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The positions of Christian Wolff and Im­manuel Kant on the possibility of proving the existence of God require some examination. Wolff’s critique of the physical-theological proof and his proposed ways of improving it are here analysed. God is central to Wolff’s philosophical system and the fundamental prerequisite of his theoretical and practical philosophy. Although Wolff insists that the natural law is inherent in human nature and can therefore be comprehended by human reason without turning to...

..., that both conceptions complement, even complete one another. Heidegger comes closer to the type of time-experience as it is exposed by St. Augustine, Kant exposes a strict analysis of the human way to conceive of the successive form of time. It is evidently possible for us today to continue on both paths. Aristoteles, 1983. Physikvorlesung. Übersetzt von H. Wagner. 4. unveränderte Ausgabe. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. Augustinus, 1955. Confessiones — Bekenntnisse. Lateinisch-deutsch. Eingeleitet,...

This review of contemporary discussions of Kantian philosophy of mathematics is timed for the publication of the essay Kant’s Philosophy of Mathematics. Volume 1: The Critical Philosophy and Its Roots (2020) edited by Carl Posy and Ofra Rechter. The main discussions and comments are based on the texts contained in this collection. I first examine the more general questions which have to do not only with the philosophy of mathematics, but also with related areas of Kant’s philosophy, e. g. the question:...

Immanuel Kant’s Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime is examined in the context of the emergence of the epistemological practice of scientific observation. By focusing on the genre-stylistic and semantic-structural features of the text the authors demonstrate the mechanisms of observation as well as the methods of describing the results characteristic of mid-eighteenth century science. The authors consider Kant’s treatise to be a hybrid text: on the one hand, it attests to...

... argument I discuss Kant’s concepts of autonomy and heteronomy showing how they refer to will and to ethics. Then I describe a group of interpretations which portray Spinoza’s moral theory as heteronomous. My critique begins by presenting some textual evidence which vividly contradicts some of the boldest heteronomous renditions of Spinoza’s ethics. Then I move on to argue for the existence of conditions in Spinoza’s thought that make every heteronomous interpretation of his practical philosophy ...

Kant was never satisfied with the version of his “Refutation” published in 1787 (KrV, B 275-279). His dissatisfaction is already evident in the footnote added to the preface of the second edition of the Critique in 1787. As a matter of fact, Kant continued to rework his argument for at least six years after 1787. The main exegetical problem is to figure out who is the target of ...

... moral Gesinnung, as well as the problem of the immutability of Gesinnung in the progress towards the good. The new theses that appear in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason are Gesinnung as the internal subjective principle of maxims, on virtue as evidence of the presence of Gesinnung, on act as a manifestation of Gesinnung, on the unintelligibility of Gesinnung in its noumenal, suprasensible character, on the innateness of Gesinnung in the sense that it exists not in time, but in the form of its ...

... the Highest Good. Review of Politics, 72(1), pp. 1-24. Van Fraasen, B., 1984. Belief and the Will. Journal of Philosophy, 81(5), pp. 235-256. Van Inwagen, P., 1996. It is Wrong, Everywhere, Always, and for Anyone, to Believe Anything upon Insufficient Evidence. In: J. Jordan and D. L. Howard-Snyder, eds. 1996. Faith, Freedom and Rationality. Lanham and London: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 137-153. Ward, K., 1972. The Development of Kant’s View of Ethics. New York: Blackwell. Wimmer, R., 2011. Kants ...

... Kolerov, ed. 2018. Arheologiya russkogo politicheskogo idealizma: 1904—1927. Ocherki i dokumenty. [Archeology of Russian Political Idealism: 1904—1927. Essays and Documents]. Moscow: Common Place, pp. 260-277. (In Rus.) Kolerov, M.A., 2019a. New Evidence of a Contemporary about Vladimir Solovyov. Appendix: L. E. Obolensky. My Personal Memories of V. S. Solovyov (1900). In: Studies in Russian Intellectual History. Yearbook for 2019, 15. Moscow: Modest Kolerov, pp. 9-23. (In Rus.) Kolerov, M.A....

... integrity of philosophy, psychology (pedagogy), and logic until the early 20th century implied that Kant's ideas influenced logic via its philosophical foundations (empiricism versus the rationalistic aspects of Kant's philosophy). It was especially evident in the interpretations of logic in terms of psychologism and anthropologism ensuing from empiricism. 1. Андреев А. Ю. Лекции по истории Московского университета (1755—1855). М., 2001. 2. Бажанов ...

... Post-Truth Era, in: The New York Times, 16.1.2017, p. C1. Kluge, A. 2012, „Der Konjunktiv des Krieges“. Spiegel-Gespräch R. Leik mit A. Kluge, in: Der Spiegel, Nr. 2 vom 9.1.2012, S. 122—125. Kolbert, E. 2017, That’s What You Think. Why Reason and Evidence Won’t Change Our Minds, in: The New Yorker vom 27.2.2017, pp. 66—71. Kuhn, Th. S. 1973, Die Struktur wissenschaftlicher Revolutionen. Frankfurt a. M. Lukács, G. 1954, Die Zerstörung der Vernunft. Berlin. Mendelssohn, M. 1978, Über die ...

... significance — it is the last logical theory of the American thinker. Secondly, it was greatly valued by the author, who called the theory his greatest accomplishment. The fact that the echo of Kant’s philosophy is heard in such a recent theory is an evidence of Kant’s strong influence. This thesis is proven in this work. 1. Apel, K-O., 2001, Transformaziya philosophii [Philosophy Transformation], Mosсow. 2. Peirce C. S., 2005, Rassuzhdeniya i Logica Vech'ei: Leczii Dlya Kembridgskih Conferenziy ...

... theoretical to the practical, studies on religion proceed from the theoretical significance of the idea of God considered in the Lectures to the practical aspects of this idea addressed in the Religion. The Lectures contain a vast body of speculative evidence of the existence of God, which is completely absent in Religion. Religion places a much stronger emphasis on the need for the moral perfection of human beings than the Lectures do. However, it would be wrong to assume that the Lectures present ...

... ideas expressed in the work On the Limits and Characteristics of Becoming Conscious, which was published in the form of theses in book 16 book of the journal Problems of Philosophy and Psychology. Trough formulating the law of the absence of objective evidence of becoming consciousness, Vvedensky did not only raise issues relating to philosophy of mind but also pointed to the growing contradictions in Russian philosophy caused by the development of scientific knowledge amid the dominance of religious ...

... human being as a holder of rights and responsibilities rather than a being affected by emotions and passion as from the psychological perspective or that guided by their own interests as from the economic one.The Russian philosopher also stresses the evident positivity of the definition of ethics in Cohen’s principle of the law of truth that can be correctly perceived only within a combination of the logical and the ethical. 1. Дмитриева Н. А. Русское неокантианство: ...

... describe so-called thinking of differences, which severs any connection with the premises of natural pre-philosophical thinking and good will tending towards good and truth. The author believes that Deleuze’s thinking of differences does have a rather evident premise. For Deleuze, thinking is an energy flow or sensual “vitality”.Another approach to analysing the fundamentals of thinking can be found in Kant’s article “What Does It Mean to Orient Oneself in Thinking?” where he speaks of the ...

All three meanings of the notion "thing-initself" (object, subject and the transition between them), despite the evident opposition, constitutes the object of the central problem of philosophy in Kant's system. Kant is an innovator in both posing and answering the question. This answer is agnostic but not in the empirical or scientific sense, but rather in the solely ...

... students for various educational situations. A separate aspect of the digitalization of teacher education is highlighted, i. e., the format and purpose of the professional portfolio of the future teacher. The main goal of the article is to expand the evidence base of research in the field of teacher education by analyzing the specifics of teacher training for the education system in Singapore, which plays a decisive role promoting school education in this country. Methodologically, the study relied ...

... internationalization. The English-language origin of the main frame units indicates the substantial dominance of Angloglobalisms in the Polish scientific and educational discourse, while their discursive intersec­tion with the field of business is linguistic evidence to testify commercializa­tion of the education system. 1. Ахтаева Л. А. Научный дискурс как специфическая разновидность дис­курсивной деятельности // Молодой ...

... those identified as the most popular by surveys of the German publishing company Langenscheidt. I consider the main periods in the formation of German youth slang in the 20th/21st centuries and review the events that affected its formation. I provide evidence that there is a link between events taking place in the lives of young people and in their country, on the one hand, and neologisms that emerge in youth slang, on the other. I list slang words and expressions most popular among the youth in 2014–2018 ...

... 24. Langacker R. W. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Theoretical Prerequisites I R. W. Langacker. Stanford, CA, 1997. 25. Levelt W. Speaking. Cambridge, MA, 1989. 26. Papafragou A., Hulbert J., Trueswell J. C. Does language guide event perception? Evidence from eye movements // Cognition 108. 2008. P. 155—184. 27. Papafragou A. The Representation of Events in Language and Cognition. URL: http://papafragou.psych.udel.edu/papers/Events_MIT%20Press.pdf (дата обращения: 17.03.2017)....

The correspondence between Wislava Szimborska and Cornelius Philipovich entitled “Your cat has the best of lives” and published in 2016 can be seen as a biographical account and historical evidence of two writers, a record of life of artistic people in Poland in the 1960s. Stylistic character of Szimborska is studied on the background of her creative poetry. 1. Ворошильская Н. Коллажи Виславы Шимборской ...

... peripheral system: their functions and roles in the dynamic of social representation // Papers on Social representations. 1993. № 2. P. 75—78. 14. Robinson G. E., Stotland N. L., Russo N. F. et al. Is there an «abortion trauma syndrome»? Critiquing the evidence // Harv. Rev. Psychiatry. 2009. Vol. 17 (4). P. 268—290. 15. Pedersen W. Abortion and depression: a population-based longitudinal study of young women // Scand. J. 2008. Vol. 36 (4). P. 424—428.

The records of Russian athletes are the clearest evidence of a growth in athletics development records. An analysis of the records dynamics makes it possible not only to register the key moments in the history of a chosen sport against the background of changing methodological attitudes, but also to ...

Present paper is an endeavor to analyze the outcomes of the celebrated experiment Violin, expressing the structure of associative-semantic links in human brain. Based upon evidence gained from objective neurophysiological methods, certain dictionary articles of the Associative Thesaurus of the Russian Language have thus been analyzed. A comparative analysis of behavioral experiments is offered based on which associative ...

... федерального университета им. И. Канта. Калининград, 2012. Вып. 11. С. 146—149. 2. Smith K. R., Mineaua G. P., Garibottib G. et al. Effects of childhood and middleadulthood family conditions on later-life mortality: evidence from the Utah population database, 1850—2002 // Social Science & Medicine. 2009. № 68. P. 1649—1658.

... involvement in spoken and written language // Paper presented at the 2nd Congress of the International Association for Semiotic Studies. Vienna, 1979. P. 195—215. 4. Cruttenden A. Intonation. Cambridge, 1986. 5. German J., Pierrenhumbert J., Kaufmann S. Evidence for phonological constraints on nuclear accent placement // Language. 2006. Vol. 82, № 1. P. 151—168. 6. Gunter R. On the placement of accent in dialogue: A feature of context grammar // Journal of Linguistics. 1966. 2. P. 159—179. 7....

... Strate­gy. Management Science. 1986. N 32. P. 1231—1241. 25.     Brandenburger A. M., Nalebuff B. J. Co-opetition. Boston, 1996 . 26.     Chesbrought H., Rosenbloom R.   S. The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology. Industrial and Corporate Change 2002. N 11 (3). P. 529—555. 27.     Collis D.   J. How Valuable are Organization Capabilities? // Strategic Mana­ge­ment Journal. 1994. Vol. 15. P. 143—152....

... materials obtained in the course of conducting operational-­search activities (hereinafter referred to as ORM), as well as existing law enforcement realities, correlate with the views established in science regarding the use in criminal procedural evidence obtained during the conduct of operational-­search activities (hereinafter referred to as ORM). The article reveals the inconsistencies between the theoretical provisions and the requirements put forward by objective reality to expand the practice ...

... influence on jurors. The article considers the challenges of overcoming psychological influence of the attorney for the defense on the jury; the influence of certain emotions of the jury on the final verdict in the case; determines the character of certain evidence and circumstances of the criminal case upon the jury; establishes the degree of external communication influence on the jury. The conclusion is made about the necessity of developing applied solutions of supporting the prosecution in the court ...

... 12. Akar C. Analyzing the synchronization between the financial and business cycles in Turkey // Journal of Review on Global Economics. 2016. Vol. 5. P. 25—35. 13. Allegret J. P., Essaadi E. Business cycles synchronization in East Asian econo­my: Evidences from time-varying coherence study // Economic Modelling. 2011. № 28 (1—2). Р. 351—365. 14. Beck K. Migration and business cycles: testing the OCA theory predictions in the European Union // Applied Economics Letters. 2020. Р. 1—5. ...

... Effect of Culture on Food Consumption; a Case of Spe­cial Religious Days in Turkey // Journal of Food Research. 2017. Vol. 6, № 2. doi: 10.5539/jfr.v6n2p92. 28.Campante F., Yanagizawa-Drott D. Does religion Affect Economic: Growth and Happiness? Evidence from Ramadan // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2015. Vol. 130. P. 615—658. 29. Зверев К. А. Православная Церковь в независимой Эстонии // Вестник Кост­ромского государственного ...

... 1—16. 20. Kurov A., Stan R. Monetary policy uncertainty and the market reaction to macroeconomic news // Journal of Banking & Finance. 2018. Vol. 86. P. 127—142. 21. Lee S., Bowdler Ch. Banking sector globalization and monetary policy trans­mission: Evidence from Asian countries // Journal of International Money and Fi­nance. 2019. Vol. 93. P. 101—116. 22. Ma Y., Lin X. Financial development and the effectiveness of monetary poli­cy // Journal of Banking & Finance. 2016. Vol. 68. P. 1—11.

... article focuses on the analysis of information of the Russian and Western travelers to Central Asia in the 18th — beginning of the 20th centuries on state and law of that region. The goal is a substantiation of the travelers’ notes value as historical evidence of state and law of the Central Asia which allows to study actual relations in administration and legal regulation. The author applies some basic research methods: historical legal, formal legal and comparative legal approaches, content analysis,...

... Правительстве Российской Федерации. 2015. № 5. URL: http://ac.gov.ru/files/publication/a/6394.pdf (дата обращения: 01.03.2016). 15. Ram R. Government Size and Economic Growth: A New Framework and Some Evidence from Cross-Section and Time-Series Data // American Economic Review. 1986. Vol. 76. P. 191—203. 16. Хансен Э. Экономические циклы и национальный доход // Классики кейнсианства. ...

This article considers relevant issues of protecting the Internet users’ rights in terms of notarial perpetuation of evidence and the prospects of its development. The author formulates proposals regarding legislation improvement 1. Гражданский процессуальный кодекс Российской Федерации от 14.11.2002 г. № 138-ФЗ ...

... Göttingen, 1989. 9. Ermacora M. Women Behind the Lines: The Friuli Region as a Case Study of Total Mobilization, 1915—1917 // Gender and the First World War. P. 16—35. 10. Gatrell P. The Epic and the Domestic. Women and War in Russia, 1914—1917 // Evidence, History and the Great War. Historians and the impact of 1914—1918 / ed. G. Braybon. N. Y.; Oxford, 2003. P. 198—215. 11. Grayzel S. R. Liberating Women? Examining Gender, Morality, and Sexuality in First World War Britain and France // Ibid....

... build-ing an age-friendly business. N. Y., 2013. 30. Wolfson M. C. Population Ageing and Health — Empirical Needs for Effec-tive Foresight //The Lancet. 2012. Vol. 379, No. 9823. P. 1295—1296. 31. Wong B., Kam Ki Tang. Do ageing economies save less? Evidence from OECD data // International Journal of Social Economics. 2013. Vol. 40, No. 6. P. 591—605. 32. Young C., Denson L. A. Psychological health and provision of grandchild care in non-custodial «baby boomer» grandparents // Journal of Family ...

... Ballantyne D. Relationship marketing: Creating stakeholder value. Oxford, 2002. 13. Cyert R., March J. A Behaviorial Theory of the Firm. Englewood-Cliffs, 1963. 14. Donaldson T., Preston L. E. The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications // Academy of management Review. 1995. P. 65—91. 15. Freeman R. E. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston, MA.1984. 16. Freeman R. E., Wicks A. C., Parmar B. Stakeholder Theory and Corporate Objective Revised ...

... – the use of only sociological and economic analysis and disregard of social philosophy. The author offers a scientific and philosophical substantiation of the technogenic development of society and the world, its crisis condition, and presents the evidence as to why contemporary society is a post-industrial and technogenic one. 1. Белл Д. Грядущее постиндустриальное общество. Опыт социального прогнозирования. М., 1999. 2. ...

... attractiveness of Russian enterprises. Local companies often do not see any development prospects in Russia and complain at the unsatisfactory local institutional environment. However, the activity of multinational corporations (MNCs) in Russia serves as a clear evidence of its potential attractiveness as one of the BRICS markets (the so called "21st century markets"). This article discusses the activities of MNCs aimed to increase market representation in Russia, as well as the reasons for such behavior....

... gradual strengthening of ties between Beijing and Moscow stood out against the background of tensions in Russian-American and Chinese-American relations at the end of George W. Bush presidency. However, as President Obama came to office, it became evident that the US seeks to adjust its foreign policy towards more pragmatism and flexibility in its relations with Russia and China. 1. Тренин Д.   В. От «игр» и «треугольников» к стратегии точечных ...

... the respondents was 20.1 ± 0.08 years. Questionnaires to study the effect of gadgets on vision were specially developed at the Department of Hygiene of the Pediatric Faculty of the Pirogov’s Russian National Research Medical University. There is evidence that half of medical students never do eye exercises; more than 75.0 % of medical students hold a mobile electronic device very close to their eyes at a distance of less than 30 cm while working, which is not in line with hygiene recommendations....

... submarine ground water discharge on coastal surface sands of the southern Baltic Sea // Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. — 2017. -Vol. 189. — рр. 131—142. 19. European Mediterranean Seismological Centre. URL: https://static1.emsc . eu/Images/EVID/11/113/113585/113585.regional. seismicity. jpg (дата обращения 2.12.2020) 20. Kotwicki L. et al. Submarine groundwater discharge to the Baltic coastal zone: Impacts on the meiofaunal community // Journal of Marine Systems. — 2014. ...

The production of bioethanol from non-food feedstock is considered to be a promising alternative to conventional ethanol production from food crops. However, a number of significant technological drawbacks does not allow the industrial production of bioethanol. There is the problem of screening the most effective microorganisms-producers in particular. Due to multicomponent composition of substrate, the use of several strains of microorganisms is considered to be more effective than that of one strain...

The variety of options for the course of gouty arthritis necessitates the search for informative and accessible methods for diagnosing this disease. The detection of the sodium monourate crystals deposits in synovial fluid is asso­ciated with certain technical difficulties. In this regard, ultrasound diagnos­tics of gout is of particular value. The article raises questions of the im­portance of ultrasound assessment of joints in the diagnosis of gouty arthritis. Especially interesting is the possibility...

... decisions to cooperate with industrial organizations // Regional Studies. 2015. № 2 (1). P. 415—423. 19. Porter M. E. On competition. Boston, 1998. 20. Ratinho T., Henriques E. The role of science parks and business incubators in converging countries: Evidence from Portugal // Technovation. 2011. № 30. P. 278—290.

The article is devoted to the topical issue of providing innovation security of the Kaliningrad region, Russia’s exclave on the Baltic Sea. The author discusses the importance of creating a favourable innovation environment in the region for sustainable implementation of the innovative model of economic development. The author assesses the innovation environment in the Kaliningrad region and performs a retrospective analysis of its transformation. Special attention is paid to the institutional aspects...

... Нейроиммуномодулирующие свойства хорионического гонадотропина. Чебоксары, 2016. 19. Brown M. A., Hatfield J. K. Mast cells are important modifiers of autoimmune disease: with so much evidence, why is there still controversy? // Front. Immun. 2012. Vol. 3. P. 147. 20. Brown J. M., Swindle E. J., Kushnir-Sukhov N. M. et al. Silica-directed mast cell activation is enhanced by scavenger receptors // Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2007. Vol....

In this article, we present an assessment of the quality of life in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, receiving replacement therapy by he­modialysis. We give definitions of hemodialysis, chronic kidney disease, the mental component of health, and the physical component of health. The aim of this work is to evaluate the quality of life indicators in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, undergoing hemodialysis. The objective of the study is to identify the relationship between...