The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... crises of 2020 and 2022. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of conducting such assessments by merging Rosstat statistics with publicly available accounting and tax reporting data from the Federal Tax Service. The contribution also assesses the role of small businesses in municipal economies and their effect on employment, income levels of the population, and business activities. It is shown that over the ten years from 2012 to 2021, municipalities in the Kaliningrad region became more homogeneous ...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
The article analyses the Polish political system and the increasing role of two political parties in it. This tendency has been observed in Poland for more than 15 years. We can draw a conclusion that two-and-a-half-party system has formed in Poland. Using Duverger’s phrasing, there is a “two-party tendency” in ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... political landscape of the host country. Until 2022, the scholarship policies implemented by the EU and national foundations and agencies in Europe and America towards Russia generated mixed reactions. There has been a contentious debate surrounding the role of scholarship support in aligning the grantee with the foreign policy and soft power of the donor country. Following the Ukrainian crisis and subsequent tensions between Russia and Western nations, critical narratives began to emerge regarding Nordic ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... law. In our analysis of Denmark’s strategic culture, we build on the findings of the third-generation researchers of the phenomenon as the country’s use of military force is closely linked to its vision of world order, democratic values and its role in the Euro-Atlantic community, these three elements comprising ‘national optics’ [6].
The thesis about the allies attaching great significance to status and reputation when it comes to restating and reinforcing security guarantees has been proven ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... sphere and political-diplomatic contacts, particularly within the B3 + 1 format. The article will primarily focus on cooperation from the perspective of Germany, given its considerably larger foreign policy resource base and its aspirations to assume the role of the senior partner in bilateral relations.
Foreign and Russian authors have explored German cooperation with the Baltic states and to a lesser extent directly with Lithuania since the end of the Cold War [10], [11]. However, the majority of research ...
Russia’s spatial development and the emerging greater Eurasia: factors, trajectories and priorities
... analysing the phenomenon
of Greater Eurasia and the country’s position within it, we will examine its influence
on the Russian space: the formation of a multidirectional spatial development
paradigm, a recent surge of interest in understanding the role of Moscow, its
environs and eastern regions in the country’s socio-economic development, and
the need to pay closer attention to municipalities.
The phenomenon of Greater Eurasia and its impact on the spatial dynamics
of Russia: a conceptual approach....
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... encompassing socio-economic, political, and cultural dimensions. Cybergeography, in particular, focuses on unravelling the interactions between individuals, digital technologies, and geographical space. Moreover, it delves into the resulting changes in the role of geographical location within the digital realm, shedding light on emerging patterns in the territorial organization of the information society.
The increasing number of digital world studies is associated with the development of geoinformatics ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... geopolitical space. Therefore, stable localised relations of this kind can serve as the system foundation for geopolitical regions of various types.
As for the theoretical aspects, it is worth stressing the ambiguity of the scientific usage and cognitive role of the notions of ‘geopolitical regionalisation’ and ‘geopolitical region’ in geopolitics and human geography. Human geographers from St Petersburg, Russia, have recently proposed to adopt the activity-geospatial geo-spatial approach to ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... cooperative development and industrial production growth [7]. These trends acquire special significance amidst bans on foreign product imports and the necessity for import substitution development prompted by the imposition of sanctions [8]. Considering the role cooperation has in increasing the economic capacity of territories, analysing the prospects of such economic models is relevant for Kaliningrad, a territory where pressure from anti-Russian sanctions has proven challenging. Enterprises with collective ...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
The article explores the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship education within universities. This exploration is set against the backdrop of the rapid and widespread integration of AI technologies across economic and other domains of life. The authors aim ...
The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
... cooperation between Russia and the other Baltic region states are taken into account, as seen in my earlier works and those of other Russian and international experts.
Economic development: current level and rates
The three Baltic regions play a special role in Russia (Table 1). Their coastal and border position, on the one hand, and Russia’s involvement in the global economy, on the other, have made them ‘international development corridors’ [27]. They account for a significant portion of Russia’s ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... societal security concept is perceived by both governmental actors and different Russian schools of international relations (IR). The paper also discusses whether this concept has become a part of the Russian discourse on the BSR. Moreover, Russia’s role in shaping the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) societal security agenda is studied.
Theoretical framework, data and methodology
This study is based on two main theoretical approaches. As far as the Russian formal and informal discourses on ...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
... territories in need of support.
State of research
A surge of scientific interest in tourism development in the Baltic States as a cohesive region coincided with the independence of these countries. Agita Šļara and Iveta Druvaskalne have examined the role tourism played when the three states were joining the common European space [2]. Russian geographers focus on international cooperation in tourism and its specific spatial forms, such as transboundary tourist and recreational regions (TTRR). Irina ...
On the questions of correlation between semantic and social roles of adverbal actants
The article is devoted to analysing possible filling of the semantic valence of a verb by the participants of a situation (actants) performng various roles. The problem of the semantic and social role correlation is the focus of our attention.Moreover, the principles of marking semantic cases are considered; role and non-role actions are described; shortcomings of the role nomenclature are specified....
National innovation systems: a comparative study of the Baltic and South Caucasus States
... Kitanovic questioned the effectiveness of research based on the structural approach of NIS as the NIS of each country with an economy in transition develops in a certain unique historical way and with the introduction of various practices. Thus, the role of organisations and institutions that are part of the system may differ by country, and as a result, comparisons cannot be considered objective. For the author, the process-based approach was more acceptable, in which the main factor is the creation ...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... against COVID-19 [1]. The way communication channels present events and cause-and-effect relations has a direct impact on public consciousness [2], [3].
Research data demonstrates a deep politicization of the pandemic discourse, revealing the decisive role of politicians in shaping the agenda of traditional media [4], [6]. It can be assumed that media outlets, by broadcasting the authorities’ point of view, play a significant role in influencing and managing the public’s response during emergencies ...
International heritage in the memorial landscape of the Kaliningrad region
... through reconstructing its past [17, p. 37, 38], [21, p. 26].
Current research in the humanities tends to focus on the politics of memory practices, which aim to adjust or shape the existing image of the past in mass consciousness. It also explores the role of cultural memory in shaping social reality [22], [23], [24]. The relationship between cultural memory and identity has also been thoroughly investigated, along with the problem of using elements of cultural memory in ensuring the ‘ontological ...
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... regions will benefit the most from the linear-nodal settlement. The study identified the local cores that can lay the foundation for the transition to the new settlement model.
Introduction and problem setting
Coastal regions have a critical role in the development of nations, regardless of whether it is considered in a socioeconomic or political context. According to Aleksandr Druzhinin, the “gravitation to the sea” phenomenon, which encompasses the economic and population trends, along ...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
... highly permeable space); 2) the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region (the key factors are rotational employment and the introduction of the virus from without); 3) the Novgorod and Pskov regions (lowly permeable spaces of places; the central role of local foci of the disease). The principal risk factor for the space of flows is the rapid spread of Covid-19 along transport arteries, whilst, within the space of places, the coronavirus spreads through spatial diffusion from isolated foci along ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... in scientific and technological progress across different countries [1]. The selection of these patterns will depend on the authors’ interests in various aspects and subtleties of the subject.
Russian authors are mainly focused on the governmental role in scientific and technological development, describing it as a crucial factor [2], [3] or, at the very least, not insignificant [4]. In fact, the state is primarily responsible for promoting scientific and technological progress in Russia, as it ...
The formation of the political elite in Lithuania at the turn of the 1980s—1990s: the role of “moral politicians”
This article considers the trend of structural changes in the political elite of the Republic of Lithuania in the post-Soviet period through analyzing the role of the so-called “moral politicians” — intellectuals, artists, and cultural figures, who played a decisive role in the period of the communist system disintegration and further development of the country's policy. The role of the political ...
Spatial and structural patterns in the distribution of R&D, innovation and production activities in Russia
... research activities of one organisation are applied in the form of innovations in the open market of another. This made it possible to develop the idea of nonlinearity of the innovation process put forward by Schumpeter [12] as well as to substantiate the role of new knowledge as a source of endogenous growth for territorial innovation systems.
The results of some studies [13], [14], [15] indicate the presence of ‘hotspots’ (innovation clusters) and ‘voids’ (innovation periphery) on the national ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... significant part of cooperation ties with unfriendly countries to be restructured.
Introduction and Problem Statement
Innovations serve as a catalyst for the reorientation of industrial and technological structures [1], [2], playing a pivotal role in the restructuring of a regional economy and its adaptation to rapidly changing circumstances [3]. During times of crisis, regions that embrace innovative advancements tend to be more successful in navigating the aftermath of shocks. They leverage ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... model for their interaction. The reputation of Russia’s authorities is a critical component of the national symbolic capital and an intangible resource for the development of the state and municipal system of administration. Reputation plays a vital role in determining the success of the authorities’ political, economic, and social positions, as well as the overall competitiveness and efficiency of the country, ultimately leading to the development of the state. Researchers note that citizens have ...
Parliament and law-making: modern understanding of the role of parliamentary procedures and laws in transforming society
The author analyzes the place and role of parliament in today's transforming society and investigates the causes of the crisis of parliamentarism, the confrontation between parliament and government in some countries and in others - the widespread "legitimization" of government ...
Baltic Factor in Russia-France Relations
The article aims to identify the role of the Baltic factor in Russia-France relations. Despite the fact that the Baltic Sea region (BSR) no longer plays an important role in Russia-France bilateral relations, the authors attach significance to analysing the dynamics and changes of the ...
The Role of Political Elites in the Development of Politics of Memory in the Baltic States
... scrutinized in the context of political life and international relations. It is concluded that the narratives of the past where nazi and Soviet legacies are equated are actively promoted on the pan-European level. Elites of the Baltic States play a salient role in this process and enhance ties with the elites of the Eastern Europe, expert and political communities of the Western Europe and USA. The dominant trends in the development of the historical politics in the Baltic countries are the administrative ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
The role of universities in regional socio-economic systems is pivotal. However, despite the overall trend of GRP growth, regions of Russia’s Northwestern Federal District underperform on education-related measures. These include the share of education ...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... holding a distinctive legal status as a dominant entity. Its historical and social significance, along with the ability to preserve functions that mirror those of the state, allow the Church of Denmark to maintain its civilisational and culture-building role for the populace, especially the indigenous one. However, Denmark is not exempt from the secular trends prevalent in the Nordic countries. One notable tendency is the decline in adherents of the Evangelical Lutheran Church observed over recent decades....
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... policies of Denmark [3], [4] and Sweden [5], [6]. This review allows us to analyze the political models of interaction between the state and “non-Western” immigrants and the processes of segregation of ethnic enclaves in these two countries. A special role in this context belongs to the religious aspect of public attitude towards immigrants with Muslim background [7], [8]. To reveal this aspect, the researchers rely on critical discourse analysis of Danish socio-political discourse about Muslim ghettos ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... the largest enterprises in some regions. The restrictions could lead to a decrease in economic activity and employment. Sanctions against one company inevitably lead to risks along the value chain [25]. Therefore, this influence was stronger if the role of the organizations in the regional economy was higher. However, in the previous period of sanctions (2014—2022) Russian businesses found ways to circumvent restrictions [18], and sanctions did not have a lasting negative impact on their economic ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... geographical isolation of the region from the main territory of the country necessitates transit through foreign countries during the overland transport of goods between the territory and mainland Russia. This circumstance objectively amplifies the role of external connections in the region’s developmental landscape.
The accession of neighbouring countries, Lithuania and Poland, to NATO and the EU in 2003—2004 further complicated interactions between the region and other Russian territories ...
The peaks and troughs of Russian-Estonian relations
... the conflict with the West, centred around Ukraine. The member states of the EU and NATO that share a border with Russia adopted the most hard-line position, and Russia’s relations with its western neighbours have always been strained. A important role is played in these tensions by the ideological component, namely the different and often conflicting interpretations of historical events. Since the disputed events took place in the recent past, and some of the participants are still alive, these ...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
... the region’s population (575 people), conducted by the author in collaboration with Dr Ekaterina Shlapeko in 2021. Analysis of the survey results has confirmed the customariness of cross-border tourist mobility for the Karelians and the essential role it plays in their lives. These are manifested in regular trips to the neighbouring state, frequent contacts with Finnish travellers, marked preferences and a network of contacts with Finnish residents and organisations. The COVID-19 restrictions ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... of Latvia since 2013. The data collected were then analysed taking into account the geographical location of small towns. The research showed that the main factors influencing the development of small towns are the level of business activity and the role of local authorities in the provision of public funding. The article describes prospects for the polycentric development of small towns and analyses the ways of reducing disparities in their development in terms of the working and living conditions ...
Cross-border digitalization of the western border of Russia: potential and prospects
... allocation of leaders, moderate and lagging regions, and an assessment of their spatial location relative to the state border. Possible reasons for the current digital inequality, primarily of a socio-economic nature, are discussed. The determining role of the institutional factor in realizing the potential of cross-border digitalization has been substantiated. It is concluded that political efforts for digital convergence in the western direction are being undertaken only between Russia and Belarus,...
Migration attractiveness of the coastal zone of Russia’s North-West: local gradients
... vol. 9, no. 2, p 19—30. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2074-9848-2017-2-2.
6. Creel, L. 2003, Ripple effects: population and coastal regions, Washington.
7. Coldbach, C. 2017, Out-migration from Coastal Areas in Ghana and Indonesia — the Role of Environmental Factors, CESifo Economic Studies, vol. 63, no. 4, p. 529—559. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/ifx007.
8. Druzhinin, A., Mikhaylov, A., Lialina A. 2021, Migration and innovation attractiveness of coastal regions: analysis ...
Functions of syntactic structures in the context of jakobson’s model of communication
The article discusses the role of the syntactic level of the organisation of a poetic text in the formation of a model of literary communication. The research aims to identify the role of syntactic structures in the construction of lyric discourse and to explore the poetic function ...
Knowledge Management and the Increase of SME Competitiveness: a Case Study
The need to enhance the competitiveness and innovation capacity of small and medium enterprises is one of the key objectives of emerging EU economies. In this regard, the authors define the role of knowledge in enhancing business competitiveness in a regional economy. The effect of knowledge management processes on the economic activity of businesses in the Latvian region of Latgale is considered. To assess the role of knowledge and knowledge ...
The role of the Kaliningrad region in the development of Russian-German relations
Germany is one of the principal partners of the Russian Federation. The Kaliningrad region plays a significant role in the development of partnership between the two countries, but the existing opportunities for development are not fully exploited. This article analyses the development, current state and prospects of an increasing role of the region in Russian-German ...