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The tense geopolitical situation, the development of negationist tendencies, and the emer­gence over the past decade of numerous disputes regarding reparation claims by certain coun­tries make it relevant to study, from a scholarly perspective, the legitimacy of the actions of individual states during specific historical periods. Given that the Russian Federation is the successor state to the Soviet Union, there arises a justified necessity to examine certain ac­tions of the Soviet leadership and...

The widespread use of artificial intelligence technologies, data analysis, and their positioning as the foundation for the development of the future economy significantly increases the demand for certain specialists. In this context, it is essential to focus on the methodology for teaching data analysis in universities. The aim of this article is to develop the basis of a taxonomy for creating practical data analysis tasks and to test its applicability. The author examines the main taxonomies of...

... re-conceptualized by the scholar and then need to be re-contextualized by the trans­lator. Seeking to reflect on translation as a heuristic process, this paper will focus on the reso­lution of the potential cognitive dissonance and the translator’s justification of sense-oriented strategies in dealing with such key concepts as ‘connoisseur’, ‘grace’, ‘sublime’, and ‘je ne sçai quoi’ in the translation of the seminal work on the philosophy of aesthetics Analysis of Beauty by the ...

The article analyses the emotive aspect of the production and perception of the speech act of threat and the specificity of the perception of this act by a modern native speaker of Rus­sian. The act of threat is an instrument of influence exerted on the listener. Its effectiveness depends on the strength of the negative emotions of anxiety, fear, etc. initiated in the listener. At the same time, the production of threatening statements is often associated with the speak­er's emotional state, which...

The conceptualization of the philosophy of the text requires a preliminary idea about the ways of the textual presentation of philosophy as such. At the same time, philosophical views per se are difficult to classify and systematize — at best, they are arranged by eras and cultural-ethnic factors. In this regard, it seems fruitful and justified not to build various rationalistic constructions but to take an open look at the very existence of philosophizing. From such perspectives, philosophy appears...

The article explores the main principles behind modern church paintings. The author examines the key factors affecting the structure of mural paintings and pays special attention to their semantic content. The main objective of the analysis is to identify means of expressive visualisation of the Divine Oeconomy, which is the semantic fundamental of the murals’ iconography. The author employs the methods of iconographic and iconological analysis correlating with the objectives of the study. It is...

... correct interpretation of a semiotic act. 1. Arutyunova, N. D., 1990. Discourse. In: V. N. Yartseva, ed. Lingvisticheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar' [Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary]. Moscow, p. 136—137. 2. Vdovichenko, A. V., 2016. Communicative justification of grammar. To the question of limits of grammatical description conventionality. Russkii yazyk za rubezhom [Russian language abroad], 4, p. 78—84. 3. Vdovichenko, A. V., 2016. On the non-self-identity of the linguistic sign. The causes ...

Events are the main element in the formation and presentation of a worldview across all the research disciplines in the humanities and other sciences. Cognising and understanding reality requires the consideration and construction of data, descriptions, correlations, and narratives, to all of which concrete events are the key. In this article, we analyse the connection between an event and reality, with a special focus on social events in the context of management. Such an approach does not confine...

... culture and history and provides an overview of his ideas. The author addresses the problem of the sources of cultural development, its mechanisms, and patterns. Another focus is the analysis of the problem of cognition of culture and the methodological justification of such possibility in the framework of Russian philosophy abroad. 1. Братство Святой Софии : материалы и документы. 1923—1939. М. ;Париж, 2000. 2. Степун Ф. А. Г. П. Федотов ...

Based on the work of a famous 19th century Russian author, this article focuses on the development of the theme of robbers’ life, which was introduced by Pushkin and became central to Russian Romanticism. An analysis of the poem in the axiological aspect shows that A. Veltman – as well as other Russian poets – is interested in the moral and psychological reasons behind this phenomenon rather than social ones. The plot structure and the author’s position suggest that robbery is depicted in the poem...

This article addresses the issue of the underlying cognitive unity of the symbolic forms of culture and the symbols of “prophetic” dreams. In this connection, the author justifies, in particular, the introduction of similar objects in the object area of modern cognitive linguistics, gives a definition of prophetic dreams, and identifies the position of this issue in the cultural tradition. The article identifies three basic characteristics that bring together the symbolic forms of culture and the...

... Enskat, Hg. 2000. Erfahrung und Urteilskraft. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, S. 113-148. Van den Berg, H., 2011. Kant’s Conception of Proper Science. Synthese, 183, pp. 7-26. Wartenberg, Th. E., 1979. Order through Reason. Kant’s Transcendental Justification of Science. Kant-Studien, 70, pp. 409-424. Wartenberg, Th. E., 1992. Reason and the Practice of Science. In: P. Guyer, Hg. 1992. The Cambridge Companion to Kant. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, S. 228-248. Watkins, E., 1998. The Argumentative ...

... 105-132. Overall, C., 2012. Why Have Children? The Ethical Debate. Cambridge: MIT Press. Parfit, D., 1984. Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon. Parfit, D., 2011. On What Matters, Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Puls, H., 2016. Kant’s Justification of Parental Duties. Kantian Review, 21(1), pp. 53-75. Rumbaugh, D. and Washburn, D., 2003. Intelligence of Apes and Other Rational Beings. New Haven: Yale University Press. Scheffler, S., 2011. Introduction. In: D. Parfit, 2011. On What ...

... Fear from the Overdemandingness Objection. Kantian Review, 23(3), pp. 379-397. Vogt, K., 2008. Duties to Others: Demands and Limits. In: M. Betzler, ed. 2008. Kant’s Ethics of Virtue. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 219-243. Ware, O., 2021. Kant’s Justification of Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wehofsits, A., 2016. Anthropologie und Moral. Affekte, Leidenschaften und Mitgefühl in Kants Ethik. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. Wehofsits, A., 2020. Passions: Kant’s Psychology of Self-Deception....

... über verschiedene Gegenstände aus der Physik und Philosophie. Hg. von A. Speiser. Braunschweig: Vieweg, S. XXI-XLV. Watkins, E., 1997. The Laws of Motion from Newton to Kant. Perspectives on Science, 5(3), pp. 311-348. Watkins, E., 1998, Kant’s Justification of the Laws of Mechanics. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 29(4), pp. 539-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-3681(98)00042-9 Watkins, E., 2012. The Early Kant’s (anti-) Newtonianism. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science,...

Some ideas expressed in the collective monograph Universality in Morality (2020), edited by Ruben Apressyan, are here critically examined. The book is based on the results of a large-scale study by professional ethical philosophers devoted to the question of the nature of universality in morality and the mechanisms of universalisation of individual maxims and norms from antiquity to modern ethical theories, represented above all by the analytical tradition in philosophy. Of great interest is the...

... Kant and the Exact Sciences. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Gava, G., 2014. Kant’s Definition of Science in the Architectonic of Pure Reason and the Essential Ends of Reason. In: Kant-Studien, 105(3), pp. 372-393. Habermas, J., 2003. Truth and Justification. Translated by B. Fultner. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. Kant, I., 1991. The Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by M. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 1992. The Jäsche Logic, in: Lectures on logic. Translated ...

... and Russian philosophers: in 2018, 230 years have passed since the publication of Kant’s main ethical work, the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and, in 2019, 120 years will have passed since the publication of Solovyov’s final version of The Justification of the Good (1899). Both of these works are the apexes of two different, yet closely related, traditions of moral philosophy — the German and the Russian. The conference will be devoted to the study of overlaps and influences between ...

At the beginning of the twentieth century in the Russian-speaking philosophical space philosophical projects emerged which brought ontology and gnoseology closer together. One can observe this process, for example, in the philosophical doctrines of the Russian intuitivists Nikolay Lossky and Semyon Frank. I demonstrate that the emergence of these doctrines and the development of their onto-gnoseological categorial apparatus were mainly connected with the criticism of the Neo-Kantian theory of cognition...

Carl Arnold Wilmans received his degree of doctor in philosophy in Halle in 1797 for a bold thesis. He claimed a latent similarity between Kant’s enlightened philosophy of religion and the pure mysticism of some so-called separatists — and sent his work to Kant. The fact that and how the latter re­acted to it, makes the matter all the more interesting. Could Kant have been a secret mystic? The following study attempts to give a differ­entiated presentation of Kant’s intellectual relationship with...

... Humanism in Renaissance Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 1-9. Shpet, G. G., 2006. Socialism or Humanism. Publicated by T. G. Shchedrina. Kosmopolis [Cosmopolis], 1, pp. 77—90. (In Russ.) Solovyov, V. S., 1899. Opravdanie Dobra [Justification of the Moral Good]. St. Petersburg: M. M. Stasiulevich. (In Russ.) Solovyov, V. S., 2001. Kritika otvlechennykh nachal [Critique of Abstract Principles]. In: Polnoe sobranie sochineniy i pisem: v 20 t.: Sochineniya v 15 t. [Complete Works ...

... Jürgen Stolzenberg, board member of the Kant-Gesellschaft and co-editor of the Kant-Lexikon (2015), explores a wide range of topics — from Leibniz and Wolff to Heidegger and Husserl. The leading idea of Stolzenberg’s philosophical research is the justification of the principle of modern subjectivity in Kant’s philosophy and its transformations until our days. He discusses the meaning and development of the concept of self-consciousness and the understanding of subjectivity in Kant’s ethics ...

... between transcendental deduction of concepts and deduction of the fundamental principles of pure practical reason in Kant’s metaphysics. First of all it is necessary to examine Kant’s attitude to the metaphysics of his time and the problem of its new justification. Kant in his philosophy explicated not only the theoretical world of cognition, but also the practical world of freedom. Accordingly, the fundamental means of proving metaphysics’ claims are the deduction of pure concepts of understanding ...

... their reality). Such a classification yields us three exhaustive and mutually exclusive types namely, “maxims that are not potential laws”, “maxims that are potential laws” and “laws that are not maxims”. Albrecht, M., 2009. Kant’s Justification of the Role of Maxims in Ethics. In: K. Ameriks and O. Höffe, eds. 2009. Kant’s Moral and Legal Philosophy. Translated by N. Walker. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 134-155. Allison, H. E., 1990. Kant’s Theory of Freedom....

... Debate. Cham: Springer. Reinhold, K. L., 2011. Essay on a New Theory of the Human Capacity for Representation. Translated by T. Mehigan and B. Empson. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter. Rouba, M. V., 2019. The Problem of the Transcendental Subject and Its Justification in Kant’s Critical Philosophy. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Philosophy and Psychology, 2, pp. 9-14. (In Rus.) Schopenhauer, A., 1969. Appendix: Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy. In: A. Schopenhauer, 1969. The World as ...

This article deals with Kant's justification of transcendental logic. The author shows how Kant draws the distinction between general and transcendental logic. The article analyses the essence of the new logic and its place in transcendental philosophy and considers the structural ...

The author addresses Kant’s transcendental solution to the problem of objectness. This article focuses on Kant’s concept of object and the problem of legitimacy of establishing correlation between ‘I’ and objects. The author specifies the substantive elements of this correlation through addressing the concept of experience and the objectivity of experience and comes to the conclusion that objectivity as a result of objectification and as objectivity primary to the given objectivity indicate one another...

The author analyses the Enlightenment's principle of justifying lie from altruistic motives, which was criticised by Kant in the article "On a supposed right..." The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of arguments drawn in Kant's work. The author proves and specifies the admissibility of lie due to ethical and legal principles put forward by Kant in other publications and lectures, namely: need for self-defence and internal legal duty to humanity (categorical imperative)...

This article analyses, first of all, the epistemological theory of reflection (Abbildtheorie) of Heinrich Rickert, the main representative of the Baden Neo-Kantianism School. The author analyses the key arguments put forward by Rickert against the understanding of cognition as a reflection of reality. Rickert’s standpoint is neutral. He criticises the transcendental theory of reflection, but does not reject the idea of reflection as a model of cognition and acknowledges the immanent theory of reflection...

This paper deals with the forms of satisfaction in the Critique of Judgement — disinterested affection for a beautiful form in a pure feeling, vital love for something sensorily pleasant, rational respect for unconditioned good, and non-self-regarding love for humanity. A synthetic union of the above gives the conceptual key to the critical philosophy of love, which was never fully articulated in Kant’s lectures or published works. Moral love and legal awareness prevent the encroachment of vital...

Debates over Kant’s famous postulate about the existence of synthetic a priori judgements in mathematics, formulated in the Critique of Pure Reason, have been raging for over two centuries. On the one hand, it was fiercely criticised by neo-positivists in the early 20th century. On the other hand, Kant’s ideas on constructive nature of mathematics served as a philosophical framework for LEJ Brouwer’s programme of intuitionism in the foundations of mathematics. Of interest are the ideas of the great...

... thing in itself is defined as a transcendental object and/or phenomenon. It is emphasised that, in a certain sense, the second variant of S. L. Katrechko’s interpretation antecedes Husserl’s phenomenology, which introduced a substantive a priori justification of human experience. This is a realist interpretation of Husserl’s philosophy. At its core is a fundamental principle of phenomenology — the validation of knowledge by a reflective examination of its premises and the everyday experience ...

... the enlightenment of the philosophizing subject by tracing his criticism of philosophical enthusiasm (“Schwärmerei”). For Kant intellectual intuition (“intellektuelle Anschauung”) serves in case of philosophical enthusiasm as a reason for the justification of philosophical knowledge. This determination is a threat for his project of enlightenment, because it entices the philosophizing subject to contradict the maxim of self-thinking. In order to show the link between Kant’s criticism of ...

This paper argues whether Kant’s cosmopolitanism entails a specific theory of coercion. I will especially tackle Kant’s account of international political order. First, I claim that Kant attributes a systematic role to the cosmopolitan right, what justifies considering this part of the doctrine of law as a necessary rational conclusion of the legal system, although its institutional embodiment differs from that required by the rights of states. I highlight that according to Kant states may not behave...

The article focuses on overcoming the superficial approach to Neo-Kantianism: Neo-Kantianism is widely interpreted as a one-sided understanding of Kant’s works, their corruption, and, thus, a dead-end branch of the transcendental philosophy of the great Königsberg thinker. The author also discusses some of the fundamental aspects of divergence between Hermann Cohen’s philosophical system and German Neo-Kantianism. It is argued that Cohen created an original philosophical system; therefore, it is...

... importance of ethics and logic through the metaphysics of identity of the divine substance. 1. Kogen G. 2012, Teorija opita Kanta [Theory of experience of Kant], Per. s nem. V. N. Be¬lova, Moscow. 2. Kogen G. 2008, Obosnovanie etiki Kantom [Kantian justification of ethics] / Per. s nem. V. N. Belova // Immanuil Kant i aktualnije problem sovremennoj filosofii. Sb. nauch. trudov / pod obchej red. V. N. Belova i L. I. Tetjueva. T. 2. Moscow. 3. Poma A. 2012, Kriticheskaja filosofija Germana Kogena ...

... transcendental philosophy (transcendentalism) focuses on both the human method of cognition in general [CPR, B 25] and certain types of cognition aimed at justifying their objective significance. This article aims to explicate Kant’s understanding (resp. justification) of the abstract nature of mathematical knowledge (cognition) as the “construction of concepts in intuition” (see: “to construct a concept means to exhibit a priori the intuition corresponding to it”; [CPR, A 713/В 741], which is ...

This article considers early Schopenhauer’s polemic against Kant's epistemology and views on the objectives and methods of philosophy. The crucial influence of this polemic and Kant’s works on the development of Schopenhauer’s philosophy is stressed. The author investigates Schopenhauer’s reception of the above aspects of Kant’s philosophy in 1811—1813 and its later evolution. For this purpose, the author addresses Schopenhauer’s manuscripts (early philosophical aphorisms and comments and marginal...

Kant’s treatises on political problems form a loosely structured text corpus. However, due to its passionate polemic, it can be rewritten in the form of dialogues. The most dramatic instalment is the authoritative treatise Toward Perpetual Peace, which is full of memorable phrases that used to excite the very first readers. Kant’s opponents are both concrete authors — either living or dead contemporaries (Garve, Mendesohn, Frederick the Great) — and generalised characters representing entire classes...

... pedagogiki i psihologii [Problems of pedagogy and psychology], no. 3, p. 194—199. 26. Selli, Dzh. 1901, Ocherki po psihologii detstva [Essays on psychology of childhood], transl. by A. Grombach, Moscow. 27. Soloviev, V. S. 1988, Opravdanie dobra [Justification of Good], in: Soloviev, V. S., Sochinenija v 2-h t. [Works in 2 vol.], ed. by A. F. Losev and A. V. Gulyga, vol. 1. Moscow, p. 50—580. 28. Soroka-Rosinsky, V. N. 1991, Put’ russkoj nacional’noj shkoly [The way of Russian national school] ...

... then natural right compendia, it might seem strange to us today. Kant distinguished between three branches of government. However, they were not identical in the name or function to the executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Of interest is the justification of the exclusion of certain powers from the monarch’s authority — the monarch must not dispense justice or rule in a way that is demeaning to his or her greatness. Moreover, the section covers the problem of the rights and obligations ...

This article focuses on the analysis of the problem of evil in Kant’s works. The author attempts at reconstructing the key stages of Kant’s logic of ethics and, on this basis, reconstructs his idea of evil. Of special importance is the analysis and criticism of the anthropology-focused study of the sources of good and evil in the work Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. The author sees the key to understanding Kant’s approach to the problem of evil in the differentiation of the levels...

This article examines the relation between J. Rawls’s philosophical and political conceptions and I. Kant’s ideas and the intellectual and political tradition of the Enlightenment in general. The author defends Rawls’s approach to Kant’s works interpreting it as “discipleship”, the assimilation and intrinsic reconceptualization of Kantian ideas preserving the essence of the assimilated. Rawls justifies his own re-description of Kantian philosophy by using Kant's ideas. Transforming Kant’s ideas,...

In his treatise On General Speculative Philosophy, J. N. Tetens sets out to justify the possibility and necessity of metaphysics as a general speculative science. His primary objective is to defend metaphysics against the opponents, the most serious of which, in Tetens’s opinion, is D. Hume. In this connection, Tetens sharply criticises traditional empiricism and develops a new perspective on experience and the bases of its certainty. The main target of his critique is ‘popular philosophy’, which...

Robert Nozik's political theory contains an attempt to utilize Kant's notion of individual freedom and the second formula of his categorical imperative (“the principle of humanity as an end in itself”) for the justification of his libertarian “minimal state”. This article analyses and criticizes this attempt on the following grounds: a) the anthropological models of Kant's and Nozik's theories are incommensurable; b) different notions of human nature result ...

... philosophy of religion. The author analyses the understanding of aesthetics and philosophyof arts and creative works in line with the Neo-Kantian tradition. The article focuses on the thinker’s contribution to the philosophy of the Marburg School and the justification of idealism. Philosophical aesthetics serves as a science and a link between the laws of nature and the moral world. The Neo-Kantian gives the lost connection to the sensible intuition back to aesthetics thus linking its significance to ...

... postulates a transcendental structure similar to the unity of transcendental apperception in order to unify all volitions of an agent and make the initial application of freedom possible. The first innovation gives rise to a number of questions as to the justification of maxims, whereas the second leads to the theory of moral self-constitution, which was not completed within Kant’s practical philosophy. Together, they create a voluntaristic image of Kant, which undermines the philosopher’s earlier ...

Immanuel Kant never considered the problems of medicine as a science in his works, however, his critical philosophy became highly influential in the late 18th century as to the issues of medical theory. The German physician and philosopher Johann Benjamin Erhard was first to address the theoretical status of contemporary medicine based on Kant’s critical foundations of science and arguments for the possibility of a philosophy of nature for the purpose of justifying medicine as a science. After analyzing...