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... contradictory relations with the trio of political institutions within whose orbits he was moving: 1) the Ministry of Interior; 2) the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; 3) and the Soviet Red Cross Mission/Political Representation in Prague. The reader is invited to assess Jakobson’s loyalties: whether to concur with Georgii Chicherin’s opinion that Jakobson is perhaps “an unreliable but absolutely indispensable” because, as the chief of the Soviet delegation, Antonov-Ovseenko, put it, “a good half of our ...

... Russian and German researchers have been paying little attention to the analytical aspect of the Russian historiographer’s work. The article deals with the the attitude to Karamzin’s research activity, accentuating the significance of his work for assessing the events of 500 years ago and of today. 1. Балязин В. Н. Россия и Тевтонский орден // Вопросы истории. 1963. № 6. 2. Енш Г. А. Н. М. Карамзин, Н. П. Румянцев и археография ...

... judgements about Napoleon in the culture of German pre-romanticism as signs of literary diagnostics indicative of the contradictory dialectics of artistic consciousness in distinguishing the “codes” of life and death in arts. The completely opposite assessment of Napoleon in the history of German romanticism identifies the problem of a human being as a “field of fate” — a site of the battle between the Light and Darkness. The author emphasises the transformation of the legend of Napoleon in ...

This article provides an analysis of the situation around studying the problem of the human being that developed in Soviet medieval studies in the 1950—70s. Emphasising the characteristic of the period monologue nature of assessing the meaning content of the image of the human being, the author compares the ideas of D. S. Likhachev and V. P. Adrianova-Peretz, and S. S. Averintsev about the nature of the human being in ancient texts and identifies the underlying internal ...

... folklore text in the process of learning Russian as a foreign language. The author analyses the image and concept-related cultural difficulties faced by foreigners when studying Russian folk tales. The article identifies the differences in perceiving and assessing the culturally relevant folklore motifs by recipients with different cultural mental setups. It is stressed that studying folk tales gives foreign students an idea of the culture of Russian people, their fundamental features and values, and ...

This article considers the aesthetic views of Delvig as a critic and identifies the sources that help him develop individual criteria for assessing literary works. The author emphasises his original interpretation of theoretical problems of aesthetics characteristic of Romanticism. It is stressed that the category of harmony defined by Delving as a crucial principle of artistry is very ...

... New York State Department of Health. Available at: < https://www.health.ny.gov/regu lations/task_force/reports_publications/docs/ventila tor_guidelines.pdf> [Accessed on 19 October 2021]. Ogedegbe, G., Ravenell, J., Adhikari, S. et al., 2020. Assessment of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospitalization and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in New York City. JAMA Network Open, 3(12), e2026881. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26881 Rawls, J., 1999. A Theory of Justice. Revised ...

It is necessary to reconsider P. M. S. Hacker’s assessment of Kant and Wittgenstein’s philosophical affinities and the question concerning Wittgenstein’s alleged use of “transcendental arguments”. First, Alfred Norman’s reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus as a thought experiment ...

... analysis of key modern concepts of moral universality. The article also suggests possible avenues for continued research in this area which could prompt modifications not only to the history of the concept of universality in morality, but also to our assessment of the contribution of individual authors and entire eras to the progress of human civilisation. This concerns above all the moral theory of contractarianism and the Enlightenment. Focus on their ideas goes a long way to determining the direction ...

This article assesses the role of Immanuel Kant’s ideas in the historical philosophy of Gustav Shpet (1879—1937). This theme has been largely ignored by Shpet scholars who have concentrated on comparing his logical-methodological theories with the ideas of representatives ...

... philosophers have said, or what did they say, about human life itself and its value to merit reproduction? Herein it is useful to look to Kant, who wrote much on whether, by reproducing, humans do wrong or right morally. Two main arguments are put forward and assessed: one examining whether perfect or imperfect duties condone reproduction, the other whether Kant’s teleological or, in the opposite sense, his eschatological outlooks can salvage reproduction. These two arguments are essential for building the ...

To reconstruct a critique of the ontological proof of the existence of God in Schelling’s philosophy I examine his interpretation of the ontological argument by Anselm of Canterbury and Descartes as well as Schelling’s assessment of the critique of the Kantian ontological proof of the existence of God. I propose a reconstruction of Schelling’s account of undoubted being which cannot be deduced from the concept of the totality of all that is possible and therefore ...

... teaching was waning. When they turned to his ideas during that period Belarusian authors described and analysed them primarily in textbooks or when examining, or rather criticising, the views of Western philosophers, thereby rigidly adhering to Lenin’s assessments. During and after World War II the number of studies was also very insignificant. It was not until the beginning of Perestroika that an urgent need was felt for a new reading of Western philosophy, and interest in Kant’s heritage in the ...

... 102(2), pp. 209-241. Sticker, M., 2021a. Rationalizing (Vernünfteln). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sticker, M., 2021b. Kant, Moral Overdemandingness and Self-Scrutiny. NOUS, 25(2), pp. 293-316. Timmermann, J., 2005. Good but Not Required? — Assessing the Demands of Kantian Ethics. Journal of Moral Philosophy, 2(1), pp. 9-27. Timmermann, J., 2006. Kantian Duties to the Self, Explained and Defended. Philosophy, 81(3), pp. 505-530. Timmermann, J., 2018. Autonomy, Progress and Virtue: Why Kant ...

... przedstawienie rozważań o ogniu, przeł. A. Pacholik-Żuromska. In: I. Kant, 2010. Dzieła zebrine. T. 1. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, pp. 326-344. Kant, I., 2012a. Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces and Assessment of the Demonstrations that Leibniz and Other Scholars of Mechanics Have Made Use of in this Controversial Subject, Together with Some Prefatory Considerations Pertaining to the Force of Bodies in General. In: I. Kant. Natural Science, edited ...

... his later metaphysics. Fichte maintains that in the “second type” of worldview man himself feels and understands, respects and loves himself only as a subject of unconditional law, therefore the pathos and “affection of law” pervades all his assessments and motivations. This affects the impartiality of moral assessment if the requirements of the law are diverged from. The “man of law”, the Stoic and Kantian who is not conscious of direct violations of the law, can at most not despise ...

... well-being of the state. I offer an alternative interpretation of Garve’s position because I believe that the value of political stability plays an important role in it. Such an interpretation makes it possible to treat Garve’s narrative as it was assessed by Kant, i.e. as a concession to the common principles of political practice as a result of a failure to find the guiding theory. My study has established that the role of Garve’s work in the writing of Kant’s treatise Toward Perpetual Peace ...

..., was marred by racism. Some German publicists, impressed by the campaign, initiated an analogous search for racists among the national thinkers and politicians of the past. Suddenly Kant emerged as a ‘scapegoat’. This statement is an attempt to assess such reactions from the perspective of Russia’s experience.

... the possibility of creative activities within a concrete culture and what permits him to determine the vectors of self-actualisation? In seeking an answer to this question Hessen resorts to the dialectical method as a universal formal instrument for assessing the development of culture. What enables Hessen to overcome in theory the fragmentation of culture into a multitude of variations of actualisation of free will is the interpretation of the common will as a continuously renewed result of interaction ...

This paper shows that E. T. A. Hoffmann assessed the post-Napoleon politics of Prussia in the Christmas tale “Meister Floh” from a Kantian perspective. The cardinal problem of the tale — shown in the “Hallegorisch und Jena-logisch” manner, as Hoffmann himself defined his style — ...

... is stressed that the absolute priority of the first principles of justice over the second one, which was declared by Rawls, is debatable. Disparate variations of the relative priority rule seem more convincing. The author gives a generally positive assessment of the improved formulation of the first principle of justice and emphasises that the principles of justice must take into account moral principles. Moreover, rights and freedoms should include those relating to personal and family lifestyle,...

... 1759 lecture advertisement leaflet entitled An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism. The study describes the requirements of the 1755 Berlin Academy of Sciences’ competition for a comparison of G. W. Leibniz’s and A. Pope’s systems and an assessment of optimism. Another focus is the philological difficulties of translating Pope’s proposition “Whatever is, is right” into the French language — which was part of the competition task. The author considers the ways the proposition was ...

... constructs’ application in social and moral sciences opened up opportunities for social philosophy to go beyond the borders of speculative metaphysics and develop as a ‘practical’ science serving both the individual and the community. This paper also assesses Condorcet’s ideas in the history of probability calculus as a method to describe historical chronology. The nature of Condorcet’s thoughts on the wide interdisciplinary opportunities of mathematics makes it possible to compare his ideas with ...

... law and state.This article shows that, according to Novgorodtsev, the moral critique of law rests on under-standing that law is created with the participation of human will, i. e. moral judgement is possible only regarding a human action. Law can be assessed from the perspectives of purposiveness and morals. It is stressed that the Russian philosopher of law interpreted law not only as a product of human will but also as a phenomenon of the moral world. Natural law suggests a belief that law is not ...

... logical syntax and semantics in Aristotelian syllogistics and his reductive approach to the patterns of inferences (i. e. the syllogistic moods in the three figures) shifts focus from the schematic to dynamic model of formality. Secondly, the author assesses the logical hylomorphism of Alexander of Aphrodisias, who connected it with metaphysical form vs. matter dichotomy. Thirdly, it is argued that Kant’s transcendental logic is a logic in the formal sense. Whereas general logic is concerned merely ...

This article offers a comparison of certain fundamental ethical ideas of Eastern philosophical traditions with Kant's categorical imperative aiming to corroborate the thesis about the moral unity of humanity and give a moral assessment of the state of Russian society. 1. Вивекананда С. Карма-йога. Пг., 1916. 2. Дао дэ цзин / пер. Ян Хин-шуна. СПб., 2011. 3. Кант И. Основы метафизики нравственности ...

... the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University are presented. The instrument used for this research was the “Psychological Atmosphere in the Group Scale” (F. Fiedler’s scale adapted by Yu. L. Khanin) with the inclusion of open-ended questions to assess participants’ attitudes toward inclusion in the university. The study aimed to understand how students evaluate the positive and negative effects of joint learning with students with psychophysical development peculiarities. Based on the results,...

... method is a comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative data on the development of education in Singapore, the information from the official educational Internet resources of Singapore, the International Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), papers and discussions of the international seminar “Pedagogical Education 21st century: new challenges and solutions” (Belarus, Minsk, 2021). The interdisciplinary method of PEST-analysis was used as an additional method. A ...

... a way that it reflects the features of linguistic phenomena caused by this particular activity; 4) empirical material should be analyzed in such a way that identifies a regular (i. e. not random) influence on it from regular activities and personal assessment.

... aspect reveals that the role of lingua franca traditionally belongs to the English language in its simplified globalized version. In order to render general information about an artist or a work of art, the translation must meet the criteria of quality assessment and be performed by professionals, not by machine translation systems. The author provides practical recommendations for adapting museum texts.

... low level of life satisfaction, low mental activation and emotional tone, high level of stress. A higher level of anxiety and more pronounced depressive tendencies were found in respondents living in a nursing home. The significance of differences was assessed using the Mann — Whitney U-test. The empirical results of the study led to the conclusion about the relevance of the development of preventive and corrective psychological measures in order to maintain the psychological health of the elderly....

... values of life, which are not in love for a man and not in wealth, but in following a sense of duty to parents and natural inclinations. Thus, the duality in the moralistic novel The Cursed Place reveals the true nature of the characters. It is the moral assessment of the characters that the narrator and the author focus on.

... to maintain unreasonably deep emotional relationships. Respondents with high codependency do not seek to start new relationships, expecting initiative from the others, while they themselves avoid open contact. The significance of the connection was assessed with Spearman’s rank correlation.

An overview of the distinctive features of teacher training in Finland, which has had high international student assessment scores for more than 20 years, is presented. The authors adapted the interdisciplinary method of PEST analysis to identify the political, economic, and social aspects of teacher training that enable students of Finnish schools to get high scores ...

... education taking into account the special education policy framework and the specificity of the Kaliningrad Region”. The effectiveness of the professional retraining program “Oligophreno­pedagogics” is revealed through the results of the final assessment and the feed­back from students. It verifies the actual significance and the great de­mand for the professional retraining program “Oligophrenopedagogics” in the Kalininпrad Region. 1. Алехина С. В., Денисова О. А....

Federal standards, developed for students with special educational needs, have secured a differentiated approach as one of the most important postulates. In practice, when assessing the educational results of students with disabili­ties, teachers are faced with many problematic situations. Adaptation of such programs involves certain alignment, and a special evaluation system, which considers the specifics of the mental ...

... identified and qualitatively analyzed certain types of psychological assistance: psychological information, individual consultations and online group train­ings, feedback is provided in the accounts of both groups. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences in the indicators of these groups. The quality and scale of psychological care provided by professional psychologists and parapsychologists differed significantly. The research considered strengths and weaknesses of the implemented ...

... results of personal self-determination. If teenag­ers reject the modern self-image in virtual spaces, they form a positive value of the Self, but the self-image is childish. If teenagers advocate a modern self-image, then there is a “split” in the assessment of the self-image: the real Self is radically different from the ideal Self. Escapism can be dangerous for teen­agers if the searching for the value of the Self in virtual spaces is not support­ed by subjective resources. 1. Балыков ...

... characteristic as evaluative. Authors believe that the modern art-media discourse is aimed at broadcasting the evaluation of art­works and at including the addressee in the multistage evaluation process and imposing its results. The inception stage of assessment acquaints the audience with the work, forms a basic evaluation, and highlights the original character­istics. Then, contextual updating is carried out additionally expanding the original value judgment by authoritative opinions, to introduce ...

... author’s judgement and facilitating the expression of the author’s pragmatic attitudes in a literary text. The study investigates the potential and functioning of parenthesis structures as syntactic markers of irony in Niko­lai Gogol's works. The assessment categories used to express the pragmatic at­titudes of the author are identified. 1. Арнольд И. В. Стилистика. Современный английский язык. М., 2002. 2. Брандес М. Стилистика ...

... to testing, working with digital anatomical maps, and a possible improvement of the training process by using interactive 3D anatomical atlases and distance learning elements in studying clinical anatomy cases. The findings suggest that traditional assessment methods neither improve academic performance nor contribute to «knowledge longevity». Using digital anatomical maps, however, is positively associated with better knowledge of the discipline. Teamwork on clinical anatomy cases while employing ...

... neol­ogisms are created as a result of a deviation from the traditional derivational models. There are also polycode neologisms. Generally speaking, neologisms are used as a means of increasing the expressiveness of media texts and a means of expressing assessment. 1. Русский язык конца XX столетия (1985—1995). М., 1996. 2. Диброва Е. И., Касаткин Л. Л., Николина Н. А., Щеболева И. И. Современный рус­ский язык....

... the attitude of the subject of speech to the speech situation, to characterize the degree of his con­fidence in the transmitted information. Most often, such sentences are used by the subject of speech to generalize and at the same time emotionally assess the speech situation. The pattern of the sentences expressing different human states is expanded by introducing subjective modifiers into it. The sentences expressing different situational states must include adverbial modifiers. 1. Арутюнова ...

... образовательные стандарты // Интернет-журнал «Эйдос». URL: http://eidos.ru/journal/2002/0423.htm (дата обращения: 15.07.2018). 12. Aiken L. Attitudes and Related Psychosocial Constructs: Theories, Assessment, and Research. L., 2002. 13. Allport G. W. Attitudes. Reprinted in: Readings in attitude theory and measurement / ed. by M. Fishbein. N. Y., 1967. 14. EU Mediation Section // Mediate.com (Directive 2008/52/EC). URL: https://www.mediate.com/EU ...

... novel Angels & Insects by the contemporary British writer A. S. Byatt. Retreat from the traditional characterization in the creation of an artistic image and the aesthetic accentuation of its importance are manifested in the rejection of the unambiguous assessment of moral and ethical evaluation and emphatic characterological art image. The tale “Things Are Not What They Seem” brings together an ensemble of inserted structures, changing the prism of the axiological system, the plot and the meaning ...

... intercultural training. 1983. Vol. 1. P. 118—154. 12. Hart R. P., & Burks D. M. Rhetorical sensitivity and social interaction. Speech Monographs. 1972. 39. P. 75—91. 13. Hart R. P., Carlson R. E., Eadie W. F. Attitudes toward communication and the assessment of rhetorical sensitivity. Communication Monographs, 1980. 47. P. 1—22. 14. Olson C. & Kroeger K. Global competency and intercultural sensitivity // Journal of Studies in international education. 2001. 5 (2). P. 116—137. 15. Pochebut L....

The problem of education quality is of particular importance in modern conditions; it must be assessed based not only on the mastery of educational programs, but also on the successful implementation of and demand for the professional knowledge obtained. The region’s geopolitical position makes it necessary to provide university graduates with ...

... psy-chomotor indicators that can be used as benchmark characteristics in selecting and diagnosing players. For the first time, the psychophysiological features of the competitive potential of beach volleyball players with different sport quali-fication is assessed; differences and similarities in the psychomotor character-istics and social status of athletes are identified. 1. Костюков В. В., Чесноков Ю. Б., Тимохин А. В. Пляжный волейбол : методическое ...

... Bennett (Eds.). Handbook of intercultural training. Third Edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2004. 6. Byram M. Foreign language teaching and intercultural citizenship // Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research. 2013. 1(3). P. 53—62. 7. Byram M. Assessing intercultural competence in language teaching. 2000. URL: http://inet.dpb.dpu.dk/infodok/sprogforum/Espr18/byram.html (дата обращения: 29.05.2014). 8. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages Learning, Teaching, Assessment....

... practice of training pathologists. The experience of Blagoveshchensk Pedagogical University in the implementation of in-service training programmes for teachers, health care professionals and heads of medical-pedagogical commissions is analysed. The author assesses the efficiency of professional training provided by networks of education, health, and social care institutions. Networking and information technologies helped to create tailor-made education programmes of primary and secondary education for ...