Search

This paper explores the new frontier within Kantian scholarship which suggests that Kant places so much special importance on the value of rational nature that the supreme principle of morality and the concept of human dignity are both grounded on it. Advocates of this reading argue that the notion of autonomy and dignity should now be considered as the central claim of Kant’s ethics, rather than the universalisation of maxims. Kant’s ethics are termed as ...

... condition that the notion of freedom as relating to practical reason is necessarily understood as freedom aimed at the good. In the sphere of the ideal, i. e. the sphere of logical bases of ethics, there should be no freedom aimed at evil; such freedom exists only in the real, empirical world. One can assume that the notion of freedom of will as freedom aimed at the good, being a condition for the possibility of morals, relates to the notion of a sentient being in general, including the notion of ‘human being’, whereas the notion of freedom as freedom of choice relates to a real human individual. However, the latter is capable of moral improvement through a “revolution in the disposition” and can correspond to the human determination — ...

... humanism”, which was introduced by Julian Nida-Rümelin and Nathalie Weidenfeld, who argue that algorithms (possibly) are useful “tools”, but emphasise — thus rejecting excessive “post-humanist” (Utopian or dystopian) ideas about AI — that there exists a crucial difference between human action and its (partial) AI-simulation. While Nida-Rümelin/Weidenfeld´s “digital humanism” is, on the one hand, inspired by Kant’s conception of human autonomous self-determination, the concept of “structural rationality” that they advocate ...

... linguistic interactions. This domain constitutes the ecological niche of humans as organism-environment systems. It is in this continuously self-constructed human niche that the uniquely human power to reasoning (intelligence) emerges and develops. Humanness rests in language as the creative beginning of the world in which we exist as organisms capable of speech. Bunnell, P., 2020. Reflections on languaging. Constructivist Foundations , 15 (2), pp. 152—155. Button, T., 2013. The Limits of Realism . Oxford. Cariani, P., 2020. In defense of biosemiotics. Constructivist ...

The analysis of existing rule of International humanitarian law governing the cases of use of human shields by the parties of armed conflict justifies the conclusion that these persons are a sui generis case and should be regarded as an exception to a number of general rules. As a result, they should not be classified as taking a direct part in ...

... and of the physical domain of existence. In: Texts in cybernetic theory: conference workbook (American Society for Cybernetics Conference, 18—23 October 1988. Felton, pp. 4—53. Maturana, H. R., 1984. The tree of knowledge: the biological roots of human under­standing. Boston. Maturana, H. R., 1990. The biological foundations of self-consciousness and the physical domain of existence. In: Beobachter: Konvergenz der Erkenntnistheorien? Mu­nich, pp. 47—117. Maturana, H. R., 1995. Biology of Cognition. In: V. V. Petrov, ed., Jazyk i intellect [Language and intelligence]. Moscow, pp. 95—142 (in Russ.). Maturana, H. R., ...

... Auseinandersetzung um den ontologischen Gottesbeweis von Anselm bis Hegel. München: C. H. Beck. Sartre, J.-P., 2007. Existentialism is a Humanism. New Heaven & London: Yale University Press, pp. 17-72. Schelling, F. W. J. v., 1856a. Einleitung in die Philosophie ... ... zur Trinität bei Hegel und Schelling. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. ontological argument, being and thought, being, existence, negative philosophy, positive philosophy, ontotheology, Anselm of Canterbury, Descartes, Kant, Schelling Patkul A....

The positions of Christian Wolff and Im­manuel Kant on the possibility of proving the existence of God require some examination. Wolff’s critique of the physical-theological proof and his proposed ways of improving ... ... fundamental prerequisite of his theoretical and practical philosophy. Although Wolff insists that the natural law is inherent in human nature and can therefore be comprehended by human reason without turning to divine revelation, in reality God is the creator ...

The developers of ecological ethics claim that the rationale of anthropocentrism is false. Its main message is that natural complexes and resources exist to be useful to the human being who sees them only from the perspective of using them and does not take into account their intrinsic value. Kant’s anthropocentric teaching argues that the instrumental attitude to nature has its limits. These limits are hard to determine ...

In this article, I use the concept of discursive practices to consider the speech practices of the Russian diaspora of Estonia. The findings of the study suggest the existence of an invariant discourse generated by an exemplary member of the diaspora. Such a discourse has formal (borrowings, code-switching, etc.), semantic (referential shifts, semantically re-oriented vocabulary, etc.), and pragmatic features. The ...

... capitalism. It is well-established that Dostoevsky's ‘orthodox’ socialist stance resonated with Marx's critique of bourgeois society, focusing on themes of materialism, the dominance of wealth, and alienation. Both thinkers grappled with the concept of human free­dom, recognizing it as an intrinsic characteristic and essential aspect of humanity. While they shared similar views on existential and social dimensions of freedom, they diverged in their conceptual approaches to achieving it. The study aims ...

... order of nature (1); Augustinianism based on original sin in which human agency is completely attributed to God’s grace (2); a Hegelian critique of the deontological conception of an “unconditional ought” which also puts Kant’s postulate of the existence of God into question (3); the combination in Radical Orthodoxy of a postmodern critique of the subject, an Augustinian view of human nature, and a monistic understanding of the Trinity (4). Their different diagnoses why Kant’s work constitutes a cul-de-sac are contrasted with theological positions that welcome it as a watershed: its move from ontology to human subjectivity; ...

... itself and its value to merit reproduction? Herein it is useful to look to Kant, who wrote much on whether, by reproducing, humans do wrong or right morally. Two main arguments are put forward and assessed: one examining whether perfect or imperfect ... ... American Catholic Philosophical Association, 63, pp. 48-53. Benatar, D., 2006. Better Never to Have Been: The Harm of Coming into Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Benatar, D. and Wasserman, D., 2015. Debating Procreation: Is It Wrong to Reproduce?...

... one's environment. Selfhood is a flexible entity, receptive to new content, capable of self-modification, and open to change. The primary identity of the self-aware individual is the self-sufficient personality without any specific characteristics. Human existence is marked by absence, lack, loss, and an aspiration for change. It resembles an emptiness that defies classifi­cation, a drifting surplus that connects the unconnected. In this context, the article places particular emphasis on the apophatic ...

... metaphysical synthesis. He set himself the task of “transforming” the Kantian philosophy into a new metaphysical system proceeding from the foundational principles of critical thinking. As a result, he managed to overcome the abstract concept of the human being characteristic of Neo-Kantians to put the concrete human in the absolute horizon of being at the focus of philosophical investigations. In his metaphysics anthropology begins to play a system-forming and meaning-forming role, and onto-epistemological ...

... feudal absolutism. In this atmosphere, a newconceptual culture emerged. This culture, warmly welcomed by the society, rested on reason, virtue, justice, and tolerance, which reflected the common attitudes of burgher Germany towards apparently natural human inclinations. It contradicted both Augustine’s teaching of human corruption and Hobbes’s misanthropic anthropology. This German sensitivity served as the basis for Lessing’s philosophy of hope. Lessing’s “code of hope”, whose ideas developed ...

... of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from Plato’s. This is also true of Kant’s conception of freedom and of human rights. The greatest impact on Kant’s moral philosophy is due to the ...

... world” implies more than the technical and instrumental aspects and usage of technology; it equally involves our tangible human social engagement and interface with the tools and technologies themselves. The relevance of digital studies to translation ... ... digital world, presenting research areas in digital studies that can be explored in relation to translation studies. While the existing analytical and critical approaches to researching translation can arguably be extended and transposed to include elements ...

... [Kant and Hegel in Their Doctrines on Law and State: Two Typical Constructions in the Field of Philosophy of Law]. Moscow: University Printing House. (In Rus.) Novgorodtsev, P. I., 1905. Two Sketches: 1. Before the Veil. 2. The Right to a Dignified Human Existence. Polarnaya Zvezda [Polar Star] (St. Petersburg), 30 Dec., 3, pp. 210-222. (In Rus.) Novgorodtsev, P. I., 1911. The Right to a Dignified Human Existence. In: P. I. Novgorodtsev and I. A. Pokrovsky, 1911. O prave na sushchestvovanie. Sotsial’no-filosofskie ...

Using the concept of «power over things», this article describes human experience in the ownership,management and disposal of things. The diversity of this experience manifests itself in the existential strategies of power over things distinguished by the author — labour, adventures and acquisitiveness. The suggested ...

... those of destiny, desperate situations, ordeals, and suffering. The texts have a similar structure combining reminiscences of the main characters with interactions between the past and the present. However, the two authors approach the problem of the existence of the main characters differently. Ivanov’s character associates the topos of the city with life and hope while Wieck’s character — with death and disillusionment. Nevertheless, both texts convey the authors’ humanistic attitude to the human being and the world. 1. Berdyaev, N. A., 1995. Tsarstvo dukha i tsarstvo kesarya [The Kingdom of Spirit and the Kingdom of Caesar]. Moscow. 2. Vik, M., 2004. Zakat Kenigsberga. Svidetel'stvo nemetskogo evreya [Sunset of Koenigsberg. Evidence ...

... Maturana, H. R., 1988. Ontology of observing: The biological foundations of self-consciousness and of the physical domain of existence. In: R. E. Donaldson, ed. Texts in cybernetic theory: An in-depth exploration of the thought of Humberto R. Maturana,... ... Society for Cyberne­tics, pp. 1—54. Maturana, H. R., Mpodozis, J. and Letelier, J. C., 1995. Brain, language, and the origin of human mental functions. Biological Research, 28, pp. 15—26. Maturana, H. R., 1978. Biology of language: The epistemology of ...

... explicitly how Kant takes up this ancient philosophy anew for his time, and for his fellow human beings. In so doing, he continued a trend that had begun in the Enlightenment. In Universal Natural History and Theory of Heavens, Kant showed that the world can exist without God’s constant intervention. Human being must understand his position in the cosmos and his radical finitude. Closeness to God can only arise through the moral feeling and the infinitely distant work of God, heaven itself — a famous motif Kant adopted from Seneca. Therefore, comfort ...

... (kartiny blizhaishego razvitiya) [Soviet city tomorrow. (Pictures of proximal development)]. Moscow; Leningrad, 96 p. (in Russ.). Rumyantsev, A. M. and Mamardashvili, M. K., eds., 1964. Kakoe budushchee ozhidaet chelovechestvo? [What future awaits humanity?]. Moscow, 504 p. (in Russ.). Ryurikov, J., 1961 . Cherez 100 i 1000 let [In 100 and 1000 years]. Moscow, 112 p. (in Russ.). Sedashov, N., 2023. Longing for a past that never existed: what causes the epidemic of nostalgia. Available at: https://www.forbes.ru/tekhnologii/511059- toska-po-proslomu-kotorogo-ne-bylo-cem-obuslovlena-epidemia-nostalgii [Accessed 23 June 2024] (in Russ.). Shikarev, S., Verkin, E. and Breininger,...

... social development, which is closely linked with the moral ideal — the kingdom of ends — may form the basis of the concept of society in which individual freedom and social development are interconnected and the mutually determining elements of the human being in whom freedom can be exercised only if it contributes to social good. The Kantian interpretation of social development as the human being forming the sphere of free being can be the basis of a critical assessment of the content of video ...

... know a priori that we cannot know either the nature of things in themselves or whether things in themselves exist or do not exist’. Kantian Methodological Eliminativism (KME) about things in themselves says that for the purposes of the theory of real ... ... Sbornik [Kantian Papers]. Vol 36. Issue 2. 4. Hume, D. 1996, Issledovanija o chelovecheskom poznanii [An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding]. Essay XII, Part III // Jum D. Sochinenija [Hume D. Works]. In 2 volumes. Vol. 2. Мoscow. 5. Gödel, K. ...

... play of powers, whereas power is a category that makes it possible to understand the supersensible as a realm of laws. This interpretation is inherent in the system of not only theoretical but also practical reason. Freedom is the ‘substance’ of human existence. The unity of freedom is an idea, whose unity is presented in the diversity of actions in the sensible world. A condition for cognising freedom is the categorical imperative. Apparently, applying the moral law formula may lead to contradictions....

... of competence modules, disciplines, the so-called academic practices, and the number of hours and credits stipulated in the existing curricula. A formal comparison of generalised quantitative indicators without analysing the content of curriculum components ... ... N. 2009, Razvitie chelovecheskogo potenciala i realizacija praktiki social'nogo partnerstva: rabota PROON v regionah Rossii [Human development and implementation of social partnership practice: the work of UNDP in the Russian regions], Strategicheskoe ...