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... principle of morality and the concept of human dignity are both grounded on it. Advocates of this reading argue that the notion of autonomy and dignity should now be considered as the central claim of Kant’s ethics, rather than the universalisation of maxims. Kant’s ethics are termed as repugnant for they place a high demand on the universalisation of maxims as a universal moral principle. As a result, they argue that there is an urgent need to rescue Kant’s ethics from the controversies surrounding ...

... other forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understandingof others. In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the requirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, although ...

... other forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understanding of others.In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the re¬quirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, ...

The study is focused on features of hydrometeorological conditions in the southeastern Baltic Sea and their trends assessment for 2005—2019 (climatic half period). The authors used the data from field observations of atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, and air temperature from the automatic hydrometeorological station located offshore, as well as the satellite data from the infrared and microwave (radar images) ranges to determine sea ice and sea surface temperature, respectively. The...

Climate warming results in an increase of air temperatures extrema. The dynamics of anomalies in air temperature absolute maxima are described through unusual biquadrate polynomials. The minimum peak was observed in 1989—1992, afterwards a steep increase followed. The authors examine the possibility of an increase in the frequency of air temperature anomalies in the form of heat waves. The patterns of dynamics of anomalies in the absolute air temperature minima is accurately formalized through linear...

The paper presents the results of a study of the acute contact toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid to honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758). The experiment assessed survival and behavioral activity of insects at 4, 24, and 48 hours after a single exposure to various concentrations of the insecticides. It was found that both compounds exhibit high insecticidal activity; however, the nature of their effects differs significantly. Thiacloprid shows an earlier onset of toxic effects and bee...

... objection that he concedes to be effective against other attempts to answer the positive duties objection; on the other horn, the procedure he recommends cannot be based on the FUL (because it does not evaluate actions on the basis of their corresponding maxims). In addition, I maintain that Duindam’s benevolence argument rests on a procedure that is, in general, intractable and, in this particular case, foredoomed (because it can be shown that there are no positive duties of the kind he tries to derive)....

Among the most peculiar traits of Kant’s critical philosophy is the contention that, while we can know our moral maxims and can thus reflect on our actions from a moral point of view, we cannot really know whether in a given situation our actions are actually motivated by those maxims. This means that, although we have a firm sense of our moral duties, we can never ...

... approach that would accommodate our moral intuitions regarding both the equal value of whole lives and the additive value of life-years. Afroogh, S., Kazemi, A. and Seyedkazemi, A., 2021. COVID-19, Scarce Resources and Priority Ethics: Why Should Maximizers Be More Conservative? Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, 18, September, 100698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100698 Alexander, S., 1962. They Decide Who Lives, Who Dies: Medical Miracle Puts Moral Burden on Small Committee. Life, ...

Kant’s deduction of the Christian doctrine of justification, respectively the doctrine of grace, leads to the question in what sense philosophy can deal with God’s grace without falsely replacing it with its own arguments. Kant’s answer (a) is that the imputation of evil without attempt to justify it by means of one’s own resources requires thinking of God as the external judge in the internal court of justice, respectively as one’s conscience. This reference to God implies that one makes oneself...

The article describes the set of maxims, revealing the attitude to life and death, typical for the Russian linguistic-cultural consciousness, on the basis of Russian proverbs and sayings. The author explains the specificity of these maxims, and provides an additional interpretation of ...

The authors try to characterize changes in viscosities of blood and throm­boresistance of vascular endothelium after stab wounds of heart. To achieve the goal, the indicators of microblood circulation were studied in 34 patients. All patients were divided into two groups: the first group of 17 people has been operated for the wounds of heart with the thoracotomy, suturing heart wounds and the pleural cavity drainage. The second group of 17 patients had stab wounds of the chest, they underwent primary...

By carrying out a quantitative evaluation of appearances of the shadow reflex, we obtained a spectral dependence of skin light sensitivity of immature specimens of Lymnaea stagnalis L. We performed experiments on juvenile specimens with a maximum shell size of 15 mm, to rule out the influence of the sexual dominant on the appearance of the reflex response. With its maximum at 490 nm, the obtained dependence apparently corresponds to the absorption spectrum of the photosensitive skin pigment. 1....

The maximum individual age of the Japanese littleneck clam is 7 years. The maximum shell length is 5.2 mm. The sex ratio is almost 1 to 1. There are registered cases of hermaphroditism and parasitic castration. The rate of linear growth has increased to three years. The molluscs reach the harvestable size in three years. 1. Волова Г.   Н., Жакина Т.   И., Микулич Л.   В. Бентос бухты Алексеева (залив Петра Великого) // Прибрежный планктон и бентос северной части Японского моря. Владивосток, 1980...

... short story “Leaf by Niggle.” The writer’s artistic philosophy is analyzed in the context of Immanuel Kant’s classical practical philosophy. The article examines the main formulations of Kant’s categorical imperative in comparison with the maxim of prudent self-love as understood by the Königsberg philosopher. It is suggested that Kant’s universal ethical imperative may be regarded as a sufficiently accurate formulation of the fundamental moral law in the fictional world of Tolkien’s ...

The river network of the Kaliningrad Region, located in a zone of excessive moisture, is predominantly composed of small watercourses, among which the Prokhladnaya River is one. The river is subject to the full range of anthropogenic impacts typical of the region, the most significant of which is agricultural activity. The river’s chemical runoff exerts a considerable influence on the ecosystem of the Kaliningrad Lagoon. Previous studies of the Prokhladnaya River have been fragmentary and sporadic...

The paper analyses a family of Russian constructions featuring paired demonstrative pronouns of remote and proximal reference, which exhibit rigid structural constraints: a fixed component order (t‑pronoun preceding s‑pronoun), obligatory rhyming of the second pronoun with the first, and a limited set of combinations involving coordinating conjunctions and prepositional‑case forms of pronouns. The meaning of these constructions cannot be reduced to the simple sum of their parts, allowing them to...

The 19th century in Europe in general, and in Prussia in particular, marked a period of the formation of a legislative framework for urban planning at both the state and local levels, as a precursor to modern spatial planning. From the initial selective regulation of urban development (fire-prevention measures, etc.), by the beginning of the 20th century a system of regulatory frameworks for managing urban development had been established. At the same time, there is no clear understanding of which...

The development of objective methods for assessing emotional perception is important for cross-cultural research and linguistic technologies. The obtained data find practical applica­tion in clinical psychology and in the study of multilingual consciousness. The aim of the study is to identify stimuli that elicit the maximum emotional load of perception in multilin­gual individuals, based on an objective analysis of their recorded neurophysiological (EEG) and autonomic (ECG and GSR) responses. The...

A current challenge in soybean cultivation is the development of biological inoculants based on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, which provide the crop with the necessary amount of nitrogen for full plant development and sufficient protein accumulation. In particular, biological inoculants containing live nitrogen-fixing microbial cells are in high demand. Nodulating bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium are considered promising candidates for such inoculants. The aim of this study was to...

... underlying the characters’ traditional cognitive architecture. The article argues that this de­struction does not result in mere negation but rather in a transformation into a new existen­tial quality. In particular, the collapse of the cognitively maximal concept of marriage is in­terpreted as a key symptom of ontological disorder: it leads, on the one hand, to an intensifica­tion of existential fear in the protagonist, and, on the other, to a growth of entropic indiffer­ence in the existence ...

... in the semantic structure of the essay is occupied by the epigraph — a poem by one of the most renowned Polish poets of the 20th century, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, dedicated to the great Königsberg native. This poetic paraphrase of Kant’s famous maxim from the conclusion of the Critique of Practical Reason associates the contemplation of the starry sky and the awareness of the moral law with the pessimistic and catastrophic tone of fear and dread. Iwaszkiewicz’s modification of Kant’s worldview ...

Drawing on comprehensive historical data about the system of music education in China in the 1920—1930s, the authors focus on the relevance of professional pedagogical values for the successful transmission of professional experience. Examining axiological dimension of the intense pedagogical activity of Boris Zakharov (1887—1943), the head of the piano de­partment at the Shanghai National Conservatory in 1929—1943, we claim that there is direct continuity between the system of professional values...

... issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the antagonistic activity of various Trichoderma strains against phytopathogens and evaluate their potential for further use as biopreparations in agriculture. An optimal nutrient medium was selected to maximize spore production in Trichoderma. The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma strains against fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Alternaria, and Mucor was assessed using the dual-culture method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed ...

The development of an antiplatelet peptide was conducted using proteomic databases and the Cybase cyclic peptide database. Toxicity prediction was carried out on the ADMETlab 3.0 platform. The framework used was the cyclic peptide PLP-5, listed under number 1375 in the Cybase database. A new peptide with the amino acid sequence QLSNGLFVDYLWW was obtained. According to the peptide bioactivity predictor, it has a bioactivity level of 0.81968 units, with a maximum of 1. The peptide does not cause acute...

The spatial and temporal distribution of suspended matter in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea was studied in the context of the transition from oxygenated to anoxic conditions. Semi-enclosed water bodies, such as the shallow Baltic Sea, play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon-containing particles, both organic and inorganic, settle within the total suspended matter, making it important to understand the patterns of its distribution. The main sources of suspended matter in the southeastern...

... section of the underwater coastal slope near Cape Taran. The high mosaic distribution of lithofacies and the varying degrees of macrophyte coverage of the seabed have been confirmed. The boulder-block pavement within the euphotic layer of the sea was maximally covered by macrophytes, with Polysiphonia nigrescens as the dominant species. The lower boundary of macrophyte distribution was recorded at a depth of 19 meters, which is significantly deeper than previously believed. Macrophytes can be recommended ...

The use of synthetic growth stimulants is a promising approach to enhancing the productivity of the fermentation process. The advantages of such compounds include minimal consumption, stability during storage, and lower cost compared to natural growth stimulants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of protatrans on cell development and intracellular protein biosynthesis in the yeast Candida ethanolica. It was established that the effects of protatrans depend on the concentrations...

... and that is the requirement to obey those who are not above us in thinking and the right to speak out in public, which ultimately means not only personal maturity, but implies also the maturity of society’s functioning in accordance with the said maxim. Agamben, G., 2015. Stasis. Civil War as a Political Paradigm (Homo sacer, II, 2). Translated by N. Heron. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Berne, E., 1964. Games People Play: The Psychology of Human Relationships. New York: Grove Press....