003, Konkurencija [Сompetition], Moscow, Izdatel'skij dom «Vil'jams». 13. Shastitko, A. Ye. 2009, Clusters as a Form of Spatial Organisation of Economic Activity: Theory and Practical Observations, Baltic Region, no. 2, p. 7—25. doi: 10.5922/2079-8555-2009-2-2. 14. Bergman, E., Feser, E. 1999, Industrial and Regional Clusters: Concepts and Comparative Applications,...

Dementyev Ilya 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-2-12 109-114

This article considers the features of East Prussian land use system, whose crucial component was technologies for land fertility increase. A special package of measures in the framework of melioration and irrigation activities accounted for the high productivity of agriculture in this territory despite the fact that the local climate conditions can hardly be called perfect according to the well-known principles of agricultural science. The authors offer an overview of scientific approaches to the...

... predshestvujuwuju novomu vremeni [Perestrukturiruya world system, prior to modern times], Vremja mira [World time], Vol. 2. 9. Ilyin, M. V. 1995, Ocherki hronopoliticheskoj tipologii. Problemy i vozmozhnosti tipologicheskogo analiza jevoljucionnyh form politicheskih sistem. Chast' II. Hronopoliticheskaja perspektiva. Chast' III. Otechestvennaja hronopolitika [Essays hronopoliticheskoy typology. Challenges and Opportunities of typological analysis of evolutionary forms of political systems. Part ...

The article analyses the works on the history of medieval Lithuania (11th—14th centuries) by I. D. Belyaev, K. N. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, N. I. Kostomarov and M. O. Koyalovitch. It focuses on Russian scholars’ perception of Lithuania in 1850—870. Employing the comparative historical method and content analysis, the authors identify the key characteristics underlying the perception of Lithuania in research discourse in the 1850s—1870s. Particular attention is paid to an analysis of preconceptions that affected...

In this paper, we look at the interregional cooperation in adjacent areas. Specifically, we focus our attention on the cluster of regions formed by the city of St. Petersburg, the Leningrad region and the Republic of Karelia. All three areas face a number of challenges when it comes to international trade: challenges that are shared and that require strategic coordinated solutions from ...

This article is dedicated to the development of European unity in Central Europe and Scandinavia as a mechanism of collective security and intergovernmental cooperation development. The cultural and historical features of Central Europe and Scandinavia emphasize the need for a comparative study into the European idea. This article considers the tendencies and factors which affected the development of the European idea in the framework of the post-war planning. This research sets out to compare and...

Recent decades have witnessed an increase in the number of works dedicated to the analysis of effects of historical events on the choice of institutions and further economic and social development of regions. This article employs the new institutional economic theory approach to consider the choices regarding title to land and serfdom in Moscovy and the Polish — Lithuanian Commonwealth (earlier the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) in the 16th—17th centuries. The author emphasizes the factors, which affected...

This article analyses the issues of EU energy policy in the 1990s-the beginning of the 2000s in order to identify the features of energy supply and energy safety of the Baltic region countries. The research and practical significance of the work lies in the stepwise description of actions taken by EU leaders and EU member states in order to formulate a common European energy policy. The 2004 EU enlargement posed the problem of taking into account the features of energy supply of Eastern European...

Russia's accession to the WTO is an efficient instrument of the country's integration into the globalized world economy. However, it can adversely affect a number of enterprises and industries within the national economy. Thus, there is a need to develop a methodology for the assessment of the preparedness for operating under WTO membership conditions, which can be practically applied in the development of measures aimed at increasing the competitiveness of economic entities. This determines the...

Sustainable development is a term that is widely used by politicians nowadays. The definition of the concept of sustainable development is constantly revised. Sustainable development is about promoting an integrated approach. It includes economic, social and environmental objectives. Economic objectives include growth, efficiency and stability. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the influences of corruption on sustainable economic growth. The impact is decreasing continuously and the main...

The authors consider the core areas of Lithuanian foreign policy. Special attention is paid to the adjustment of the major foreign policy vector, which concentrated earlier on the cooperation with the United States of America and strategic partnership with the Republic of Poland. The article analyses the attempts of Lithuanian president Dalia Grybauskaitė to formulate the so-called «new foreign policy» based on the multivector approach to the intergovernmental cooperation. This research is timely...

... Plus»]. 6. Ob ustanovlenii formy vizy, porjadka i uslovii ee oformlenija i vydachi, prodlenija sroka ee dejstvija, vosstanovlenija ee v sluchae utraty, a takzhe porjadka annulirovanija vizy: polozhenie ot 9 ijunja 2003 g. (s izm.) [On establishing the form of visa procedures and conditions for its execution and delivery, extending the period of its validity, recovery in case of loss, and the order of cancellation of visa: the position from June 9, 2003 (as amended)], Sprav.-pravovaja sistema «Konsul'tantPljus ...

... universiteta im. I. Kanta [Vestnik Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University], no. 3, p. 26—31. doi: 10.5922/2223-2095-2010-3-4 16. Shekhovtseva, L. S. 2010, Formirovanie i modelirovanie strategicheskogo celepolaganija regiona kak subekta razvitija [Forming strategic goal-setting and modeling of the region as a subject of development], Trudy IV Vserossijskogo simpoziuma po jekonomicheskoj teorii [Proceedings of the IV All-Russian Symposium on Economic Theory], Т. 3, Mezoekonomika, Yekaterinburg,...

After Lithuanian accession to the European Union and NATO, a cross-party political consensus has existed regarding the state’s foreign policy objectives. Against this background, the Žalgiris national resistance movement, which was established by eminent politicians, journalists, and public figures in 2009, posed a certain intellectual challenge. This article concentrates on the development of a new foreign policy philosophy — the focal point of the interviews, round tables and press conferences...

This article deals with the development of legal framework for Russia-EU relations in 2010. The author analyses the preparation of the new basic agreement, the development of sectoral EU-Russia agreements, and soft law amendments, as well as relevant regulations of the European Union and Russian law. The article reviews current initiatives and approaches of the Parties in the legal regulation of the „Partnership for modernisation". 1. Postojannoe predstavitel'stvo Rossijskoj Federacii pri Evropejskom...

... http://eur-lex.europa. eu/LexUriServ/ LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32004L0083:EN:HTML (accessed 17 December 2010). 4. Convention refugee status and subsidiary protection, working party First report,available at: http://www.iarlj.org/conferences/mexico/images/stories/forms/WPPapers/Jane%20McAdam%20-%20Convention%20Refugee%20Status%20&%20 Subsidiary%20 Protection.pdf (accessed 15 December 2010). 5. Judgmet on case № 30078/06 Konstantin Markin v. Russia, 07.10.2010, available at: http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view....

... kommentarij) [Foreign investment: Russia and the international experience (comparative legal comment)], Moscow. 15. Silkin,V. V. 2003, Prjamye inostrannye investicii v Rossii: pravovye formy privlechenija i zawity [Foreign direct investment in Russia: legal forms to attract and protect], Moscow. Nilov Konstantin 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-3-1 5-10 investment activity, legal guarantees, foreign investment, national regime, safeguard clause

This article presents an overview of the principal intellectual alternatives of today regarding the role and place of Russia in the social and political spaces of the former Baltic republics, which were articulated in the course of international expert discussions and round tables at the IKBFU. Smirnov Vadim, Sutyrin Vyacheslav 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-2-15 125-130 elite, Baltic States, factor, expert channel, election campaign

... Unifikacja i różnicowanie się współczesnej Europy. Warszawa. 54. Modzelewski, W. T. 2006. Polska — Obwód Kaliningradzki FR. Polityczne uwarunkowania współpracy transgranicznej. Olsztyn. 55. Modzelewski, W. T. 2003. Rozwój instytucjonalnych form współpracy transgranicznej między województwem warmińsko-mazurskim a obwodem kaliningradzkim. In: M. Barański (red.). Samorząd — Rozwój — Integracja.Katowice. 56. Modzelewski, W. T. 2005. Współpraca na pograniczu polsko-rosyjskim —wybrane ...

This article analyses the role of innovations at higher educational institutions, gives a definition of innovation, explores the features of international cooperation in the sphere of innovations, and focuses on the forms of innovative interaction between Russian and German higher education institutions. 1. Djatchenko, L., Tarabaeva, V. 2008. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii, № 5, p. 13—18. 2. Rjadinskij, V. Ju., Kokareva, N. V. 2007. Mezhdunarodnoe sotrudnichestvo ...

This article analyses the role of Russia — the North-West federal district — in the New North concept, which encompasses new political relations in the North of Europe in the framework of international organisations and regional cooperation — for instance, the Northern Dimension. 1. Beloborodova, I. N. 2000. POLIS, № 4, pp. 163—166. 2. V Gosdume projdet «kruglyj stol» na temu realizacii «dorozhnyh kart».[online] Available at: <http://www. rian. ru/world/world_community/20051125/42217940.html>...

This article considers the present state and prospects of Russian-Lithuanian cooperation in the field of research and innovation. The author analyses the tendencies of innovation activities of economic entities in the North-West of Russia in terms of relative innovation activity indicators. Special attention is paid to the role of cross-border and trans-border cooperation in the Baltic macroregion as a mechanism of managing the innovative development of regional economy. 1. Instrument Evropejskogo...

This article offers a comparative assessment of the Baltic region countries on the basis of three groups of indicators — indicators of economic and research potential, indicators of dynamics of economic and research potential development, and indicators of economic and innovation potential of the states of the region. The author emphasises the need for Russia to cooperate with other countries of the region in the field of innovations as well as the possible role for the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal...

This article focuses on opportunities for studying cultural landscapes in the Kaliningrad region and offers methodology for it. The author outlines types of the information required: genetic types of natural landscapes, spatial settlement and land use features, and the network components of the landscapes environment. 1. Berg, L. S. 1915. Izv. RGO, Part. 51, Vyp. 9, pp. 463—475. 2. Vedenin, Ju. A. Kuleshova, M. E. 2001. Izv. RAN, Ser. geogr.,№ 1, pp. 7—14. 3. Vedenin, Ju. A., Kuleshova, M. E....

This article analyses characteristics of 25 rivers of the Gulf of Finland basin where the monitoring of the streamflow chemical composition was performed. The authors consider the dynamics of biogenic element content in the streamflow, the relation of the drainage areas to certain landscapes, the share of agricultural lands and tillage in the drainage areas, the forest-land percentage, a rural population density, and the forest age and type. 1. Isachenko, A. G. 1995. Jekologicheskaja geografija...

This paper focuses on the impact of certain factors on the contemporary distribution of natural (226Ra, 232Th, 40К) and anthropogenic (137Cs, 60Co) radionuclides in the sediments of the Baltic Sea. The results of the study suggest that the distribution of 137Cs is determined by the content of hydromica of silty-clay and clay grain-size fractions, while radiocaesium is mainly accumulated by silty fractions. The accumulation of 226Ra by bottom sediments is mainly determined by the pH geochemical barrier...

This paper contains test results revealing norm and stress reactions of various life-form plants: trees — Betula pendula Roth, Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Pinus sylvetris L; water-plant -Galium palustre L.; grass — Solidago Canadensis; cereal — Secale cereal L. Collection and processing of the material was made in the area of Berlin/Brandenburg, Germany. Clark sensor-based method made it possible to determine the amount and rate of the oxygen evolution by plants in the dark and light phase. Under the...

This article tackles the problems of the biodiversity parameter evolution from the geo-historical perspective. The authors come to a conclusion about the prevalence of global terrestrial and cosmic factors in the development of biosphere processes. On the basis of the biogeochemical approach to the biosphere evolution, the authors could identify the principal stages of its development from the ancient times to the modern epoch and refute the postulate of Leibniz (‘nature makes no leaps’). 1. Vernadskij...

Parliamentarism can be implemented in a few versions: parliamentary-cabinet,cabinet-parliamentary, parliamentary-presidential and parliamentary-committee. It is, thus, an internally diversified system. It is influenced by a number of factors, among others, the type of party system, the way of granting the non-confidence vote and dissolving the parliament, as well as the scope of so called delegated legislation.In contemporary parliamentary democracies aspirations to strengthen executives can be observed...

This article examines the evolution and current state of the Northern Dimension policy and its role in Russia-EU relations. The authors analyse the discrepancy between the actual achievements of the Northern Dimension and its potential and the over-high expectations, which accompanied the policy renewal. 1. Derjabin, Ju. 2000. Sovremennaja Evropa, № 2. [online] Available at:<http://www.ieras.ru/journal/journal2.2000/6.htm> (Accessed 22 July 2010). 2. Iniciativa po sozdaniju Delovogo soveta...

This article focuses on the problems pertaining to the regionalisation of geo-demographic situation in the Baltic region. Particular attention is paid to the influence of ethnic factors on the parameters and trends of demographic processes. The author comes to a conclusion about the achievement of demographic homeostasis in most ethnos-nations in the Baltic region. 1. The EU Baltic Sea Region Strategy Towards a Sustainable, Prosperous Future.2009. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate-General...

The article focuses on the psychological threats to the health of children and youth emanating from the education system and education: relations of power between teachers and children, parents' ambition to train psychologically and physiologically immature children, etc. The author exposes the contradiction between the set out humanistic approach and the actual directive training mechanisms in educational institutions as well as the promotion of teachers' consumer attitude to the student's health...

The author considers the problems of schooling in the bourgeois Lithuania and later, in the Lithuanian SSR. On the basis of archival documents and statistical data that were unavailable in the Soviet period, the author analyses historiographical materials and studies the peculiarities of the education system, as well as evaluates the attitude of the state, the national authorities and the republic's population towards this issue. 1.      Kretinin, G.   V. 2008. Gosudarstvenno-pravovye aspekty...

This article analyzes the current situation and prospects of the post-Soviet themes research in Russian higher education in the Humanities. The problem is considered in the context of the modernization of the national education, integration processes in the former Soviet Union, globalization and the development of international cooperation. Guschin Alexander, Levchenkov Andrei 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-3-6 46-48 countries of the Baltic Sea region, interdisciplinary approach, education, post-Soviet...

This article analyzes the internationalization of universities, taking part in international cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic region. The case analysis focuses on the experience of Murmansk State Technical University in the Barents Cross-Border University international project implemented together with Murmansk State Pedagogical University, the oldest university in the region, specializing in the Humanities. 1.      Larionova, M. V (ed.). 2005. Aktual'nye voprosy razvitija obrazovanija...

The article is devoted to the development of new forms of international cooperation in education, such as international fora of rectors of universities and faculties of Humanities. Such fora are regarded as an innovative form of inter-university cooperation, which opens new prospects and opportunities ...

This article presents an analytical review of the programmes of the registered candidates for the position of the President of Poland in the presidential campaign of 2010. The article mainly focuses on the relevant players and the formation of centers of influence in the electoral campaign. 1.      Postanowienie Marszałka Sejmu z dnia 21 kwietnia 2010 r. o zarządzeniu wy­borów Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej// Panstwowa komisja wyborcza 2009. June. URL: http://www. pkw. gov. pl/pkw2/index...

This article consists of a series of short essays dedicated to a certain period of the 'popular' socioeconomic history (with a particular focus on the institutional development problems) of the former East Prussia from Antiquity to present days. The authors tackle the issues of the economic history of amber, the role of the Hansa League in the development of medieval trade, the QWERTY-effects in the rail gauge standards, and the peculiarities of the development of the Kaliningrad region in the post-Soviet...

This interview with two former special presidential representatives for the Kaliningrad region (Dmitry Rogozin, representing the Russian party and Gediminas Kirkilas, representing the Lithuanian party) recounts the EU-Russia negotiations on the Kaliningrad region and the enlargement of the European Union in the early 2000s. The interview provides an important assessment of the negotiations and their results and explains for the first time the role of individual European states and politicians in...

This article is dedicated to the EU strategy for the Baltic Sea region approved by the European Commission in October 2009. The Strategy expresses the intention to strengthen regionalisation in the framework of the EU. It distinguishes the Baltic region as an independent priority target of the complex strategy for the EU development and gives an additional incentive to the resolution of the problems related to the formation of this macroregion. Joenniemi Pertti 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-2-4 39-42...

... Skaiti­niai apie nacionalinį saugumą . D. 2 . Vilnius, 2001. P. 48—52. 10. Lopata R. Laurinavičius Č. Karinė reforma Rusijoje: politinės trajektorijos // Politol ogija . 2001. №   3 (23). P. 3—20. See also in English: Russia’s Military Re­form: Political Trajectories // Lithuanian Political Science Yearbook 2000 . Vilnius, 2001. P. 197—210; Baltic Defence Review , 2001. №   6. P. 99—110. 11. Lopata R . Proč se vynořuji kaliningradske otázki? // Miezinárodní Polityka . ...

... modernisation and innovation-based development and, at the same time, taking into account the geopolitical aspect. It is necessary to proceed with the implementation of large-scale projects that stimulate the development of both the regional economy and form cross-industry clusters including large, medium, and small enterprises. The region should become an increasingly important "development corridor" between Russian regions and the EU states situated on the Baltic Sea 1.        Зверев ...

The balanced power sector development in the Kaliningrad region requires an accurate estimation of the parameters of the main generation complex, the formation of a backup generation complex, and the efficient management of power sector. 1. Гнатюк В. И. Техника, техносфера, энергосбережение. URL : http://www. gnatukvi.ru (дата обращения: 11.11.2009). 2. Гнатюк В. И. Оптимальное управление электропотреблением регио­нального электротехнического комплекса (техноценоза): Экономические про­блемы...

This article analyses the cross-border co-operation between the Kaliningrad Region and the neighbouring Polish and Lithuanian regions. It provides, firstly, a short overview of the cross-border co-operation formation and development. The author outlines the present-day co-operation structures. Secondly, the article reviews the asymmetries that hinder the cross-border co-operation. Finally, it offers some examples of the cross-border cultural and social projects proving that the co-operation under...

... university graduates’ personal capabilities; their interests, skills and qualifications, the extent of their reliance on their own initiative and resources, and their confidence about the future. The article defines the graduates’ economic interests forming motivations and approaches to practical economic behavior according to certain types of economic consciousness. 1. Багдасарьян Н.   Г., Немцов А.   А., Кансузян Л.   В. Послевузовские ожида­ния ...