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....). Orlitsky, Yu. B., 2023. Nomenclature of types of Russian verse as a scientific and practical problem. In: M. L. Kovshova, ed. Yazyk — tekst — smysl. Pamyati Maksima Il'icha Shapira: sbornik statei [Language — text — meaning. In memory of Maxim Ilyich Shapira: collection of articles]. Moscow, pp. 39—54 (in Russ.). Polivanov, E., 1963. General phonetic principle of any poetic technique. Voprosy Jazykoznanija [Topics in the study of language], 1, pp. 96—112 (in Russ.). Prokopovich, F....

... 1938. Foundations of the theory of signs. In: O. Neurath et al., eds. International encyclopedia of unified science. 1 (2). Chicago, pp. 1—59. Nesher, D., 1983. Pragmatic theory of meaning: A note on Peirce's “last” formu-lation of the pragmatic maxim and its Interpretation. Semiotica, 44 (3-4), pp. 203—258, https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1983.44.3-4.203. Nesher, D., 1990. Understanding sign semiosis as cognition and as self-conscious process: A reconstruction of some basic conceptions in Peirce’s ...

This paper considers four problems that are most likely to affect the future development of linguistics: 1) linguistic diversity; 2) the text/system interpretation of language; 3) the role of quantitative methods; 4) the role of diachronic analysis. The author concludes that systemic, static, synchronic, qualitative linguistics is replaced by linguistics of variability, which is asystemic and oriented towards quantitative approaches, diachrony, and maximum linguistic diversity. 1. Gasparov, B...

Events are the main element in the formation and presentation of a worldview across all the research disciplines in the humanities and other sciences. Cognising and understanding reality requires the consideration and construction of data, descriptions, correlations, and narratives, to all of which concrete events are the key. In this article, we analyse the connection between an event and reality, with a special focus on social events in the context of management. Such an approach does not confine...

... human will. Kant however says, merely as a critical philosopher, that there are not enough rational grounds for thinking divine nature. Rational philosophy can think the archetype of perfection only as its pure and whole moral attitude through all the maxims and acts. Philosophy would transcend its boundaries if it claimed more and expected recognition of the prototypical theology of the ideal as the content of church faith. But it is not by chance that Kant sets forth the philosophical theory of the ...

Reconstructing the evolution of Gramsci’s judgement about the Russian Revolution implies an overall rethinking of his own relation to Marx as well as to Kant. Already in the spring of 1917, Gramsci foresaw that the February Revolution could become a proletarian revolution and that this would realise in fact Kant’s moral: only a society completely freed from oppression and exploitation would allow people to be free and autonomous. After the fall of the Winter Palace, Gramsci wrote that the revolution...

... Apressyan, are here critically examined. The book is based on the results of a large-scale study by professional ethical philosophers devoted to the question of the nature of universality in morality and the mechanisms of universalisation of individual maxims and norms from antiquity to modern ethical theories, represented above all by the analytical tradition in philosophy. Of great interest is the analysis of related phenomena in morality, which makes it possible to determine the causes and nature ...

... astronomy. Based on the constitutive principles of understanding, which are directed towards the field of possible experience and provide a connection of cognition through reasons and consequences, as well as the regulative principles of reason, which form maxims of research, astronomy is a proper and rational natural science. The analysis of the case studies of astronomy shows that Kant uses the term transcendental within the framework of the “Transcendental Logic” of the Critique of Pure Reason to ...

n this article, which completes a two-part series on the problem of optimism in Kant’s works, I explore in detail the arguments advanced by the Crusians A. F. Reinhard and D. Weymann against the actual world as the best of all possible worlds and in favour of the actual world as one of the good worlds, Kant’s counterarguments put forward in the mid-1750s drafts and in An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism (1759), and further polemical attacks on this topic against Kant by D. Weymann in his works...

A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification and the types of practical principles in his works. This has led Onora O’Neill and Lewis Beck to reinterpret Kant’s classification of practical principles in a way ...

... culture of truly moral Gesinnung, as well as the problem of the immutability of Gesinnung in the progress towards the good. The new theses that appear in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason are Gesinnung as the internal subjective principle of maxims, on virtue as evidence of the presence of Gesinnung, on act as a manifestation of Gesinnung, on the unintelligibility of Gesinnung in its noumenal, suprasensible character, on the innateness of Gesinnung in the sense that it exists not in time,...

I show that Kant’s depiction of the christic figure in Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason is not contingent but explains how this figure functions in two essential ways: as a representation of a maximum of morality that can ground our moral disposition and in so doing acts as a stan­dard for morality. More precisely, the following argument is made: 1) the sublime nature of the image of Christ — as an image of universal respect for the law — awakens the moral feeling of subjects in the...

... Вене­ция, 1805 (греч. яз.) // Московские ученые ведомости. М., 1806. № 40 (6 октября). 53. Mellmann J. W. L. Commentatio de caussis et auctoribus narrationum de mutatis formis ad illustrandum maxime et diiudicandum opus metamorphosium Ovidianum . Leip­zig, 1786. 54. Mellmann J. W. L. Lectiones latinae in usum classis syntacticae in Gymnasio Uni­versitatis caesareae mosquensis. М., 1791. 55. Mellmann J. W. L. Lectiones latinae in ...

... Anschauung”) serves in case of philosophical enthusiasm as a reason for the justification of philosophical knowledge. This determination is a threat for his project of enlightenment, because it entices the philosophizing subject to contradict the maxim of self-thinking. In order to show the link between Kant’s criticism of the concept of intellectual intuition and his claim of the enlightenment of the philosophizing subject, the article gives an analysis of Kant’s usage of the concepts ‘intellectual ...

... “Analytic of the Beautiful” contain preliminary work on the modal concepts of existence, possibility, necessity — and, of course, contingency, which is very important because it is required for the definition of the very special modal status of the “maxims of judgment”. 1. Allison, H. E. 2001, Kant´s Theory of Taste. A Reading of the “Critique of Aesthetic Judgement”, Cambridge. 2. Dumouchel, D. 1999, Kant et la genèse de la subjectivité esthétique. Esthétique et philosophie avant la ...

... object (thing-in-itself; Ding an sich) —appearance (Erscheinung) — and [mental] representation (Vorstellung)’. Kant’s transcendental philosophy is impossible without the concept (‘premise’) of appearance (a paraphrase of Friedrich Jacobi’s maxim). It is the third complete entity, which has an intermediate ontological and epistemological status. Appearance can be correlated with objective (objective-objectual ‘gegenstänslich’) representation. It would be unwise to identify appearance ...

... humanity. A synthetic union of the above gives the conceptual key to the critical philosophy of love, which was never fully articulated in Kant’s lectures or published works. Moral love and legal awareness prevent the encroachment of vital love, as the maxims of ‘barbarian taste’ are being overcome. Aesthetic love — which dwells in the element of sophisticated taste as a capacity to judge with pleasure in matters of beauty, free from any interest, and without the mediation of concepts — appears ...

This article analyses Kant’s transcendental philosophy (transcendentalism) and its central concept — the thing in itself is the kind of concept without which it is impossible to enter Kant’s philosophy (a paraphrase of Jacobi’s maxim). Methodologically, transcendentalism implies a transcendental turn from studying [empirical] objects to analysing the [transcendental] conditions of their cognition. Metaphysically, Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the crucial distinction between ...

... interpretations of these principles by Russian and international researchers. The article strives to answer the question as to what type of ‘public’ is meant by these principles, whether these principles can serve as a priori criteria for selecting maxims, how efficient these principles are as empirical criteria for establishing legitimacy, and whether they can be characterized as ‘transcendental’. Kant’s discourse on publicity — a result of strenuous efforts presented in a number of writings ...

This article considers H.-G. Gadamer’s hermeneutics in the context of Kant’s aesthetic theory laid down in the Critique of Judgement. Kant facilitated the development of aesthetics as an independent science, for the first time addressing the problem of the cognising and perceiving subject. Gadamer, a prominent 20th century philosopher, builds his aesthetic concept based on Kant’s theory. However, their theories differ in some aspects. This article is an attempt to establish the connection between...

... Kant concludes in the Introduction of Natural Law Notes that human will itself can not be in complete agreement with the moral law, because objective motive (that is the moral law alone) for this will isn’t identical with subjective ones (that are maxims of action). That is why it must be forced to follow the moral law and its commandments are for it imperatives. But in order not to distort autonomy of will, this force should come from the will itself. Such a force according to Kant is possible,...

... concubinage is formed to attain the subjective ends of a hedonistic individual and it does not contradict the ends of the human race. Therefore, such a deduction (unlike that presented in the Metaphysics of Morals) has to make a transition from strategies to maxims. In effect, the deduction rests on the question as to which form of delight should lie at the foundation of a matrimony. The ethical problem is solved beyond the realm of ethics — a morally acceptable union of the sexes can be based only on aesthetic ...

This article analyses the controversy between Sergey Trubetskoy and Boris Chicherin, which followed the publication of Trubetskoy’s monograph the Foundations of Idealism. This analysis focuses on the philosophers’ understanding of the metaphysical nature of time. The relevance of the work is that the philosophical reflections of the opponents took place against the backdrop of an impending change in science and philosophy — the transition from the classical to neo-classical paradigm. This transition...

... transcendental structure similar to the unity of transcendental apperception in order to unify all volitions of an agent and make the initial application of freedom possible. The first innovation gives rise to a number of questions as to the justification of maxims, whereas the second leads to the theory of moral self-constitution, which was not completed within Kant’s practical philosophy. Together, they create a voluntaristic image of Kant, which undermines the philosopher’s earlier comparison of freedom ...

... Психологию. Венеция, 1805 (греч. яз.) // Московские ученые ведомости. М., 1806. № 40 (6 октября). 53. Mellmann J. W. L. Commentatio de caussis et auctoribus narrationum de mutatis formis ad illustrandum maxime et diiudicandum opus metamorphosium Ovidianum. Leipzig, 1786. 54. Mellmann J. W. L. Lectiones latinae in usum classis syntacticae in Gymnasio Universitatis caesareae mosquensis. М., 1791. 55. Mellmann J. W. L. Lectiones latinae in usum classium ...

This article describes the dynamics of developing future specialist’s preparedness for improving relationships between children of pre-school age. The author presents the results of an experiment demonstrating the positive dynamics of preparedness development and its components in undergraduate and graduate students of a pedagogical university. The article describes levels of preparedness formation: minimum, stable, and maximum. The effectiveness of the author’s model is demonstrated. 1. Краковская...

... Quantification of circulating endothelial progenitor cells: a methodological comparison of six flow cytometric approaches // J. Immunol. Methods. 2008. Vol. 332, №1—2. Р. 31—40. 14. Van Craenenbroeck E. M., Vrints C. J., Haine S. E. et al. A maximal exercise bout increases the number of circulating CD34+/KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects. Relation with lipid profile // J. Appl. Physiol. 2008. Vol. 104, № 4. Р. 1006—1013. 15. Walther M., Herold D., Sinderhauf A....

In modern realities, the greatest attention is paid to fake political news in media, the purpose of which is to manipulate public opinion and eliminate a political competitor. At the moment, France is holding quite tense presidential elections, which were preceded by an election campaign using fakes. The purpose of this study is to show the strategy of candidates in the media space during the election campaign in France in April, 2022. The first part of the publication presents a conceptual analysis...

... output indicators, to performance measurement of cultural organizations. Using statistical data on Russian federal theatres, the author empirically tests their performance that relates to such aspects as organization’s reputation, artistic excellence, maximization of access to cultural assets, etc. Based on statistics of the Russian Ministry of Culture in 2012—2016, the author analyses overall trends in performance of federal theatres, as well as provides results concerning each research object. ...

... Research-informed teaching and teaching-informed research: the Contemporary Marketing Practices (CMP) living case study approach to understanding marketing practice // Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.2008. Vol. 23, № 2. P. 124—134. 12. Maxim А. Сontemporary Marketing Practices in Romania. URL: http://steconomice.uoradea.ro/anale/volume/2009/v4-management-and-marketing/142.pdf 13. Morgan R., Hant S. Relationship marketing in the era of network competition //Journal of Marketing Management....

Рассматриваются основные научные результаты, полученные заве-дующим кафедрой маркетинга Венского университета, президентом Европейской академии маркетинга, почетным доктором Удо Вагнером. Анализ маркетинговых аспектов ведения современного бизнеса, в первую очередь эмпирические маркетинговые исследования и моделирование рынка, позволил профессору Вагнеру обосновать предложения по совершенствованию существующих моделей и процедур их практического применения. Рассказывается о международной деятельности...

... anomie. The author analyses Durkheim’s approach to social pathology and the application of P. Sztompka’s concept of cultural trauma. Special attention is paid to R. Merton’s theory of anomie and strain and D. Murphy and M. Robinson’s concept of maximization. At the same time, the author takes into account the specific features of post-communist transformations, Polish and Russian experience of overcoming social unrest relating to the period of transition, and the modern contemporary problems ...

This article analyses Kaliningrad hotel market through examining the level of incoming tourism in 2000–2010. The authors calculate the critical zone of hotel room availability in Kaliningrad and the maximum number of tourists that can be accommodated in the city 1. Вавилова В.   Е. Основы международного туризма. М.,   2005. 2. Квартальнов В.   А. Туризм. М., 2002. 3. Наумов С.   А. Экономика и предпринимательство в социально-культурном сервисе и туризме. Томск, 2003. 4. Чурикова Г.   С...

Microalgae are common in soil, marine and freshwater ecological systems. They are able to accumulate valuable biologically active substances in the course of life. At present, microalgae have not been studied well enough. Thus, the purpose of this project was to study the physicochemical properties of microalgae of the Baltic Sea in the Kaliningrad region. The amount of protein was determined by the Bradford method, while lipids were assessed by the Folch method. As a result of the work, it was proved...

The research evaluates the effect of amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine) on the growth and content of biologically active substances in the culture of bearded roots of Hyssopys officinalis. The study of the effect of amino acids on the growth of raw biomass of bearded roots of H. officinalis showed that when phenylalanine and tyrosine were introduced into the nutrient medium at a concentration of 1 μM, the maximum increase in biomass was observed. The content of biologically active substances...

Currently, soybeans and soybean derivatives are widely used for food and animal feed. A significant content of carbohydrates in soy molasses makes it possible to use it as a component of a nutrient medium for cultivating microorganisms that produce feed amino acids. The aim of this work was to study the process of biosynthesis of feed amino acids on a soy molasses medium using bacterial strains of the genus Corynebacterium glutamicum. The following research methods were used: microscopy, spectrometry...

The authors study the modern composition of the macrophyte flora of the Kaliningrad Bay (The Russian part of the Vistula Lagoon), which includes 116 species: 96 species of vas­cular plants and 20 species of macroalgae. Only 39 species of macrophytes were found in 2021, i. e., 19 species of higher plants and 20 species of macroalgae. Depending on the abiotic factors in the four hydrological regions of the lagoon, the floristic diversity and distribution of macrophytes has its own characteristics....

... Biomorphological and ecotypic structures have been identified; an assessment of environmental plasticity and the prospects for their further introduction has been carried out. It is recommended to supplement the list of cultural areas for 3 new species (A. mono Maxim., A. semenovii Regel et Herd, A. ukurunduese Trautv. et Mey.). 1. Виноградова Ю. К., Майоров С. Р., Хорун Л. В. Черная книга флоры Средней России: чужеродные виды растений ...

The study focuses on chlorophyll "a"concentration variability in the South-Eastern part of the Baltic sea in summer 2018. The data of the MODIS radiometer installed on Aqua and Terra satellites were used for the analysis. The average concentration of chlorophyll "a" in the warm period of 2018 (May-August) was 3.8 mg/m3 while the average sea surface temperature was 17.7° С. The Maximum concentration of chlorophyll "a" (8.1 mg/m3) was rec­orded in May. However, the most...

The article analyses the environmental impact of agriculture on the eco­logical status of river basins in four peripheral districts of the Kaliningrad re­gion (Pravdinsky, Ozersky, Nesterovsky and Krasnoznamensky). The author studied the current condition of agriculture in the considered districts. In the study the established methodology for assessing the quality of water bodies was used to define the ecological state of watercourses in four peripheral dis­tricts considering the nutrient impact...

The article presents the results of the photosynthetic pigments content ana­lysis (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in the leaves of one of the most com­mon representatives of the urban herbaceous plants — reed fescue Festu­ca arun­dinacea Schreb., in controlled experimental conditions. The content of pigments in the leaves in one day after treatment with organic compounds sharply decreases compared to three days occurred after treatment with pen­tane, hexane, benzene, as well as mixtures of pentane...

The article reviews the influence of various factors on the accuracy and reproducibility of liver stiffness measurements using shear wave elastography (SWE), as well as on the reliability of judgments about the norm and patholo­gy. The tasks included analyzing the factors affecting the accuracy of meas­urements of liver stiffness depending on the equipment; testing various SWE techniques for their advantages and disadvantages; identifying the factors de­pending on the patient (body mass index, gender...

... distribution in the sediments during last 300 thousand years. These areas belong to the oligotrophic ecosystems of the open ocean, remote from the upwelling regions and located outside the seasonal ice cove zones. It is shown that unlike E. exigua, the maximal content of the species A. weddellensis corresponds to the intervals characterized by increased species diversity and, probably, more productive conditions. 1. Кулешова Л. А., Овсепян Е. А., Иванова Е. В. Палеоокеанологические ...

The paper presents the results of a study of metal accumulation (Cu, Zn, Mn, Sr, Ni, Ca, Fe, Br, Rb) in the leaves of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants (a total of 22 species) in the urban environment of Kaliningrad. The study area includes major geochemical landscapes – residential, industrial, and recreational districts. The background concentration of metals in plants is studied. The study establishes the presence of significant anthropogenic sources of metal pollution of vegetation in Kaliningrad...