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... № 13, S. 357—408. 8. Bubnoff, N. 1919/1920, Das Problem der spekulativen Mystik, Logos, № 8, S. 163—178. 9. Burkamp, W. 1929, Losskij N. O. Handbuch der Logik, Kant-Studien, № 34, S. 454—455. 10. Frank, S. 1926, Die russische Philosophie in den letzten fünfzehn Jahren, Kant-Studien, № 31, S. 89—104. 11. Frank, S. 1928, Erkenntnis und Sein, Logos, № 17. S. 165—196. 12. Frank, S. 1929, Erkenntnis und Sein, Logos, № 18, S. 231—261. 13. Gurwitch, G. 1931,...

This article is devoted to the correlation between liberal and socialist ideas in the social and philosophical conception of the prominent methodologist of social sciences and a Neo-Kantian legal theorist Bogdan Kistyakovsky. The author stresses the uncertainty of both the definition of liberalism and the principles behind attributing concrete thinkers to this movement. The article emphasises the inconsistency of classifying Kistyakovsky’s socio-philosophical concept as liberal. The analysis performed...

The paper discusses Paul Natorp’s social pedagogy theory from the point of its relevance to the modern educational discussions. Natorp sees practical task of his pedagogic theory in negation of German society’s crisis tendencies. The theoretical context of social pedagogy was defined by several key factors. The first one is Natorp’s dependency on legacy of Plato, J. Pestalozzi and I. Kant, while second deals with his critic of fundamental grounds of dominant contemporary pedagogical system. The major...

This article examines the category of modality through the postulate of empirical thinking in general and in constructing a philosophical system where functions of consciousness are substantial elements. The system comprises ‘faculties of the mind’, as Kant calls them, namely, evaluation, cognition, and practical activity and norms. These forms of activity correlate with the world of possibilities, the actual world, and the world of necessity. Grammatical moods correspond to the modal worlds and...

The article analyses the leading concepts and provisions of Kant's philosophy of religion. The findings are based on a comparative analysis of the German philosopher’s major works on the philosophical doctrine of religion, namely Lectures on the philosophical doctrine of religion and Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. The authors trace both the evolution of Kant’s ideas on religion and the consistency and systematicity of changes in the philosopher’s views. The published Lectures confirm...

This article aims to consider the concept of personality proposed by the prominent exponent of Russian neo-Kantianism Sergey Hessen and its philosophical and legal content. The frame of reference used to achieve this aim is determined by the personality-culture-the general will-the state coordinates. The author compares Hessen’s ideas with Bogdan Kistyakovsky’s legal concept. Hessen distinguished between several layers of meaning in the notion of culture — civilizedness, level of education, and civic...

In the 18th century, a philosophical dispute over the Principle of sufficient reason arose in Germany. Despite the fact that this Principe was explicitly formulated by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz only at the end of the 17th century, a major dispute about it was triggered by Christian Wolff who had considerable influence on the German philosophy of Enlightenment. In German Metaphysic, he presented the “strong” definition of the principle and its proof. As a result, freedom was restricted, because the...

Robert Nozik's political theory contains an attempt to utilize Kant's notion of individual freedom and the second formula of his categorical imperative (“the principle of humanity as an end in itself”) for the justification of his libertarian “minimal state”. This article analyses and criticizes this attempt on the following grounds: a) the anthropological models of Kant's and Nozik's theories are incommensurable; b) different notions of human nature result in different understandings of freedom...

... Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin, 1924. Bd. 16. 53. Meiners Chr. Ueber die Apathie der Stoiker // Meiners Chr. Vermischte philosophische Schriften. Leipzig, 1776. Bd. 2. 54. Mellin G. S. A. Enzyklopädisches Wörterbuch der kritischen Philosophie oder Versuch einer fasslichen und vollständigen Erklärung der in Kants kritischen und dogmatischen Schriften enthaltenen Begriffe und Sätze; mit Nachrichten, Erläuterungen und Vergleichungen aus der Geschichte der Philosophie begleitet ...

This article deals with one of the most elegant and non-standard versions of the modal onto-logical argument for God’s existence, which was proposed by the analytic philosopher Stephen Makin in 1988. He managed to avoid the famous criticism of Kant concerning the impossibility of acknowledging the predicate ‘to exist’ as real. Makin’s argument is not based on proving the presence of necessarily exemplified concepts rather than the necessary existing object. He argues that there is at least one (and...

... homogeneous phenomena are the main peculiarities of Kant’s position. 1. Blackwell R. J. Christian Wolff's Doctrine of the Soul // Journal of the History of Ideas. 1961. № 3. 2. Borsche T., Kaulbach F. Leib, Körper // Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie / Hrsg. von J. Ritter, K. Gründer. Bd. 5. Basel, 1980. 3. Carboncini S. Transzendentale Wahrheit und Traum. Christian Wolffs Antwort auf die Herausforderung durch den Cartesianischen Zweifel. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, 1991. 4. Corr Ch. A....

... 1944: Russell B. The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell / ed. by Schilpp. The Library of Living Philosophers. N. Y., 1944. 23. Russell, 1959: Russell B. My Philosophical Development. L. : Allen & Unwin, 1959. 24. Schlick, 1929: Schlick M. Die Wende der philosophie // Erkenntnis. 1929. Vol. 1. 25. Schlick, 1979: Schlick M. Philosophical Papers / ed. by Mulder H. Velde-Schlick van de B. F. B. Dordrecht : Reidel Publishing Co., 1979. 26. Stegmüller, 1979: Stegmüller W. Hauptströmungen der Gegenwartsphilosophie....

... Russell B. Sceptical Essays. N. Y., 1928. 22. Russell B. The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell / ed. by Schilpp Р.А. // The Library of Living Philosophers. N.Y., 1944. 23. Russell B. My Philosophical Development. L., 1959. 24. Schlick M. Die Wende der Philosophie // Erkenntnis. 1929. Vol. 1. 25. Schlick M. Philosophical Papers / ed. by Mulder H. Velde-Schlick van de B. F. B. Dordrecht. Reidel Publishing Co., 1979. 26. Stegmüller W. Hauptströmungen der Gegenwartsphilosophie. Stuttgart, 1979. 27....

... Sonderheft: Zustand und Zukunft der Akademie-Ausgabe von Immanuel Kants Gesammelten Schriften. 6. Cheneval F. „Die Philologen bringen aber den Verstand nicht weiter“. Von der Notwendigkeit und Nützlichkeit des Kant-Indexes // Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie. 1996. № 43. S. 171—178. 7. Giordanetti P., Stark W. Über Bd 5: Kritik der Urteilskraft // Kant-Studien. 2000. Jg. 91. Sonderheft. S. 34—41. 8. Gloyna T., Karl J., Stark W. Kant’s gesammelte Schriften im Jahr 2008 ...

This article considers the views of Russian philosophers on education in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. The author identifies an compares the key philosophical and pedagogical ideas of L. N. Tolstoy, V. V. Rozanov, V. K. Wentzel, M. Rubinstein. 1. Булкин А.   П. Социокультурная динамика образования. Дубна, 2001. 2. Валицкая А.   П. Как возможна общая теория образования, или о междис­циплинарном статусе понятия диалог // Диалог в образовании: сб. матер. конф. Сер. «Symposium»...

This article discusses the functions of anagrams in the philosophical discourse in terms of their general cultural functioning. Thus the study is brought to a more general level, which makes it possible to identify the cognitive mechanisms of anagrams. General conclusions about the functioning of anagrams in the philosophical discourse are made. The author stresses the originality of their structuring (text forming) function, the expansion of discursive semantics created by them and its orientation...

This article considers the possibility of philosophical education influencing moral consciousness in the conditions of contemporary societies. The author stresses the relevance of rational approach to moral issues from the perspective of contemporary philosophy and science. The institution of philosophical education is considered as a means to create a foundation for critical and reflective moral consciousness. 1. Апресян P. Г. Мораль // Новая философская энциклопедия : в 4 т. М., 2010. T. 2. С...

The article focuses on the scientific heritage of Alexander Potebnyа, the central figure in the history of Russian linguistic and philosophical tradition, and Sergey Bulgakov's doctrine of word and language, presented in the work «Philosophy of Name». The comparative analysis reveals the following: a) the key elements of S. Bulgakov’s doctrine historically genetically rooted in A. A. Potebnya's linguistic research; b) the basic difference between the philosophical bases of two concepts (gnoseological...

This paper offers a philosophical analysis of graphic tests, which have become predominant recently. Drawing tests, as a model of hierarchical interrelations and inversions in the psychic structure, are an important object of philosophical research. By means of this model, we can learn a lot about hierarchical systems. The author relied on the presence of a hierarchical system in human activity stated by the great Russian physiologist Nikolai Bernstein. 1.      Аве-Лаллемант У. Графический тест...

This research focuses on the linguistic and cultural specifics of the concept «unity in diversity» in P. B. Shelley’s poem “Love’s philosophy”. The study reflects the expert linguistic interest to the national cultural and individual author’s specificity in interpreting philosophical concepts in literature, which have a meaning-­forming function within the space-time continuum of literary works. The aim of this research is to study the linguistic and cultural specifics of the concept «unity in diversity»...

One of the major problems in contemporary philosophy of mind is the dualism of first-person and third-person perspectives — the question of whether conscious experience is public and epistemically accessible or private and qualitative. Recognising the relevance of the arguments of both sides, naturalists and anti-naturalists, I attempt to resolve this dichotomy using Bruno Latour’s methodology on the theories of Immanuel Kant and Moritz Schlick. To do so, I propose not to reduce the theory of consciousness...

The letters of S. I. Hessen and I. I. Lapshin, two Russian Neo-Kantian philosophers, were written in the early post-war years. These letters bear witness to the later period in the life and work of their authors, a period of hardship, tragic losses and hopes. Both philosophers were deeply embedded in the intellectual landscape of Russian emigration. They were also known and valued by their peers in the countries that gave them refuge, Poland and Czechoslovakia, where they not only published their...

Kant is compared with Socrates because the two philosophers have much in common. Both thinkers were central figures in their time. Kant revolutionised the philosophy of the modern period dealing with questions of ethics and epistemology; Socrates brought about a similar revolution in ancient Greek philosophy. The image of Socrates continues to inspire modern scholars, the main features of this image being rationality and publicity. Socrates is seen as an arch-rationalist and the founder of science...

Kalinnikov, L. A., 2021. Filosofskaya sistema Kanta. Zamysel i itogi [Kant’s Philosophical System. Conception and Results]. Kaliningrad: IKBFU Press. (In Rus.) Kant, I., 2008. Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens. Translated by I. Johnston. Arlington: Richer Resources Publications. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Edited and translated by P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1993. Opus Postumum. Edited, with an introduction and notes, by E. Förster, translated...

... Truth and Other Enigmas. London: Duckworth. Glock, H. -J., 2008. What is Analytic Philosophy? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hiltscher, R. and Breitenstein, P. H., 2011. Deutscher Idealismus. In: P. H. Breitenstein and J. Rohbeck, eds. 2011. Philosophie. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler, pp. 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-00402-4_5 . Kant, I., 1992. The Vienna Logic. In: I. Kant, 1992. Lectures on Logic. Translated and edited by J. M. Young. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 250-377....

One of the key ethical debates in Russian religious thought, initiated by Leo Tolstoy, concerned the question of nonresistance to evil by force. The purpose of this article is to assess the influence of Kant’s ethics and philosophy of religion on the course of this debate and to determine the place and significance of the arguments and considerations expressed on this issue by Semyon Frank in the early and late periods (1908 and 1940s) of his work. To this end I reconstruct the general course of...

The concept of “moral sense”, introduced into the philosophical lexicon by Ashley-Cooper Shaftesbury and Francis Hutcheson, has found a place in the teachings of many thinkers. Immanuel Kant was one of them. The position of the theory of moral sense, which exerted a formative influence on Kant’s moral philosophy, varied as it evolved from the pre-critical to the critical period of Kant’s work. In order to find out what this influence was, I first reconstructed the views of Shaftesbury on the nature...

The hybrid genre of poetic treatise occupies a somewhat marginal position within the lit­erary genres landscape. Nonetheless, it holds particular interest as a realm of interaction be­tween artistic and scientific discourses, sometimes intertwining with everyday speech. In the twentieth century, the interplay between scientific and poetic texts, as well as between verse and prose, took on new experimental forms. Western literature saw the influence of Ludwig Wittgenstein and his philosophical treatise...

This article discusses the results of a survey underlying a reconstruction of ideas about tact and tactlessness in Russian communicative culture. The author considers the concept of tact to be a communicative strategy within the cate­gory of politeness that is closely related to native speakers' notion about the boundaries of private space. Thus, tact is defined as a communicative strategy driven by the speaker's desire to avoid infringing on the private space of their interlocutor. Moreover,...

The following is a review of the Fifth International Summer School for Young Scholars and Students, held on the eve of the tercentenary of Kant’s birth, and devoted to the question of the relevance of his philosophical ideas for understanding and solving the problems that confront humankind in the twenty-first century. The event was organized by the Academia Kantiana of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, with the support of the RF Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the Petersburg...

Outside the view of historians of Russian philosophy there are still unpublished materials that can illuminate unknown aspects of the reception of Kant’s philosophy in Russia. One piece of such material, which is published in the appendix to this article, was found in the archive of B. V. Nikolsky, where it is titled “Article by S.V. on the Occasion of the Centenary of Immanuel Kant’s Death. 1904”. It is devoted to Kant’s philosophy of law, the origins of which are traced back to the French Revolution...

... der Emotionen zwischen Aristoteles und Kant. Hamburg: Meiner. Pleger, W., 1989. Kant und die Französische Revolution. In: H. H. Holz, G. Labica, D. Losurdo and H. J. Sandkühler, eds. 1989. Annalen der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Dialektische Philosophie — Societas Hegeliana, Volume 6: Die französische Revolution: Philosophie und Wissenschaften. Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein, pp. 245-249. Rousseau, J. -J., 1995. The Confessions. In: C. Kelly, R. D. Masters and P. G. Stillman, eds. 1995. The Collected ...

In his 1916 book, History as a Problem of Logic, Gustav Shpet undertakes the task of reconstructing the whole Kantian conception of history, previously scattered in various articles and minor works of the critical period. He builds the reconstruction around Kant’s Idea for a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Perspective, with a focus on the a priori ‘thread’ in history and not empirical history. Shpet’s general assessment of Kant’s contribution to the development of historical science is sharply...

... 2022. Neukantianismus und Rechtswissenschaft. Berichte aus dem Inneren einer schwierigen Ehe. In: G. Morrone and R. Redaelli, eds. 2022. Neo-Kantianism and Cultural Sciences. Volume 1. Napoli: FedOA Press, рр. 301-318. Glatz, U. B., 2001. Emil Lask: Philosophie im Verhältnis zu Weltanschauung, Leben und Erkenntnis. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. Haferkamp, H. -P., 2007. Neukantianismus und Rechtsnaturalismus. In: M. Senn and D. Puskás, eds. 2007. Rechtswissenschaft als Kulturwissenschaft? ...

... Gaukroger, S., 2016. Kant and the Nature of Matter: Mechanics, Chemistry, and the Life Sciences. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 58, pp. 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2016.03.007 . Gentili, C., 2013. Kant, Nietzsche und die ‘Philosophie des Als-Ob’. In: R. Reschke, ed. 2013. Wirklich. Wirklichkeit. Wirklichkeiten. Nietzsche über ‘wahre’ und ‘scheinbare’ Welten. Berlin: Akademia, pp. 103-116. Giglioni, G., 2014a. The Horror of Bruno’s Magic: Frances Yates Gives ...

The article is devoted to the questions "Who am I? What am I?", which have been actively spreading in the Russian language since the end of the 18th — beginning of the 19th century, both in poetry and prose. As a linguistic means of self-presentation and self-iden­tification, questions are used in situations that encourage a person to reflect on their place in so­ciety and their own rank feelings. The very fact of using the rhetorical questions "Who am I? What am I?" excludes...

A comparative analysis of the religious-philosophical foundations of the teacher-student relationship in the pedagogical traditions of Protestantism, Catholicism, and Orthodoxy is conducted. The study shows that each of these traditions is based on unique religious princi­ples that shape the value orientations of the educational process. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive analysis of pedagogical systems, based on a systematic consid­eration of their religious and cultural...

Buddhist ideas, motifs, and imagery are present throughout the works of Viktor Pelevin, from his earliest writings to his most recent novellas and novels. His 1991 novel “Omon Ra”, alongside its diverse philosophical, cultural, and literary allusions, draws upon the Buddhist philosophical concept of “consciousness-only,” which posits that only consciousness truly exists, while the external world is ultimately unreal. The image of the “Soviet Cosmos” in Pelevin’s novel combines at least two meanings...

The article suggests a way to overcome two well-known problems of embodied/grounded theory of cognition: the impossibility of strict differentiating modal and amodal symbols, and the difficulty in defining abstract concepts/simulators (abstract lexical meanings). The pro­posed functional approach is based on the dichotomy 'perceptual (external) vs. functional (internal)' that goes back to Ivan Sechenov. These cognitive units are shown to play funda­mentally different roles. The function — the embodied...

In 1836, Peter Chaadaev in his private letter to Alexander Turgenev mentioned that the French thinker Alexis de Tocqueville had stolen from him a “deep thought” that the point of departure of peoples determined their fate. Russian and foreign scholars interpreted these words differently, trying to assess the seriousness of Chaadaev’s reproach. The article explores the history of the expression ‘le point de départ’ and the use of it in the works by Tocqueville (“Democracy in America”) and Chaadaev...

The conceptualization of the philosophy of the text requires a preliminary idea about the ways of the textual presentation of philosophy as such. At the same time, philosophical views per se are difficult to classify and systematize — at best, they are arranged by eras and cultural-ethnic factors. In this regard, it seems fruitful and justified not to build various rationalistic constructions but to take an open look at the very existence of philosophizing. From such perspectives, philosophy appears...

In this article, I define the concept of text and briefly discuss the related concepts of speech and discourse. I demonstrate how the humanities treat texts and examine the structur­al-semiotic and the hermeneutic approach. Further, I identify both the differences between these approaches and the similarities in the ways they interpret texts. I argue that the philo­sophical approach seeks to go beyond the text as far as possible without leaving it altogether and stress that the divide between the...

In this article, I explore the content-related and formal aspects of describing the multidi­mensional semantic organization of a text, particularly, I focus on the possibility of using the apparatus of modal semantics to identify the relationship between sentential complexes. To those ends, I employ the concepts of model, model structure, and centred world. The latter is a system of functions that correlate language expressions, the language expressions of a text, states of affairs (possible worlds)...

In exploring the themes of life and death in Yu. N. Ivanov’s novel Dances in the Crematory, I carry out a structural-semantic analysis of the fragmentary chronotope and the ideational- thematic and plot-compositional levels of the novel. I demonstrate that the principle of fragmentarity is utilised by the author to the full extent across the novel, primarily, in its chronotope. The latter is closely connected with the fragmentary-discrete structure of human consciousness and memory, including the...

Decision science is a relatively new discipline: the product of a cross-pollination among mathematics, psychology, economy and a few other branches of knowledge. It studies how humans make their choices and purports to provide a “rational framework for choosing be­tween alternative courses of action when the consequences resulting from this choice are im­perfectly known.” In and of itself decision science is a vast field of intersecting theories and methodologies that I will exploit only in a limited...

This article analyses the problems addressed in Evelyn Waugh’s novel Scoop, through the prism of imagology — the study of cultural stereotypes as presented in literature. Within the ideational structure of the novel, the author analyses the theory of négritude, which holds that the African civilisation plays a special role in the world. It is concluded that the négritude philosophy is expressed in the novel through grotesque and the theory of négritude should be analysed in the context of philosophical...

The article discusses an alternative version of semiotics in which the process of semiosis is based not on metonymic symbolization (substitution), when one entity stands for another, but on the metaphorical (iconic) representation. The author suggests considering iconicity as a basis for relating the signifier and the signified. This relation is understood as a construed one rather than something determined by physical similarity. The basis for such a revision of iconicity can be found in Lessing's...

... Justice. Political Philosophy beyond Liberalism and Communitarianism. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Forst, R., 2014. The Right to Justification. New York: Columbia University Press. Forst, R., 2015. Rechtfertigung in der praktischen Philosophie: Stellungnahmen. Information Philosophie, 4, pp. 20-27. Habermas, J., 1990. Discourse Ethics: Notes on a Program of Philosophical Justification. In: J. Habermas, 1990. Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,...