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The perception of Fyodor Dostoevsky as a literary painter of St. Petersburg has become an axiom in literary criticism. However, modern researchers pay attention to the significance of other cities for the writer, which are inextricably linked both with his biography and his work. Fyodor Dostoevsky not only instantly noticed visual metaphors and historical and cultural narratives of the places where he was destined to be, but he also included presciently read city texts in his literary works. This...

Urban motifs in Russian poetry have not yet become the subject of comprehensive investigation in terms of the evolution of poetic conceptualization of the world, the frequency, semantics and syntagmatics of the key lexemes — 'gorod' and 'grad'. Meanwhile, the analy­sis of the poetic, ethnic and linguistic picture of the world, closely connected with diachronic lexicology, phraseology and grammar, allows important conclusions concerning the history of the national semiosphere and conceptosphere based...

Irony is considered as an evaluative category in literary and artistic discourse. The au­thors point out such typical features of ironic evaluation as implicit character, i. e. the ability of irony to present the evaluative position of the author in a veiled form, subjectivity, which is directly dependent on the author's attitudes and ideological intentions, negative colouring of ironic evaluation and a high degree of its impact on the reader. The authors identify the basic techniques of expressing...

... foreign. Translated by S. Heyvaert. Albany: State University of New York Press. Berman, A., 1995. Pour une critique des traductions: John Donne. Paris: Gallimard. Berman, A., 2009. Toward a Translation Criticism: John Donne. Translated by Mas­sar­dier-Kenney. Kent (Ohio): Kent State University Press. Biagini, M., 2016. Revisiting Ethnography for Dialogue Interpreting Research. In: Bendazzoli C. and C. Monacelli, eds. Addressing Methodological Challenges in Interpre ­ ting Studies Research ...

This article is concerned with the formal terms of reproach in Russian discourse and the corpus methods of their identification. Theoretically, it builds on the thesis that there are ‘true’ reproaches that can function autonomously in discourse and be adequately understood outside their context. Practically, the article describes the corpus search for formal terms of reproach. Methodologically, it abandons the synthetic outlook of pragmalinguistics, which dominates Russian linguistics, and treats...

The article examines the specifics of the translation of postmodern philosophical termi­nology. The authors explore Russian translations of the works of the modern French postmod­ernist philosophers Michel Foucault, Jean Baudrillard and Jacques Derrida. Postmodernism as a philosophical movement is based on the concept of radical plurality. It is characterised by the multiplicity of dimensions and types of analysis. The authors look into the problem of choosing strategies for the translation of postmodern...

In this article, I analyse the vehicles of humour in two short forms of Internet poetry that developed in the 2000s: the pirozhok (literary, a ‘stuffed bun’) and the poroshok (‘powder’). Poems of these genres are quatrains written in iambic tetrameter. Pirozhoks have no rhyme scheme, whereas, in poroshoks, the fourth line truncated to two syllables rhymes with the second line. The poroshok as a genre is a descendant of the pirozhok. Just as in jokes and several other genres, a punchline plays an...

The roundtable discussed the key problems of meaning formation in narrative and per­formative practices. In free discussion, experts analysed various factors and parameters de­termining the meaningfulness of action and examined mechanisms for their interpretation. These mechanisms can be considered as manifestations of various modally different types of textualisation. Interpretation and textualisation make it possible to identify and describe the interaction between some causal and functional relations...

The story «The Source of Injury» by Nikolay Kononov is as a psychoanalytic report that has a therapeutic effect for the narrator. The characteristics of the three main characters are con­sidered in terms of their alchemical symbolism. This point of view makes it possible to identify the psychological function of each character as a reflection of a certain aspect of their psyche. Ovechin, whose image is dominated by the solar symbolism, appears as a projection of Ego and of momentary consciousness...

... Practice. A Reader. London: Sage. Wood, L. and Kroger, R. O., 2000. Doing Discourse Analysis. Methods for Studying Action in Talk and Text. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Zhang, M. and Pan, H., 2015. Institutional power in and behind discourse. A case stu­dy of SARS notices and their translations used in Macao. Target, 27(3). pp. 387—405.

The concept of voice has engendered a growing amount of research in translation studies in the last decades, especially regarding literary translation. Voice is typically used in studies that investigate stylistic or structural characteristics of translated texts, intertextuality and other forms of multivocality and ethical questions related to agency, ideology and power in translation and interpreting. The first part of this article defines two essential concepts related to voice in translation...

The Balkan crisis of 1875—1876 and the ensuing Russo-Turkish war of 1877—1878 were the first major foreign policy challenges for the Russian Empire in the entirely new public sphere situation. The military reform of 1784, which replaced recruitment with conscription, translated in the involvement of the general public in the current events. The new public sphere, which had been developing from the 1850s, required new languages both to describe and to transform reality, as well as to produce a collective...

This article describes the results of a systemic study into the history of conveying the name of the Swiss linguist Charles Bally by the means of Russian transcription, in the 20th-century linguistic discussions. The author reconstructs the history of introducing Charles Bally’s works into Russian and Soviet linguistics, particularly, in the context of the publication of Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course of General Linguistics. The article analyses the variants of transcribing the name Bally in the...

Myths and history are different but related forms of consciousness. They date back to the archaic and new periods of world history. New forms of synthesis between history and myths translated in the ‘mythical-historical imagery’ of the 20th-century art. For the first time in the history of world culture, modernism has created a synthesis between the seemingly divergent elements — history and myths. This article analyses Schulz’s short story ‘Spring’ in the context of Franz Kafka’s mythological oeuvre...

This article considers the use of the Vladyka lexeme to denote God the Father, Jesus Christ, and human rulers in the Ostromir Gospels with a Greek translation. The author analyses the semantics of the Church Slavonic lexemes as an equivalent to the paired Greek words, the way the matching Greek lexemes were selected, and the effect of semantic inconsistencies on the formation of the idea of the ruler in the consciousness of Slavs. The study employs the methods of etymological, lexicographical, lexical-semantic...

This article considers the conjunction functions of the logical and modal particle tolko. A study into the functioning of logical and modal particles led the author to identify the basic syntactic positions that determine the functional and grammatical status of the lexical units studied: the particle, the conjunction particle, and the conjunction analogue. The conjunction behaviour of a particle can be manifested to a greater or lesser degree. The particle/conjunction relation forms a gradient....

1. Daija P. Baltijas apgaismības virzienu kontrasti un nozīme latviešu 18. gadsimta literatūras attīstībā // Latviešu literatūras procesi un personības. Rīga, 2008. 2. Daija P. Genesis of the Concept of Statehood and Perception of Patriotism in Latvian Enlightenment Literature // Latvia and Latvians: A People and a State in Ideas, Images and Symbols. Rīga, 2000. 3. Dann O., Hroch M. Einleitung // Patriotismus und Nationsbildung am Ende des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. Köln, 2003. 4...

To reconstruct a critique of the ontological proof of the existence of God in Schelling’s philosophy I examine his interpretation of the ontological argument by Anselm of Canterbury and Descartes as well as Schelling’s assessment of the critique of the Kantian ontological proof of the existence of God. I propose a reconstruction of Schelling’s account of undoubted being which cannot be deduced from the concept of the totality of all that is possible and therefore must come before any thought. He...

The ethics of Kant and the ethics of Crusius are strikingly similar. This is manifested in a whole range of principles and concepts. Crusius’ moral teaching hinges on the rigorous moral law which has to be obeyed absolutely, and which makes it different from other prescriptions that are binding only to a relative degree. This is very close to the Kantian distinction between hypothetical and categorical imperatives. Another salient feature of Crusius’ moral teaching is the stress laid on the sphere...

My aim is to prove that Hermann Cohen was not only a philosopher of dialogue but has played an exceedingly important role in the history of that current of thought. His books Ethics of Pure Will (1904) and Religion of Reason out of the Sources of Judaism (1919) offer a detailed analysis of the relationships between I and Thou, I and It, I and We. In the first book these relationships are considered from the ethical-legal point of view and in the second from the viewpoint of religious anthropology...

The paper discusses Paul Natorp’s social pedagogy theory from the point of its relevance to the modern educational discussions. Natorp sees practical task of his pedagogic theory in negation of German society’s crisis tendencies. The theoretical context of social pedagogy was defined by several key factors. The first one is Natorp’s dependency on legacy of Plato, J. Pestalozzi and I. Kant, while second deals with his critic of fundamental grounds of dominant contemporary pedagogical system. The major...

The main intention of the article is to prove that the unique style of Handke’s creative individuality reflects his special life-saving SOMEONE, who resists in his negative dialectic the dictatorship of another pernicious SOMEONE who sets the false movement. In a remarkable symmetry to post-structuralist theories about the “totalitarianism of language”, Handke experiences in his own verbalized existence the pernicious power of some of this totalitarianism, seeking to free himself from it in a kind...

The article analyzes the texts of the English-language periodicals and the works of the English-speaking Indian writers to see how the continuous aspect (Progressive / Continuous aspect) is used with state verbs: physical percep­tion, emotional state and mental activity. Authentic texts of Indian national and regional print media were used as research material: editorial and news materials, interviews, wedding announcements. The analysis of authentic English-language Indian texts allows us to consider...

The article reveals the connection between the artistic space of the natu­ralistic novel with the archetypical forms of mentality and culture. The author used the structural-semiotic method of text analysis, as well as the analysis of archetypical images that are regularly repeated in the European cultural expe­rience. The concept of “archetype” in literary analysis is proved to be neces­sary. Among other things, using of this concept makes it possible to free the study of the text from the need...

The paper explores the history of the anagram phenomenon in the French culture of the XVIII century. The author considers tendencies in the development of literature inherited from the Baroque period, including the practice of creating pseudonyms by anagramming and using anagrams in satirical poetry. The reduction of anagrams to the level of the language game and the secondary nature of theorizing are the characteristic features of this century, when a break with the esoteric traditions of the past...

The present-day stage of scientific knowledge is characterized by a shift of research aims in different scientific spheres to the cognitive aspects of linguistic phenomena. The cognitive approach to research on word-formation processes is supported by many linguists; however, still being insufficiently developed, it requires a systematization of new methodological tools. The author presents her own vision of the methodological and theoretical framework of cognitive word formation studies. 1. Абросимова...

This article deals with the heterogeneity of author's illocutionary intentions in the process of creating a dramatic paratext. It is suggested that the pragmatic orientation of typologically different paratextual structures can be purely directive (prescriptive) as well as narrative, which emphasizes the transgenre character of paratext. The article addresses the specific features of implementation of the extradiegetic author category in drama on a paratextual level, as well as its role in the creation...

This article describes the basic models, goals and focuses of psychoeducation in the practice of treatment and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. The identification of these components of pscyhoeducation will help introduce effective psychoeducation programmers into the practice of treatment and re-habilitation of people with disabilities. 1.  Ялом И. Групповая психотерапия: теория и практика. М ., 2005. 2.  DeArmond M.   M., Marsh K.   F. Preventive psychiatry on the college campus....

The article is devoted to the problem of children’s’ emotional culture. The author analyses the possibility of its formation by means of basic educational disciplines. Special attention is paid to the development of emotional culture by psychological centres of education institutions. This problem is considered through the example of the experiment on emotional culture improvement conducted in one of the schools of Saransk 1.  Карелина И.   О. Эмоциональное развитие детей 5—10 лет. Ярославль...

The problem of the American Civil War participants’ place in family rela­tions is frequently raised by scholars specializing in the cultural and social history of the conflict. Despite this fact, the dynamics of economic relation­ships between the Federal servicemen on the front and their relatives lacks proper attention. This article aims to define the types of the Union troops’ par­ticipation in the household economy. For this purpose, their letters and diary entries were analyzed in both formal...

There is an increasing need for the assessment of urban development rates in the world. In modern Russia, this need is reaffirmed by the transfor­mation of regional economies, the economic acceleration of many major cities, and by the active introduction of strategic management tools (KPI, etc.). The article anal­yses the current indexes and rankings of urban development. The author ex­plored the main methodological approaches to the assessment of the rate of urban development. One of the topical...

The quality of a defense lawyer’s work depends on the skills, knowledge, profes­sional experience and some other factors, but still the most efficient tool is the range of lawyer’s mandate, and more specifically, the access to collecting the evidence. The article considers the challenges of a lawyer’s work in collect­ing evidence, specific proposals to improve the process of collecting evidence in a criminal process are made. The area of criminal procedural law governing the power to gather evidence...

The article focuses on the analysis of information of the Russian and Western travelers to Central Asia in the 18th — beginning of the 20th centuries on state and law of that region. The goal is a substantiation of the travelers’ notes value as historical evidence of state and law of the Central Asia which allows to study actual relations in administration and legal regulation. The author applies some basic research methods: historical legal, formal legal and comparative legal approaches, content...

This article focuses on the political processes in the countries of Eurasian continent against the background of Eurasian integration. The author describes the steps of the integration process. The article compares assessments of Eurasian integration given by scholars and political scientists from different countries. The author considers the features of different stages of Eurasian integration in view of the processes of political competition and consolidation within the Eurasian space. 1. Алияров...

This article discusses the development of post-Soviet nationalist identity in Latvia under the influence of nationalist neo-Nazi organizations and persuasion. The ethnic component occupies a central place in today's political identification in Latvia. It is proved that major political groups and parties recognize and proclaim nationalist principles regardless of their basic ideology. 1. Parming T. Nationalism in Soviet Estonia since 1964 // Nationalism in the USSR and Eastern Europe in the era of...

This article focuses on the role of Länsipohja and Ruija in the "Greater Finland" ideology. The growing interest in the closely related peoples in the 1920s became a prerequisite for the foundation of the Academic Karelia Society (AKS). The author addresses the activity of the AKS concerning Länsipohja and Ruija. 1.  Rommi P. Snellman ja nationalismi // J.   V. Snellman ja sanomalehdistö. Kuopiossa 6. Ja 7. Helmikuuta 1981 pidetyn Snellman ja sanomalehdistö-seminaarin alustukset...

This article analyzes the definition and content of criminal policy. Special attention is paid to the criminological aspect. The authors scrutinize the trends of development of criminal policy in theory and practice and formulate a number of key elements of the criminal policy concept. 1.  Степанов В.   В. Условно-досрочное освобождение от отбывания наказания: теоретические и правоприменительные проблемы: монография / под науч. ред. Н.   А. Лопашенко. М., 2010. 2.  Валентукевич А.   В . Уголовная...

Social innovations are important for solving the problems of rural devel­opment, since due to the intensification of polarization processes, the backlog of living conditions in rural areas from cities increases. Based on the statisti­cal reporting and agricultural censuses, the article assesses the changes and spatial distribution of production, social and demographic processes in rural areas of the Kaliningrad region over the past three decades. The differences in the situation in the west (in the...

The article focuses on the examples of modern diagnostics of compression neuropathy of the median nerve in the carpal canal, because currently the unanimous assessment of the results during ultrasound and ENMG seems to be problematic. The purpose of the work is to propose a standard for the most effective algorithm for diagnosing patients with CCS. The study was per­formed on 98 patients examined in the Kaliningrad regional clinical hospital, the department of traumatology and orthopedics at the...

The agricultural land dynamics is one of the central issues of land use in Europe and Russia. Each historical period is characterized by its own model of agricultural land use. The analysis of its dynamics in the North-West of Rus­sia and the Baltic countries was based on the following parameters: the area of cultivated agricultural land and the rate of change, the grain yield and its dy­namics. Database analysis from 1848—52 until 2015—18 allowed to identify the stages of the agricultural land management...

.... 1—9. 11. Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time‐Varying Electric and Magnetic Fields (1 Hz — 100 kHz) // Health Physics. 2010. Vol. 99, № 6, P. 818—836. 12. Li Gun, Du Ning. Equivalent Permittivity Based on Debye Model of Blood and Its SAR // International Journal of Science, Technology and Society. 2017. Vol. 5, № 3. P. 37—40. doi: 10.11648/j. ijsts.20170503.12. 13. Muller B. Electrosmog. Hausgemachtes Problem // Bild Wiss. 1996. № 4. P. 12—14. 14. National precautionary policies ...

Interest in nitrogen-containing heterocycles can be brought about by the possibility of obtaining organic compounds with new properties by introduc­ing various substituents into the structure. The aim of this work is to aminate quinoid structures with dibenzothiazine to produce condensed heterocycles with a bridged nitrogen atom. It is the N-substituted derivatives that form a bridge between the dibenzothiazine molecule and the substituent that are con­sidered as the most promising substances. When...

The article focuses on normative values of the liver shear wave elas­tography and comparison of various works in elastography of the internation­al and Rus­sian research. A variety of normal values of liver stiffness during shear wave elastography obtained by different authors when measuring on various devices are presented. The normal range of liver stiffness measure­ments in healthy peo­ple var­ies widely: the normal liver elasticity values may vary in range of 1.5—7.5 kPa on measuring by transient...

This article estimates the severity of ultrasonographic changes in the liver at different stages of fibrosis. Sixty-three patients underwent B-mode ultrasound scanning of the spleen and the liver and ARFI-elastography of the liver. Elastography measured the shear wave speed from the 9th, 8th, and 7th intercostal spaces in the anterior axillary line at a depth of 6.0 cm from the skin surface. It was established that patients with fibrosis stages F1 and F2 exhibited from one to four and those with...

This paper addresses the historical development of the renal failure concept from antiquity to the present. The authors define the term ‘acute renal failure’ and ‘acute kidney injury’. The article presents a classification of these diseases. It is shown that the development of renal failure is associated with a significant increase in age-independent mortality. The main biomarker of a kidney injury, which may be elevated in patients with ischemic heart disease, is creatinine. 1. Rea M. E., Dunlap...