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The aim is to examine Alois Riehl’s contribution to the “culture war” (Kulturkampf) in the second half of the nineteenth century. We show that he used Kant’s autonomy principle to argue against the idea that religious dogmatism is a fundament of morality. We prove this thesis by focusing on the forgotten historical background, which is important for an understanding of Morals und Dogma. Originally this essay was an ...

... Cassini, J., Maraldi, G. F., 1705. Sur les règles de la condensation de l’air. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences 1705, pp. 61-74. Des-Cartes, R., 1644. Principia philosophiae. Amsterdami: apud Ludovicum Elzevirium. Descartes, R., 1982. Principles of Philosophy. Translated, with explanatory notes, by V. R. Miller and R. P. Miller. Dordrecht, Boston and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Euler, L., 1962. Nova theoria lucis et colorum. In: Opera omnia. Ser. 3: Opera physica; Miscellanea; ...

Carruthers, P., 2017. Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness. In: S. Schneider and M. Velmans, eds. 2017. The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Hoboken. N. J.: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 288-297. Home, H., 2005. Essays on Principles of Morality and Natural Religion. Natural Law and Enlightenment Classics. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. Hume, D., 1960. A Treatise of Human Nature. Reprinted from the original edition in 3 volumes and edited, with an Analytical Index, by L. A....

... dello “Allwill” e del “Woldemar”. In: F. Fabbianelli, 2000. Antropologia trascendentale e la visione morale del mondo. Il primo Fichte e il suo contesto. Milano: Guerini, pp. 183-207. Fichte, J. G., 2005. The System of Ethics According to the Principles of the Wissenschaftslehre. Translated and edited by D. Breazeale, G. Zöller. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fichte, J. G., 1849. The Way towards the Blessed Life, or The Doctrine of Religion. Translated from the German by W. Smith....

... religio-philosophical doctrines. This is also obvious in Kant’s — direct and indirect — confrontation with the “Ring Parable” in Lessing’s drama Nathan the Wise. The criticism that becomes apparent there concerns above all the question of “principles” left unclarified by Lessing, the “equal rank” of the monotheistic religions which he claimed, and the asserted “competition of religions.” I investigate some of the main points of this criticism. Allison, H. E., 2011. Reason, Revelation,...

... fact that the content of logic for women is practically no different from the content of classical compendiums was a revolutionary development, a practical implementation of the postulate that logic is universal and can be understood by everyone, a principle formulated earlier in the works of C. Thomasius and C. Wolff. Anon., 1759. Neufchatel (Rev.: F. J. Durand, Aglaé philo­sophe ou Cours de Philosophie à la portée des Dames. Neufchatel, 1757, 330 p.). Wöchentliche gelehrte Nachrichten....

... The reason for this is that “fitting” philosophical thinking about the phenomenon of religion into the classical triad of any system of philosophy, i. e. effectively formulating that phenomenon in logical concepts, ethical postulates and aesthetic principles touched the very foundations of that system. Drawing mainly on the rough notes and correspondence of Cohen and Natorp I argue that, in spite of internal and quite important differences over the problems of religion and its place in philosophical ...

At the centre of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from Plato’s. This is also true of Kant’s conception of freedom and of human rights. The greatest impact on Kant’s moral philosophy ...

... London et al.: Free Press, pp. 1-163. Durkheim, E., 2013. Division of Labour in Society. 2nd Edition. Edited and with a new introduction by S. Lukes. Translation by W. D. Halls. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Ehrlich, E., 1913. Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law. Translated by W. L. Moll; with an introduction by R. Pound; with a new introduction by K. A. Ziegert, 2017. New York: Routledge. Gergilov, R. E., 2005. Law as a Social Control: George Gurvitch’s Conception. Journal ...

... establishing and the culture of truly moral Gesinnung, as well as the problem of the immutability of Gesinnung in the progress towards the good. The new theses that appear in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason are Gesinnung as the internal subjective principle of maxims, on virtue as evidence of the presence of Gesinnung, on act as a manifestation of Gesinnung, on the unintelligibility of Gesinnung in its noumenal, suprasensible character, on the innateness of Gesinnung in the sense that it exists ...

... treatment of being and, fourth, the formation of a distinct phenomenological idiom. I come to the conclusion that the metaphysical-ontological method of phenomenological analysis of appearance proposed by Fink affords a new insight into the a priori principle and the nature of Kant’s “thing in itself” and proposes a new grounding of Husserl’s thesis which questions Kant’s agnosticism. Burkhanov, R. A., 2016. Thing in itself and a Phenomenon, Noumenon and Phenomenon, Transcendental,...

This article considers Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work “A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition”. The alternative interpretations of Kant’s argumentation offered by T. Pinder and J. Schmucker are discussed. The author comes to the conclusion that none of these interpretations has advantages over the traditional ...

This article deals with Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work "A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition". The author offers a new interpretation of Kant’s argumentation. 1. Ансельм Кентерберийский. Просологион // Ансельм Кентерберийский. Сочи­нения....

This article considers the functions, structure and actions of transcendental logic in “The Analytic of Principles” of Kant’s “Critique of pure reason”. The author explicates the specificity, rules, laws and the method of transcendental logic in this sphere of analytic. 1. Кант И. Критика чистого разума (В, 1787 г.) ...

Through the difference between the first and the second variants of «The Introduction» to «The Critique of Judgement», the author shows the epistemological meaning of teleological principle revealed by Kant in the cognition of nature. 1. Кант И. Первое введение в Критику способности суждения // Собр. соч.: в 6 т. М., 1966. Т. 5. С. 99—159. 2. Кант И. Критика ...

The author analyses the Enlightenment's principle of justifying lie from altruistic motives, which was criticised by Kant in the article "On a supposed right..." The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of arguments drawn in Kant's work. The author proves and specifies ...

This offers an introduction to the analysis of Kant’s refutation of the ontological argument in his dissertation A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition (Nova dilucidatio). The author explains the importance of the pre-critical argument analysis for the understanding of argumentation presented in the Critique of Pure Reason. The traditional interpretation of the arguments ...

... “tradition” and the “purpose-task” in the philosophy of Sergius Hessen. The article identified the meaning of values and hierarchy of values of Heinrich Rickert in definition of the notions of “tradition” and “purpose-task” and the main principle of their interaction. 1. Гессен С. И. Основы педагогики. Введение в прикладную философию. М., 1995. 2. Гессен С. И. Мое жизнеописание // Гессен С. И. Избранные ...

This article focuses o the functions, structure and effects of transcendental logic in the Analytic of concepts of Kant's "Critique of pure reason". The author explicates different aspects, rules, principles, the method and procedures of transcendental logic. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Взаимодействие формальной и трансцендентальной логики // Кантовский сборник. 2006. Вып....

This article demonstrates the application of I. Kant’s and A. Schopenhauer’s principles of ethics to the real case of transplantation of an organ, which was not HIV tested. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Системная модель аргументации как основа методологии компаративистских ...

... draft of Husserl’s practical philosophy (scientific ethics). Comparative analysis reveals terminological and conceptual similarities and differences between Kant’s and Husserl’s practical philosophies. Another important result is identifying the principles and departure point ideas for both thinkers. These are a shared understanding of the relationship between theoretical and practical reason, the principle of the ‘purity’ of moral motives and compulsoriness of the a priori, the idea of parallelism ...

... second variant of S. L. Katrechko’s interpretation antecedes Husserl’s phenomenology, which introduced a substantive a priori justification of human experience. This is a realist interpretation of Husserl’s philosophy. At its core is a fundamental principle of phenomenology — the validation of knowledge by a reflective examination of its premises and the everyday experience through which it is obtained. It is stressed that, unlike Kant, Husserl’s phenomenology rejects the existence of unknowable ...

... Content, and the a Priori: A Study in the Philosophy of Mind and Knowledge. Oxford. 9. Monk, R. 2016, Bertrand Russell: The Spirit of Solitude, 1872—1921. Volume 1. N. Y. 10. Russell, B. 1959, My Philosophical Development. London. 11. Russell, B. 1996, Principles of Mathematics. 2nd ed. N. Y.

... 13. Lafont, C. 2010, Accountability and global governance: challenging the state-centric conception of human rights, in: Ethics & Global Politics 3/3, pp. 193—215. 14. Maus, I. 2004, Kant’s Reasons against a Global State: Popular Sovereignty as a Principle of International Law, in: Filozofski Godisnuak 17, pp. 81—97. 15. Mertens, T. 2007, Kant’s Cosmopolitan Values and Supreme Emergencies, in: Journal of Social Philosophy 38/2, pp. 222—241. 16. Mikalsen, K. K. 2011, In defense of Kant’s ...

... number of similar subsystems. 1. Kant, I. 1964, Kritika chistogo razuma [Critique of Pure Reason] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 volumes], vol 3, Moscow. 2. Kant, I. 1965, Оsnovy metafiziki nravov [Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy v 6 t. [Collected works in 6 vo¬lu¬mes], vol 4(1), Moscow. 3. Kant, I. 1965a, Kritika prakticheskogo razuma [Critique of Practical Reason] in: Kant, I. Sobranie sochineniy ...

... based on Kant’s theory. However, their theories differ in some aspects. This article is an attempt to establish the connection between the two systems. Special attention is paid to the fundamental differences between the theories and their common principles. Unlike Gadamer, Kant focuses on general aesthetic categories and aesthetic perception rather than artistic phenomena. Kant’s thesis about ‘disinterested liking’ and the correlation between Kant’s definitions of art and cognition are ...

... took place in Russian in 1913— 1916, and the outstanding philosophers and pedagogues like M. Rubinstein, P. Blonskiy, V. Soroka- Rosinskiy, S. Zolotarev, P. Devin, S. Rusova and others participated in these debates. As result there worked out the principles of the general and equally accessible national education for all social groups and the harmonious and humane patriotic upbringing, which had to be open to the best achievements of the world culture. The letters of Russian scholars V. Dinze ...

... ucheniya o prave [Metaphysical Elements of Justice] In: Kant, I. Soch. v 6 t. Vol. 4. Part 2, Moscow, p. 107—302. 2. Fichte, J. G., 2014. Osnova jestestvennogo prava soglasno prinzipam naukoucheniya [Foundations of Natural Right according to the Principles of the Science of Knowledge], Moscow.

... Plato, J. Pestalozzi and I. Kant, while second deals with his critic of fundamental grounds of dominant contemporary pedagogical system. The major Natorp’s objection was directed against positioning psychology at the basis of a pedagogical theory. In principle this point of critique was matter of continuation of much broader debate between Neo- Kantianism and Positivism which for this time took place on pedagogical “territory”. In addition to ethics and psychology Natorp proposes to broaden theoretical ...

... sphere and viewed the Kantian and neo-Kantian teaching of ‘pure experience’ as a section of that sphere. However, Russian metaphysical personalists were not Leibniz’s epigones, since they denied one of the key postulates of his Monadology — the principle of pre-established harmony. It is concluded that neo-Leibnizianism or metaphysical personalism has spiritual kinship with Russian religious philosophy (the case of A. S. Khomyakov and V. S. Soloviev is used as proof). On the contrary, neo-Kantianism ...

... Kristijonas Donelaitis and Kant. Special attention is paid to the differences between the ontological foundations of these soteriologies stemming from differences in the hermeneutic circles. The influence of pietism on the development of the hermeneutic principles is analysed in the works of both authors. An attempt is made at a partial revision of Donetlaitis’s and Kant’s chronosoteriological concepts in the context of modern global threats. Both Donelaitis — rightfully considered the founder ...

... insist on inadmissibility of lying. On the other, in controversial situations, polemics focus on the necessity to conceal information to save a human life rather than lies proper. The idea of ‘inverted world’ is not a formal abstraction but the principle behind the movement of historical life. A phenomenological analysis of the polemic between Kant and Constant shows that the problem of alleged right to lie out of love of humanity is a result of an incorrectly posed question. 1. Fink E. 1977....

... psychology of unconscious interest. The authors examine relevant aspects of Gottsched’s rational aesthetics in his struggle against pre-Romanticism theories. Attention is paid to the ideational proximity between Gottsched’s ideas and Kant’s regulative principles of practical reason. The authors emphasise the significance of Gottsched’s philosophy of language and his connection with the tradition of ontological theory of language in the context of modern hermeneutic research. 1. Weidle V. 2000,...

... liberal and socialist ideas in the social and philosophical conception of the prominent methodologist of social sciences and a Neo-Kantian legal theorist Bogdan Kistyakovsky. The author stresses the uncertainty of both the definition of liberalism and the principles behind attributing concrete thinkers to this movement. The article emphasises the inconsistency of classifying Kistyakovsky’s socio-philosophical concept as liberal. The analysis performed is based on Kistyakovsky’s model of the ‘state ...

... Kognitivnyj podhod k argumentacii [The Cognitive Approach to Argumentation], in: Racio. ru. [Ratio. ru] 2009. No. 2. С. 2—22. 3. Zilber, A. S. 2016, Naskol'ko transcendental'ny Kantovy principy publichnogo prava? [How transcendental are Kant’s principles of public law?], in: Kantovskij sbornik [Kant’s Compendium]. 2016. No. 1 (55). S. 34—51. 4. Kant, I. 1994а, Antropologija s pragmaticheskoj tochki zrenija [Anthropology from a Pragmatical Point of View], in: Kant, I. Soch.: v 8 t. T. 7....

... nature and morality and interpreted law as an insufficient but necessary prerequisite for harmonizing relations in a society. Hessen developed an original understanding of the ideal of state organisation — a democratic state that incorporates the principles of liberalism and socialism. 1. Gessen, S. I., 2010a, Moe zhizneopisanie [My biography], in: Gessen S. I. Izbrannoe [Selected works], Moscow, p. 772—827. 2. Gessen, S. I., 2010b, Pravovoe gosudarstvo i socialism [Legal state and socialism],...

... it”; [CPR, A 713/В 741], which is “thoroughly grounded on definitions, axioms, and demonstrations” [CPR, A 726/В 754]. Unlike specific ‘physical’ objects, mathematical objects are of abstract nature and they are introduced using Hume’s principle of abstraction. Based on the doctrine of schematism, Kant develops an original theory of abstraction: Kant’s schemes serve as a means to construct mathematical objects, as an “action of pure thought" [CPR, B 81]. A ‘constructive’ ...

Natural Law Notes of Feyerabend is one of the most important sources by the research of ethical and juridical views of Kant. Dating back to 1784 they distinctly demonstrate that the basic principles of Kant’s philosophy of right are not a late production of the philosopher, but they have been formed already in the middle of 80’s of 18th century. Therewith we can use this lectures notes for the studies of Kant’s moral philosophy too,...

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the content, meaning, and scenarios of applying the transcendental principles of public law formulated in the second appendix to Kant’s treatise Toward Perpetual Peace. The author compares different interpretations of these principles by Russian and international researchers. The article strives to answer the question ...

... debates took place in Russian in 1913—1916, and the outstanding philosophers and pedagogues like M. Rubinstein, P. Blonskiy, V. Soroka-Rosinskiy, S. Zolotarev, P. Devin, S. Rusova and others participated in these debates. As result there worked out the principles of the general and equally accessible national education for all social groups and the harmonious and humane patriotic upbringing, which had to be open to the best achievements of the world culture. The letters of Russian scholars V. Dinze ...

... means to link the a priori and empirical and translate both into reality. It is emphasized that religion becomes a tool for understanding values as rules. It is concluded that Alekseev’s philosophy of law combines Neo-Kantian and phenomenological principles with religious aspects. 1. Alexeev, N. N., 1912, Nauki obshhestvennye i estestvennye v istoricheskom vzaimootnoshenii ih metodov: ocherki po istorii i metodologii obshhestvennyh nauk [Social and natural sciences in the historic relationship ...

... thinkers the most prominent exponents of transcendental philosophy. The differences in the ontological aspects are interpreted based on the similarities and differences in the epistemological objectives of both philosophers. This corresponds to the principles and programmes of comparative investigations in Kant’s and Husserl’s philosophies, which were proposed by Russian and international philosophers such as Paul Ricoeur, Alexey Chernyakov, William McKenna. The distinctions in the ontological ...

... problemie chistogo znanija. Pier. V. N. Belova [On the problem of pure knowledge. Trans. V. N. Belov] // Logos [Logos]. № 6, p. 119—162. 16. Frank S. L. 1995, Predmiet znanija. Ob osnovah i predelah otvlechennogo znanija [The subject knowledge. On the principles and the limits of abstract knowledge] // Frank S. L. Predmiet znanija. Dusha cheloveka [Frank S. L. The subject knowledge. The soul of man]. SPb, p. 7—515. 17. Jakovenko B. 1912—1913, Ob immanientnom transcendentizmie, transcen¬dent¬nom ...

... razuma [Critique of Pure Reason] in: Kant, I. Sochinenija v shesti tomah [The works in six volumes], vol. 3, Moscow. 3. Kant, I. 1964b, Issledovanie stepeni jasnosti prinzipov estestvennoj teologii I morali [Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morality] in: Kant, I. Sochinenija v shesti tomah [The works in six volumes], vol. 2, Moscow. 4. Kant, I. 1965а, Prolegomeni ko vsjakoj buduschej metafisike, moguschej pojavitsja kak nauka [Prolegomena to any future ...

... Moscow. 5. Vvedensky, A. I. 2012, O predelah i priznakah oduschevleniya [The limits and signs of animation], Moscow. 6. Vvedensky, A. I. 2011, Opit postroeniya teorii materii na kriticheskoj filosofii [The experience of building a theory of matter on the principles of critical philosophy], Moscow. 7. Vvedensky, A. I. 1892, O predelah i priznakah oduschevleniya [The limits and signs of animation], Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya [Journal of the Ministry of national education], vol. CCLXXXI,...

Leaping beyond the limits of one’s time with the help of imagination is a rather common procedure; however, such leap made with the help of rational philosophical principles and taking one 150 years into the future to a precisely designed landing ground is unprecedented. Kant preformed this intellectual feat through understanding the true essence of human nature. All the novelties and discoveries that he introduced ...

Robert Nozik's political theory contains an attempt to utilize Kant's notion of individual freedom and the second formula of his categorical imperative (“the principle of humanity as an end in itself”) for the justification of his libertarian “minimal state”. This article analyses and criticizes this attempt on the following grounds: a) the anthropological models of Kant's and Nozik's theories are incommensurable; ...

... than a being affected by emotions and passion as from the psychological perspective or that guided by their own interests as from the economic one.The Russian philosopher also stresses the evident positivity of the definition of ethics in Cohen’s principle of the law of truth that can be correctly perceived only within a combination of the logical and the ethical. 1. Дмитриева Н. А. Русское неокантианство: Марбург в России. Историко-философские ...

... at the Turn of the 20th Century. P. Lang, 2005. 13. Rheinberger H.-J. On Historicizing Epistemology. Stanford University Press, 2010. 14. Rodin A. Axiomatic Method and Category Theory // Synthese Library. Springer, 2014. Vol. 364. 15. Russell B. Principles of Mathematics. L., 1903. 16. Russell B. A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz. L. ; N. Y., 1996. 17. Schreiber U. Classical field theory via Cohesive homotopy types. arXiv:1311.1172 (2013) (дата обращения: 19.01....

... moral foundations as an internal absolute value. However, a definition of morals is meaningful only as an individual experience of a person, social requirements become moral only through a self-determined person. Being critical and formal, the moral principle does not eliminate the possibility of a combination with certain temporary goals. The formulas of a categorical imperative are aimed at an individual but their requirements are based on such objective repre-sentations as law and state.This article ...