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... based on it and takes it into account. However, it is not explicitly expressed. Instead of this crucial structural element, which would significantly simplify the understanding of such a complicated treatise, the Critique of Pure Reason presents the system of antinomies of the cosmological idea of pure reason. However, these phenomena are not identical — there is a great difference between the antinomy of pure reason and a system of particular antinomies of one of its ideas. The article addresses ...

In modern Finnic onomastics, the study of the pathways and mechanisms through which foreign borrowings are adapted in closely related languages has gained particular signifi­cance. Drawing on material from the Votic and Ingrian anthroponymic systems, this article examines the phonetic and morphological transformation of personal names of Christian origin. The study aims to identify the typological features of adaptation mechanisms and to distinguish between universal and language-specific ...

The article examines personal surety as a preventive measure in contemporary criminal proceedings and analyzes problems related to the effectiveness of its application. Using histor­ical analysis, the authors trace changes in the legal regulation of this preventive measure prior to the adoption of the Judicial Statutes, after their enactment, during the Soviet period, and in the present day. The study characterizes controversial issues that arise when selecting this preventive measure and notes its...

... (certain fragments of) the model to analyze dis­course. The discourse used for such analysis is a lifestyle instruction video from YouTube. Methodologically, the analysis draws on (1) the category of engagement as described in the Appraisal Model within Systemic Functional Linguistics and (2) the interpretation of dis­course/text as simultaneously invoking different discourses and genres, as suggested in the Faircloughian approach to discourse analysis. When seen as a complex semiotic happening, the ...

...., 2009. Inter"ektivaciya kak tip stupenchatoj transpozicii yazykovyh edinic v sisteme chastej rechi. (Materialy k transpozicionnoj grammatike russkogo yazyka) [Interjectivization as a type of stepwise transposition of linguistic units in the system of parts of speech. (Materials for transpositional grammar of the Russian language)]. Moscow, 463 p. (in Russ.). Shmelev, A. D., 2016. “you” and “You” in Russian speech etiquette: the variabil­ity of norms. Vestnik RGGU. Seriya «Literaturovedenie....

The study aims to reveal politeness strategies used in natural interaction within a particular community group. The article analyses excerpts from audio recordings of conversations of teenage male friends. The chosen interactional approach relies on Goffman’s notion of face and Brown and Levinson’s model of linguistic politeness, ethnographic methods of collecting data, and conversation analysis. The case study continues the discussion of gender and age aspects of politeness realization and communication...

... ideological differences between these political actors in their understanding of the theoretical foundations and practical tasks of the communist movement at the present stage. The methodological basis of the research consists of a comparative analysis of the parties’ programs, employing problem-chronological, systemic, and structural-functional approaches. The analysis reveals significant divergences between the CPRF and the Communists of Russia in their interpretations of the historical experience of socialism in the USSR, the causes of the crisis and collapse ...

... peo­ple”, which was democratic in nature. The “people” included the educated public and was opposed to the “authorities”. In its new meaning, “people” was seen as the “third class”, the future civil nation, called to construct a political system based on the idea of popular sover­eignty. In this sense, the Cadet ideology was revolutionary and implied a break from the An­cien régime. The “people” were not considered as some unique whole but rather as an integral part of humanity,...

... of the dictionary entry for the Automated explanatory-ideographic dictionary of Russian phraseologisms. Samples of entries]. Moscow, pp. 96—98. 49. Cherkasskii, M. A., 1978. Experience in constructing a functional model of one particular semiotic system. In: G. L. Permyakov, ed. Paremiologicheskii sbornik. Poslovitsa. Zagadka (Struktura, smysl, tekst) [Paremiological collection. Proverb. Riddle (Structure, meaning, text)]. Moscow, pp. 35—52. 50. Shmelev, A. D., 1988. The problem of selecting ...

... necessary components of diagnostic thinking. Comprehensive professional operational thinking of a teacher-psychologist is the basis of successful diagnostic activities. As for successful professional diagnostics, a teacher-psychologist also needs a system of categorical models of the diagnosable, the ability to analyze their diagnostic errors and ideas about categorical models of typical diagnostic errors. Special training in diagnostic thinking, in particular, the development of mental operations,...

The article presents the analysis of motif-structure of the novel by Richard Aldington «All men are enemies» (in particular, its relationship with the system of characters of the book). Sets of motifs corresponding to specific stages in the development of the image of the main character were identified; a nuclear-peripheral motif model was built where the movement of motifs from the nucleus to the peripheral ...

... allows them to be used in economic activities, for example in tourism; and the economic well-being of their owners, in turn, allows them to seek funds for their restoration and reconstruction. Legal aspects have a key role to play in optimising the system of “protection-use”. Different countries have different laws governing this relationship. While both Russia and Germany are at the forefront of this issue, there are also differences, which, if identified and compared, would further optimise ...

... X., Serra M. The innovative potential of small municipalities: From theory to practice // Revista Espanola De Investigaciones Soci­ologicas. 2019. № 168. P. 3—20. doi: 10.5477/cis/reis.168.3. 5. De Marchi V., Grandinetti R. Regional innovation systems or innovative re­gions? Evidence from Italy // Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie. 2017. № 108 (2). P. 234—249. doi: 10.1111/tesg.12217. 6. Druzhinin A. G., Gorochnya V. V., Gontar N. V. et al. Transboundary clusters in the ...

... concentrated largely in the EU member states despite earlier plans to establish the Baltic energy ring, which would also include Russia and Belarus. The author stresses that one of the most acute problems for the EU today is overcoming isolation of the energy systems of the Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) from that of the major part of the EU. This task has become especially relevant after the closing of the Ignalina NPP (Lithuania), which used to be the primary energy source for the three Baltic ...

... Political will and readiness for compromise are recognized as no less important than financial resources. The INSTC remains a project with high ambitions, but its transformation into a competitive global transport artery depends on the ability of the parties to overcome current systemic constraints through coordinated international efforts and comprehensive modernization. transport corridor, logistics, International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC), alternative transportation route, international cooperation 37-56 ...

... a key concept of Blazhenny’s poetry, reveals undoubted similarities with the conceptualization of the soul and the idea of metempsychosis in Jewish and Judeo-­Christian mysticism. This study focuses on grammatical elements, and in particular the system of pronouns and negative poetics, the way the subject is constructed and the strategy of anti-discursiveness. The key word and concept of Blazhenny’s poetry is the Soul which reveals an undoubted similarity with the conceptualization of the soul ...

... information aggregators. Furthermore, an approach is proposed, suggesting the consideration of marketplaces as a system of legal relationships. By using specific norms, this approach facilitates targeted regulation of private legal relationships between parties within this system. This necessity arises from the analysis of enforcement practices, as general norms of contract law are inadequate for properly regulating such relationships since these norms fail to consider the role of the key party, namely the marketplace. ...

... ‘truly’ discovered by Andrej A. Zaliznjak in 1993. Linguistics and semiotics are different research programmes: the first one deals with specific features of language structures, while the second one discusses general characteristics of all sign systems, from a perspective of interpreting most or all of them as secondary respective to natural language. Formal models of language deal with classes of elements and predict their positions. Lexicographic descriptions provide instructions to the use ...

... interpretative context of Fichte’s philosophy and forms an inalienable and significant part of Fichte studies in Russia. The main tendency of these works is an attempt to bring Fichte’s doctrine closer to Russian philosophy, to represent his philosophical system in its entirety without dividing it into autonomous periods, drawing attention to the ethical character of his philosophy and stressing the German philosopher’s contribution to the study of the problem of the irrational. The works of Russian ...

... viral phishing attacks have remained for several consecutive years among the most effective tools for infiltrating information infrastructure. In the vast majority of cases, the exploitation of malicious software is associated with gaining access to systems containing confidential information and its theft, which constitutes the least costly method for delivering and executing malicious code on a recipient’s device. Given that the increase in unlawful acts related to the creation, use, and distribution ...

... replaces the synthetic theory of evolution. In: Metod: moskovskii ezhegodnik trudov iz obshchestvovedcheskikh distsiplin [METHOD: Moscow Yearbook of Works from Social Science Disciplines], 9. Moscow, pp. 151—173 (in Russ.). Chebanov, S. V., 2020. The system of understanding techniques by G. I. Bogin. In: Ponimanie i refleksiya v Rossii: sbornik materialov dokladov na mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii (g. Tver', 29—30 noyabrya 2019 g.) [Understanding and reflec­tion in Russia. Collection ...

... realm of German mysticism to the aesthetics and gnosiology of the 18th century and examine its correlation with the 20th-century aesthetic and semiotic concepts. We stress the significance of Baumgarten’s ideas for the development of new aesthetic systems rejecting the traditional poetic and rhetorical systems. Baumgarten made an important contribution to the development of the idea of sensible cognition as the goal of aesthetics, which was formulated by F. Schiller in his Letters upon the Aesthetic ...

... Mikhailova, eds. Politicheskaya konkurentsiya i partii v gosudarstvakh postsovetskogo prostranstva [Political competition and parties in the states of the post-Soviet space]. Moscow. p. 32. 16. Zolyan, S. T., 2014. Semantika i struktura poeticheskogo teksta ... ... [Selected articles]. Vol. 2. Tallinn. pp. 107—110. 24. Luman, N., 2007. Sotsial'nye sistemy. Ocherk obshchei teorii [Social systems. Essay on general theory]. St. Petersburg. pp. 527—541. 25. Maklyuen, M., 2014. Ponimanie media [Understanding Media]....

... Kants. Hamburg: Meiner, pp. 121-138. Klemme, H., 1996. Kants Philosophie des Subjekts. Systematische und entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchung zum Verständnis von Selbstbewußtsein und Selbsterkenntnis. Hamburg: Meiner. Klimmek, N.F., 2005. Kants System der transzendentalen Ideen. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter. Krausser, P., 1987. Über den hypothetischen Vernunftgebrauch in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 69, pp. 164-196. Lequan, M., 2015. Kontinuität....

At the centre of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from Plato’s. This is also true of Kant’s conception of freedom and of human rights. The greatest impact on Kant’s moral philosophy is due to...

The paper focuses on the problem of anthropodicy in the philosophical system of Hermann Cohen and its interpretation by Jacob Gordin (1896—1947). Gordin was one of the last followers of Cohen in Russia. He developes his interpretation in the lecture “Anthropodicy”, which was given in the Philosophical Circle at the ...