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... types and the (sub)types of intersubjectivity were found only for pointing gestures for agreement vs. disagreement, and for binary mirror gestures for merging viewpoints vs. opposing viewpoints. Namely, pointing gestures are significantly more often associated with agreement, while binary gestures are more commonly linked to the opposition of viewpoints. The approach enables the identification of gestures with regular positioning functions in dialogue (i. e., recurrent gestures). From a cognitive ...

Any city holds hidden meanings associated with its history, intentional or unintentional plans of builders, representations of power and practices of residents, revealing archaic or pseudo-archaic elements in the city structure. The article focuses on Yerevan as a space of multiple ...

... space of a glorious past’ and ‘the space of an inglorious present’. Correspondingly, the motif of unrealized potential is a defining feature of the city’s image. The moment of the city’s foundation — its space of historical memory — is associated with motifs of grandeur, scale, and ambition, and linked to figures of the imperial personosphere, including Empress Catherine II, her favourite Grigory Potemkin, and Emperor Joseph II of Austria. By contrast, representations of con­tem­porary ...

... Within the course, the universal competencies fixed in the FSES are purposefully formed, but with an emphasis on the students’ future professional activities. The course was developed by the working group “University-Industry Interaction” of the Association of Translation Teachers and implemented as part of the eponymous discipline at Herzen State Pedagogical University in the 2022/23, 2023/24, and 2024/25 academic years. translation training, universal competences, basics of professional ...

The article explores the symbolism of the forest in N. Hawthorne’s “The Scarlet Letter.” This study aims not only to interpret the meanings associated with this topos but also to illus­trate its role in developing three internal plots within the novel. A brief overview of the for­est’s reception as a symbolic space in European culture reveals four primary interpretations: the forest as ...

... decisions of the Kaliningrad Regional Executive Committee, the article examines the history and development of the man­agement of Soviet light industry enterprises in the Kaliningrad Region. The purpose of the study is to trace and assess the changes associated with the subordination of light industry enterprises in the Kaliningrad Region in the 1940s—1970s. Taking into account nationwide trends and reforms, the trajectory of light industry in the region is considered, from the for­mation of the ...

... content, the methods of its distribution, age and gender char­acteristics of consumption, as well as respondents’ attitudes toward this phenomenon. In ad­dition, other general scientific and specific scientific methods are employed. The main risks associated with the spread of pornography in social networks and messengers are identified, and measures for their minimization are proposed. The author suggests special criminological measures to combat pornographic content in social networks and messengers,...

... evaluate positively. At the same time, regarding Joseph Stalin and Vladimir Lenin as historical figures, a conflict potential is revealed in the historical memory of Russian society concerning their activities and era. Immanuel Kant is most frequently associated with the regional past, while figures from national history whose names are reflected in local toponymy or connected to the formation of the region are much less so. A distinctive feature of the regional variant of cultural memory is the lower ...

... is interpreted as a transition from 'vision' to 'speculation': an imaginary tour of Königsberg leads the poet from the sensory (visual and aural) perception of the city to the understanding of its non-material, spiritual and noumenal essence. Buida associates the space of Königsberg and Kaliningrad with the idea of myth construction. Shifting from the real Kaliningrad to the imaginary Königsberg, the author fills in the semiotic incompleteness of the city as a sign. Based on the comparison of ...

... accomplishment of a broader range of socially significant goals, first and foremost, the formation of a positive image of the city. The success of communication does not only depend on the fact of the purchasing of the tour but on the social context associated with the subsequent actions of the addressee. The interaction of the sender of the message and its addressee may entail a serious discrepancy between the image of the city represented in the names of tours and the image formed after visiting ...

... Lotman’s concept of semiosphere by supplementing it with the idea of semio-poiesis. Analysis of the processes of origination, evo­lution and functioning of the genetic code makes it possible to describe the main mechanisms of these processes. The associations of material phenomena (in this case nucleotides and amino acids) led to the establishment of semiotic links, resulting in mechanisms of information stor­age and transmission, allowing the creation of stable life forms. The increasing complexity ...

... holder and the object of their de re attitude to an individual concept by which the attitude holder identifies the object. This existential quantifi­cation has a wider scope than the universal quantification over possible worlds that is general­ly associated with the semantics of attitude dicta. We explore examples of disjunctive de re attitudes and show that these dicta have truth conditions that cannot be grasped by the stand­ard analysis. To account for them, we propose a revision of the theory ...

... the study of the cultural code of the city, it is proposed to consider the following factors encoding of urban environ­ment: a) nature and climate, b) texts, where the city is conceptualized and presented in litera­ry context, c) historical events associated with the city, d) spatial characteristics, e) symbolic relationship with famous individuals (“geniuses of place”). The process of coding is inf­luenced by other features of the city, which form economic, culinary, tourist, digital and ...

... external temple decoration in constructing a sacred urban topic is determined. As a result, the possibility of interpreting the temple decoration of medieval Vladimir as a visual text is substantiated, which, firstly, expresses the implied meanings associated with specific images through code and context, and, secondly, translates these meanings into the environment, forming the cultural space of the city. Avanesov, S. S., 2022. Visual axiology of the post-Kiev urban model. ΠΡΑΞΗΜΑ....

... non-poetical communication, linguistic repre­sentations of emotions and techniques for creating "referential illusions" are considered on the example of PR-discourse and advertising discourse. Attention is focused on discursive transformations associated with the formation of a mythological world in which its own spe­cial laws operate. In both discourse types, orientation towards results correlates with orienta­tion towards the message itself. Bakhtin, M. M., 1986. Estetika slovesnogo ...

... identified. The article shows that the interaction of tropes can be intertextual in a literary text. It is concluded that modern Russian prose is characterized by the interaction of metaphors and similes of different types. This interaction is often associated with the presence of contrast, contextual synonymy, the ‘genus — species’ relation between images of comparative constructions in a text. Baranov, A. N., 2003. On types of combinability of metaphoric models. Voprosy jazykoznanija [Topics ...

... contribution as an essayist to the comparative study of Dostoevsky's works (Dostoevsky — Mickiewicz and Dostoevsky — Swedenborg). The ideological basis of “Theological Treatise” is the dialectical relationship between faith and truth, which is associated with Miłosz's appeal to Dostoevsky's ‘creed’ from his famous letter to Fonvisina. Like Dostoevsky, Miłosz criticizes the natural-scientific concept of truth in its depersonalized and, therefore, dehumanized version, which seems to the ...

... Meaning of Translation. In: M. Suominen, A. Arppe, A. Airola, O. Heinämäki, M. Miestamo, U. Määttä, J. Niemi, K. K. Pitkänen, and K. Sinnemäki, eds. A Man of Measure: Festschrift in Honour of Fred Karlsson on his 60th Birthday. Turku: Linguistic Association of Finland, pp. 3—11. Caritas Internationalis, 2017. Caritas on Venezuela . Available at: http://www . caritas.org/2017/08/caritas-on-venezuela/ Cobley, P., 2016. Cultural Implications of Biosemiotics . New York: Springer. Cronin, M.,...

The author explores the perception of the characteristic traits of Russian people that was widespread among military intellectuals and their associates — publishers, authors and sub­scribers of the journal “1812” at the end of the 19th — the beginning of the 20th centuries. The same group of military historians, academics and popularizers initiated the foundation of the Museum of ...

... citizen­ship are fully applicable to the history of the interpretation of citizenship in Russia. The Unit­ed States or Great Britain have a century-long tradition of citizenship. Unlike them, Russia has gone through several stages of radical changes associated with deep political and social transformations, hence a variety of understanding of the concept analysed. A paradoxical interpretation of the concept "citizen" in Russia became evident in the 18th century. Then a citizen and a subject ...

... of threat is an instrument of influence exerted on the listener. Its effectiveness depends on the strength of the negative emotions of anxiety, fear, etc. initiated in the listener. At the same time, the production of threatening statements is often associated with the speak­er's emotional state, which in some cases can serve as a catalyst for imperative influence. The speech act of threat, being an element of conflict discourse, contradicts the traditional princi­ples of productive communication ...

... At the same time, these concepts were separated according to whether a narrative, inducement, a description, or an imperative was present in the text. Similar to the narrative, the performative is created under pressure from various external factors associated with the system of public communica­tions, to which the author is exposed, and a multitude of reasons that reflect in his or her mind external processes. All these factors and influences transmute in the course of text crea­tion; the viewer/reader ...

... pro­ta­gonist with the two key concepts of the novel — love (LEV = LoVE) and death. Similarly, this code works with the names of Lyuda (‘ludus’ as ‘game’ in Latin; Lev playing with Lyuda — ‘homo ludens’). The name Arkady is semantically associated with death in the expression ‘et in Arcadia ego’. The names of the characters in the novel are the key to the understanding of the threefold structure of the text. The short form of the name Arkady (Adya = Ad (Hell) + I) refers to Hell ...

... possible to identify the psychological function of each character as a reflection of a certain aspect of their psyche. Ovechin, whose image is dominated by the solar symbolism, appears as a projection of Ego and of momentary consciousness. Olya, who is associated with the images of the moon and air, appears as a projection of the Anima, which refers to the subconscious. The narrator and his character play the role of the conscious part of the psyche abiding behind the momen­tary consciousness. Although ...

... L., 2014. The 4 th Revolution. How the Infosphere is Reshaping Human Reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Folaron, D., 2006. A discipline coming of age in the digital age. In: K. J. Dunne, ed. Perspectives on Localization. American Translators Association Scholarly Mono­graph Series. Vol. XIII. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 195—219. Folaron, D., 2010. Web and Translation. In: Y. Gambier and L. van Doorslaer, eds. Handbook of Translation Studies. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: ...

... Linguistics and Philosophy, 4, pp. 593—605. Barsalou, L., 1982. Context-independent and context-dependent information in concepts. Memory & Cognition, 10, pp. 82—93. Benjamin, A., 2012, Translation and ambiguity: towards a reformulation. Austral­ian Association for Literary Translation Review, 5, pp. 39—46. Black, M., 1937. Vagueness: An exercise in logical analysis. Philosophy of Science, 4, pp. 427—455. Camp, E., 2006. Metaphor and That Certain ‘Je Ne Sais Quoi’. Philosophical Stu­dies,...

In this article, I discuss problems associated with the emergence and development of the concept of text, which is central to the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School (TMS). The first prob­lem is the interrelation between statics and dynamics. From the perspective of classical struc­turalism,...

Semiotic systems are closely associated with social practices, within which the former record, store, and disseminate social experience. These systems affect the human consciousness to change the semantic picture of the world, behaviour, and the way one perceives reality. Almost ...

... of the translation work­place: Potential for cognitive friction. Translation Spaces, 4 (1), pp. 98—118. ELIA, 2018. Language Industry Survey — Expectations and Concerns of the European Language Industry 2018. Brussels: European Language Industry Association, аvailable at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/2017_language_industry_survey_report_ en.pdf (аccessed 22 September 2018). Englund Dimitrova, B. and Ehrensberger-Dow, M., 2016. Cognitive space: Exploring the situational interface....

... vnenakhodimost’: How Distance Serves an Aesthetics of Arousal Differently from an Aesthetics Based on Pain. Poetics Today, 26(4), pp. 637—664. Finer, E., 2010. Turning into Sterne: Viktor Shklovsky and Literary Reception. Lon­don: Modern Humanities Research Association. Gellner, E., 1998. Language and Solitude: Wittgenstein, Malinowski and the Habsburg Dilemma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gigerenzer, G., Selten, R., 1989. Rethinking Rationality. In: G. Gigerenzer, R. Sel­ten, eds. Bounded Rationality: ...

... texts have a similar structure combining reminiscences of the main characters with interactions between the past and the present. However, the two authors approach the problem of the existence of the main characters differently. Ivanov’s character associates the topos of the city with life and hope while Wieck’s character — with death and disillusionment. Nevertheless, both texts convey the authors’ humanistic attitude to the human being and the world. 1. Berdyaev, N. A., 1995. Tsarstvo ...

... European literature at the end of the 19th century. The author examines the perception of the concept of realism at the end of the 18th century (Friedrich Schiller) and in the 1850s (Champfleury and Duranty). It is stressed that Stendhal and Balzac did not associate themselves with realism and Flaubert objected to being called a realist. The author emphasizes the diversity of schools, trends, and literary techniques in the European literature of the second part of the 19th century. 1. Bodler, Sh., 1986....

... [Accessed 01 December 2016]. 2. Alekseeva, E. A., 2001. Semanticheskie osobennosti leksiki, svyazannoi s oboznacheniem ob"ektov kul'turnoi simvoliki (na primere simvola Bog v russkoi i frantsuzskoi lingvokul'turakh) [Semantic features of vocabulary associated with the designation of objects of cultural symbolism (on the example of the symbol of God in Russian and French linguocultures)]. Cand. philol. sci. diss. thesis. Saratov. 3. Apresyan, Yu. D., 1995. Izbrannye trudy. T. 1: Leksicheskaya semantika; ...

... author shows that the idea of destruction, which the black colour of anarchy manifests, is correlated with the anthropological universals of visual experience. This idea is connected with the prototypical root of the colour black — the night, which is associated with chaos across many cultures. The protest semantics of the colour black is increasingly used in contemporary art activism. The author considers examples demonstrating that the colour black is used to criticise political representation and ...

... everyday language to identify correlattions between cognitive patterns of the image and a set of alternative etymons and cognitive patterns in Russian and other languages — Greek, Latin, English, German. Links between them form a vast conceptual space associated with image recognition. The author proposes a pattern of image recognition, which is, in its simplified form, unfolding from a quantum automaton, to its "saturation" due to the complexity of image recognition procedures. The author ...

... ‘touching points’ of S. Freud’s theory of dream in¬terpretation and modern cognitive linguistics. The authors stress the relevance of such lin¬guistic transformations as metaphor, metonymy, symbolisation, paronymy, homonymy, language game, and associative networks for Freud’s theory. Moreover, polysemy, initial context conditions, and the transfer of content from one coding into another — from the iconic image system into the symbolic conceptual one — also play an important role in dream ...

... dream interpretation used by C. G. Jung. It is shown that they differ in depth. The surface level of linguistic consciousness is the focus of paronomasic connections between words in dream descriptions. Deeper levels are targeted by semantic mechanisms: associative, metaphorical, and metonymical ones. In these conditions, of special importance is the interpretation of symbols. These mechanisms serve as the basis for C. G. Jung’s method of dream interpretation. 1. Кубрякова Е. С. Парадигмы ...

The article dwells on the long-established popular version of the "Byzantine" origin of the Russian state emblem: the image of the double-headed eagle is allegedly associated with the marriage of the Great Prince of Moscow Ivan III and Sophia Palaeologus, successor to the Roman and Byzantine Empires. N. Karamzin’s role in promoting and substantiating this version is considered, alongside discussing the longevity ...

... the Ministry of Education and Science in 2011—2012. The study used data provided by censuses, national ministries of education, and Russian research and cultural centres abroad. An important contribution was expert judgements from heads of national associations of teachers of Russian language and literature. 1. Статистический ежегодник России. 1915 г. (год двенадцатый). Пг , 1916. 2. Weber G. Top Language // Language Monthly. 1997. № 3.

... analyses attitudes relevant to dream interpretation according to Fromm. The central element is understanding the image of a dream as a symbol common to both the realm of dreams and culture in general. The key mechanism of symbol formation is cultural- associative, which is a function of human rational thinking. It is suggested that images of dreams should be interpreted from this perspective. 1. Купер Дж. Энциклопедия символов. М., 1995. 2. Д. Тресиддер. Словарь ...

Gender studies in Russian linguistics largely depend on the development of linguistics and society. Instances of sexism in the Russian language are associated with the level of grammar and observed in proverbs and gender clichés. The author examines differences in communicative styles characteristic of women and men in oral and written speech and consider cases of gender predetermination of language....

... intertextual research methodologies make it possible to identify the multitude of intersections of literary layers, evaluations, and positions and describe the dynamic process of modelling a literary meaning, which employs intertextual connections and associations both in the text and in the recipient’s perception, as well as to reveal the interconnection between the intertextual layer and the role of reader-co-creator within the genre of philosophical novel. 1. Ахматова А. Соч. : в ...

... and inspire respect for their future professions. It is stressed that introduction to the works of leading Kaliningrad authors and poets gives international students a clearer idea of Russian culture, helps them develop empathy, improve emotional and associative memory, and increase motivation for learning literary Russian. 1. Глушкин О. Б. Обретенные причалы : рассказы, эссе. Калининград, 2005. 2. Куранов Ю. Н. Тепло родного ...

... 7—18. 19. Viellard S. Paronymes, anagrammes et paragrammes dans les premiers recueils de proverbes russes // Revue des etudes slaves. 2004. Vol. 75, № 1. Р. 69—79. 20. Wolff E. Les jeux de langage dans l’Antiquité romaine // Bulletin de l’Association Guillaume Budé. 2001. Vol. 1, № 3. Р. 317—334. 21. Wunderli P. Ferdinand de Saussure und die Anagramme. Tübingen, 1972.