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... spiritual guidance offered by the elder to his followers, the letters reflect the ascetic experience of the Holy Fathers, which in turn shapes the motif structure of St. Ambrose’s messages to individual recipients. Central to this guid­ance is the principle of gradualness — “the ladder” principle — which finds direct expression in the thematic organisation of the letters. The semantic field of the correspondence is ground­ed in the idea of spiritual struggle with the passions on the path ...

The specific features of doctrinal principles of law, complicating the process of their clas­sification, are noted. Based on a positivist legal understanding, three original classifications of doctrinal principles of Russian law are proposed. The first classification is based on criteria ...

... in criminal proceedings. Ensuring the protection of individuals’ rights and legitimate interests is only possible when reasonable time limits in criminal procedure are observed. Based on the provisions related to compensation for violations of the principle of reasonable timeframes during court proceedings, a conclusion was drawn regarding the essence of these provisions, which allows for an evaluation of the criteria of reasonableness outlined by the legislator and the identification of methods ...

... text is defined. The essay highlights the special illustrative and expressive function of litotes, which serves the idea of the spatial ordering of the world, a concept that, according to Miсiński, governed both the life and philosophy of Kant. The principle of continuity plays a key role in the artistic space of the essay, bringing together distant philosophical and artistic texts. The intertextual continuum is created through dialogic connections between different eras and national-cultural traditions,...

Amber classification plays a crucial role in its study, extraction, use in jewelry and amber art, various industrial sectors, and trade. This article provides a comparative analysis of classification systems and principles that have existed historically and are currently adopted in the main amber-producing and amber-processing countries (Russia, Poland, and Ukraine). The study does not address geological and mineralogical classifications of fossil resins or their ...

... law. Thus, moral action becomes impossible for the AMA because it lacks autonomy and moral law, moral understanding and sense of duty. It is concluded that, first, AMA not only cannot be moral, but should not be that, since the inclusion of any moral principle would imply the necessity for the individual to choose it, making the choice of the principle itself immoral. Second, although AI has no will as such, which prima facie makes not only moral but also legal action impossible, it can still act ...

... first-person perspective as a reflective power of judgment, and the third-person perspective as a determinative power of judgment; doing so, I establish the connection between the qualitative interpretation of phenomenal experience and the aesthetic principle of the reflective power of judgment. I conclude that conscious experience as a subject matter of research is a hybrid object, and only the project of “nonmodern” science will make it possible to create a relevant theory of consciousness ...

... (Kantian republicanism), between the speed and stability of development (external policy, the Kantian peace project), and between the short-term and long-term perspectives (reform policy). I then touch upon the problem of the implementation of Kantian principles in politics in the light of the reception of Kant in the modern theories of social conflicts, the communication theory of J. Habermas and the justice theory of J. Rawls. The overall conclusion is that Kant’s philosophy is not a philosophy ...

... Language? Constructivist Foundations , 15 (3), pp. 282—283. Lotman, Yu. M., 1984. On semiosphere. Trudy po znakovym sistemam. 17: Struktura dialoga kak printsip raboty semioticheskogo mekhanizma [Sign Systems Studies. 17: Dia­lo­gue structure as a principle of operation of the semiotic mechanism]. Tartu, pp. 5—23 (in Russ.). Lotman, Yu. M., 2022. Lecture at Tartu State University, March 13, 1981. Slovo.ru: Baltic accent , 13 (2), pp. 10—23 (in Russ.). Morris, Ch., 1948. Signs About Signs About ...

... Religion of Revelation in Hermann Cohen’s Philosophy of Religion. Philosophy of Religion: Analytic Researches, 2(2), pp. 51-64. https://doi.org/10.21146/2587-683X-2018-2-2-51-64 . (In Rus.) Belov, V. N., 2018b. The Method of the Infinitesimal as the Principle of the Theory of Knowledge in Systematic Constructions of H. Cohen. Voprosy Filosofii, 3, pp. 68-74. (In Rus.) Belov, V. N., 2018c. The Concept of Religion in the System of Philosophy of Hermann Cohen. Judaica Petropolitana. Research on Jewish ...

... forms of literary verse, they often fall short when applied to folklore verse. A flexible approach to the study of folk poetry is essential, given the diversity of folklore forms. In addition to classical folk accentual verse, many genres adhere to the principles of syllabic-accentual versification. Methods for analysing syllabic texts from other Slavic cultures may also be relevant. Each genre must be contextualized within its historical framework; thus, folklore requires a differ­entiated analytical ...

Currently, there are several classifications of climate in geographical science, developed by different authors, both domestic and foreign. Each classification has its own principles for distinguishing climatic belts and climate types. Such principles include temperature and hu­midity characteristics, dynamics of the general circulation of the atmosphere, landscape and geo­graphic features of the land, etc. Two classifications ...

... the point of view of discourse theory and pragmatics, and from the point of view of the practice of mastering live spoken Russian by foreign speakers. Routinicon is a natural extension of the projects Russian Constructicon and Pragmaticon and borrows principles of data collection and data processing from the predecessor projects. At the same time, Routinicon collects phraseological units of a different type than these databases, and their description requires a fundamentally different annotation structure....

... Pragmatically obligatory discourse markers may occasionally appear in translation even when no direct stimulus is present in the source text. Special attention is given to the use of proper names and the act of telling jokes. The article explores the pragmatic principle governingproper names through the concept of the mental dossier, arguing that the introduction of a name should be accompanied by a description of its referent. In fictional texts, violation of this principle may produce specific artistic effects....

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) plays a significant role in shaping a new global order based on the principles of innovative development, transregionalism, integration, and international cooperation. In the context of global regionalization and intensifying international competition, the EAEU represents a unique model of economic integration that unites ...

... logiku myslennogo dialoga [Thinking as creativity: an introduction to the logic of mental dialogue]. Moscow (in Russ.). Brodsky, J. A., 2002. Sochineniya [Works]. Yekaterinburg (in Russ.). Chernigovskaya, T., Natochin, Yu., Menshutkin, V., 2000. Principles of evolution of natural and computer languages and physiological systems. In: B. Bichakjian, T. Chernigovskaya, A. Kendon and A. Moeller, eds. “Becoming Loquens” — Bochum Pub ­ lications in Evolutionary Cultural Semiotics . Vol. 1. ...

... “chuzhikh”: mif ili real'nost'? [“Own” among “stran­gers”: myth or reality?]. Moscow (in Russ.). Mukarzhovskii, J., 1996. Struktural'naya poetika [Structural poetics]. Moscow (in Russ.). Orlova, O. V., 2006. Text of fiction and advertising: principles of regulativity. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Tomsk State Peda­gogical University Bulletin], 5, pp. 129—133 (in Russ.). Pil'shchikov, I. A., 2016. Incomplete translatability as a mechanism of cognition ...

... Interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic Books. Gobo, G., 2007. Doing Ethnography. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Grenfell, M., ed., 2013. Pierre Bourdieu. Key concepts . 2nd ed. London: Routledge. Hammersley, M. and Atkinson, P., 1983. Ethnography: principles in practice. Lon­don; New York: Routledge. Hammersley, M. and Atkinson, P., 2007. Ethnography: principles in practice . 3d ed. London; New York: Routledge. Hermans, T., 1999. Translation in systems. Manchester: St Jerome. Hermans, T....

Contemporary methodological landscape in translator training (TT) is dominated by the competence-based principles whose epistemological roots are found in social constructivism asserting learners’ active participation in knowledge accrual. The paper gives a brief account of the status quo of TT and revisits the controversial issue of appropriateness ...

... the themes of life and death in Yu. N. Ivanov’s novel Dances in the Crematory, I carry out a structural-semantic analysis of the fragmentary chronotope and the ideational- thematic and plot-compositional levels of the novel. I demonstrate that the principle of fragmentarity is utilised by the author to the full extent across the novel, primarily, in its chronotope. The latter is closely connected with the fragmentary-discrete structure of human consciousness and memory, including the spiritual ...

... and literatures. Bakhtin, M. M., 1979. Estetika slovesnogo tvorchestva [Aesthetics of Verbal Art]. Moscow. 424 p. (in Russ.). Dima, A., 1977. The image of an alien in various national literatures. In: Printsipy sravnitel'nogo literaturovedeniya [Principles of comparative literature]. Moscow. pp. 148—153 (in Russ.). Zemskov, V. B., 2011. Theoretical aspects: about reception and representation of 'other' culture. In: Na perelome: Obraz Rossii proshloi i sovremennoi v kul'ture, literature Evropy ...

The article explores the main principles behind modern church paintings. The author examines the key factors affecting the structure of mural paintings and pays special attention to their semantic content. The main objective of the analysis is to identify means of expressive visualisation ...

Based on ample documentary evidence, the author identifies the theoretical and metho¬dological principles behind the development of documentary films in post-Revolutionary Russia, as well as the principles of film text and the correlation between the visual imagery and the text. The role of Dziga Vertov in this process is emphasised. The author ...

The hypothetical approach to the supersensible developed by Kant in his three Critiques, exemplified by his analysis of the aesthetic and reflective judgment in his third Critique, with their principle fortuitous purposiveness, can be considered as the basis for a new foundation of metaphysics. According to Kant’s limitation of cognition to the realm of sense intuition, theoretical knowledge of God, the subject, things-in-themselves, transcendental ...

... Elucidated by Dreams of Metaphysics. In: I. Kant, 1992. Theoretical philosophy, 1755-1770. Translated and edited by D. Walford, R. Meerbote. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 302-359. Kant, I., 1992b. Inquiry Concerning the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morality. In: I. Kant, 1992. Theoretical philosophy, 1755-1770. Translated and edited by D. Walford, R. Meerbote. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 243-286. Kant, I., 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated ...

... closer together epistemology and ontology. Russian philosophers ontologise the theory of cognition through the analysis of subjectivity, the complete elimination of psychological motives and the separation of transcendentalism from transcendentism. These principles enable Salagov to ground a three-part structure of cognition (consciousness, being, committing to consciousness) and to assert that the main task of genuine epistemology is exclusively the study of the cognitive relationship, committing to ...

... science consisting of architectonic ideas of science, sciences and parts of sciences. In the first section (I), I show what Kant means by the architectonic ideas by explaining and interrelating the concepts of (a) the faculty of reason, (b) ideas (as principles), (c) method, and (d) sciences of reason. Thereafter (II), I think through his holistic understanding of science and scientific progress and suggest differentiating between four levels of use of architectonic ideas, drawing on the metaphor ...

.... Stasliulevich. Khomyakov, A. S., 1965. On Recent Developments in Philosophy. In: J. M. Edie, ed. 1965. Russian Philosophy, Volume 1. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, pp. 220-269. (In Russ.) Kireevsky, I. V., 1972. On the Necessity and Possibility of New Principles in Philosophy. In: P. K. Christoff, ed. 1972. An Introduction to Nineteenth-Century Russian Slavophilism, Volume 2: I. V. Kireevsky. Translated by P. K. Christoff. The Hague: Mouton, pp. 346-375. Kristeller, P. O., 1961. Renaissance Thought: ...

... Anniversary of the Birth and 200th Anniversary of the Death of Immanuel Kant)]. Moscow: Institute of Philosophy RAS, pp. 53-59 [online] Available at: https://iphras.ru/page50843406.htm [Accessed 20 March 2020] (In Rus.) Kant, I., 1992. On the Form and Principles of the Sensible and Intelligible World. In: I. Kant, 1992. Theoretical Philosophy, 1755-1770. Translated and edited by D. Walford, in collaboration with R. Meerbote. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 373-416. Kant, I., 1998. Critique ...

... board member of the Kant-Gesellschaft and co-editor of the Kant-Lexikon (2015), explores a wide range of topics — from Leibniz and Wolff to Heidegger and Husserl. The leading idea of Stolzenberg’s philosophical research is the justification of the principle of modern subjectivity in Kant’s philosophy and its transformations until our days. He discusses the meaning and development of the concept of self-consciousness and the understanding of subjectivity in Kant’s ethics as well as in Fichte’s ...

... Karl Alber. Buber, M., 1923. Ich und Du. In: M. Buber, 1997. Das dialogische Prinzip. Heidelberg: Schneider, pp. 7-138. Buber, M., 1937. I and Thou. Translated by R. Gregor Smith. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. Buber, M., 2002. The History of the Dialogical Principle. In: M. Buber, 2002. Between Man and Man. Translated by R. Gregor-Smith. With an introduction by M. Friedman. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 249-264. Cassirer, E., 1922. The Form of the Concept in Mythical Thinking. In: E. Cassirer, 2013....

... without attempt to justify it by means of one’s own resources requires thinking of God as the external judge in the internal court of justice, respectively as one’s conscience. This reference to God implies that one makes oneself susceptive to the principle of the good instead of vainly trying to make it dependent on one’s own deeds and thoughts. The renunciation of the attempt to justify one’s evil disposition, i.e. the moral conversion to a good disposition, is thus enabled by the principle ...

This paper explores the new frontier within Kantian scholarship which suggests that Kant places so much special importance on the value of rational nature that the supreme principle of morality and the concept of human dignity are both grounded on it. Advocates of this reading argue that the notion of autonomy and dignity should now be considered as the central claim of Kant’s ethics, rather than the universalisation ...

The ethics of Kant and the ethics of Crusius are strikingly similar. This is manifested in a whole range of principles and concepts. Crusius’ moral teaching hinges on the rigorous moral law which has to be obeyed absolutely, and which makes it different from other prescriptions that are binding only to a relative degree. This is very close to the Kantian ...

... philosophy due to at least five reasons: (1) Cohen’s improvement of critical idealism of subject through replacing it with the idealism of ideas; (2) the exposition of thought as the ethics of law; (3) the development of the notion of anticipation as the principle of time, history, and interpretation; (4) the exposition of critical idealism as a form of idealism that is not violent, totalitarian or reductive, but rather is an idealism aimed at alterity and the other; (5) the role of history and especially ...

... this purpose, the author addresses Schopenhauer’s manuscripts (early philosophical aphorisms and comments and marginal notes on Kant’s works, etc.), as well as the first edition of Schopenhauer’s doctoral dissertation On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason (1813). The mentioned influence of Kant’s philosophy on Schopenhauer and its decisive role in the development of the latter’s philosophy can be summed up as follows. Firstly, early Schopenhauer considered Kant as his ...

The article introduces Kant’s doctrine of schematism (Critique of Pure Reason A 137-A 147; B 176-B 187). The inclusion of the chapter on schematism in the ‘Doctrine of the Principles’ rather than the ‘Doctrine of Concepts’ is taken as a clue to distinguishing the Doctrine of Schematism from the Deduction of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding. This provides clarity on the function of schematism. The author conceives ...

... Therefore, we are talking about thinking that even in small things not engaged in scientific idealism and therefore far from the critical philosophy of Cohen. In the philosophy of Spinoza saw Cohen ontological metaphysics, which is based on the erro-neous principle of identity. It cancels the possibility of the ethics as prevents the existence of nature distinguished from being of obligation, and over which dominates the necessity of natural laws. This distinction and the union of logic and ethics for ...

... poetry, whose works were opposed to tendentious art serving the socio-political agenda ofthe time. However, the objective logic of nature of art made A. A. Fet’s poetry complimentary to revolutionary-democratic poetry. A. Fet was guided by Kant’s principle of aesthetics stating that the function of art is constituting the world of values. It does not and cannot replace either science, which is meant to cognise the world, or morality, which is meant to organise the world of the social. The principle ...

... methodological tradition through reorienting theory of science towards the search for rational bases of scientific experience and emphasising the fundamental role of mathematical knowledge. J. Jungius’s epistemological doctrine contains the following principles adopted by Kant: sensible experience and reason are necessary components of cognition, the initial object of cognition is the phenomena of sensible experience, sensible intuitions are a necessary but insufficient basis for the validity of our ...

... to neither understand Kant’s “idealism”, nor explain the connection between this idealism and legal practice. The article presents two strategies corresponding to the spirit of Kant’s constitutional state in the modern Russian conditions: the principle of developing a moral (rather than competent) personality and the principle of population preservation. A necessary condition for the effectiveness of constitutional provisions is an increase in the moral and cultural level, which can be facilitated ...

... well demand those very actions which the categorical imperative as we know it from the “Groundwork” seems to forbid. It is proposed to see this paradox as another antinomy of practical reason. The hypothesis is offered that the separation of the principles of virtue directed to an individual will and right covering the public sphere can be considered as an attempt to solve this very antinomy. 1. Беккер Г. Человеческое поведение: экономический подход....

... theoretical sources, the method of continuous sampling, linguistic analysis of contextual blocks of the story, and establishes the spheres of human activity that represent the rejection of the values of a hostile ideology: appearance, leisure, work, moral principles, upbringing and re-education of the younger generation in the right ideological way. A connection is established between the external and internal manifestations of ideological attitudes, which is especially pronounced in the professional sphere....

... of reengineering in an educational institution are analyzed. The heavy workload we face proves the necessity for automatization of the process of development educational and methodological documentation. The “horseshoe” model which describes main principles of development of educational and methodological documentation is used. The authors also formulate the principles of automatization of development educational and methodological documentation.

The article presents an analysis of the features of teacher training in Singapore, a country that has high international acclaim for the achievements of schoolchildren. The goals of pedagogical education focus on social values and ethical principles, while technologies and methods are aimed at pedagogical reflection and practical preparation of students for various educational situations. A separate aspect of the digitalization of teacher education is highlighted, i. e., the format and ...

... is defined through the categories of "space", "subjectness", "learner’s identity", "information system", "interaction", "professional learning ability". The author discusses the specific principles of implementing digital learning environments in a new educational architecture. These principles determine the transition to microformats, to interaction and free choice of educational formats, taking into account personalized learning trajectories,...

The article considers the Heideggerian principle of autonomy as a philosophical principle of self-dependence of Being, and its actualization in Murdoch’s works. The motif of autonomous reason as a «barrier»against the light of Being, the motif of mechanization of thought and feeling in ...