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This paper is devoted to investigation of destination of religion in the process of forming of the concept of law in determined cultural circumstances. This study is actualizes the essential link between comprehension of content of domain of law and concept of subjectivity. Nikolay Alexeev overcomes concept of subjectivity represented in philosophy of early modern period of European history, (primarily in the rationalistic tradition of Rene Descartes). The crucial significant in his concept of law is got neo-kantian ...

The paper analyzes Kant’s philosophy of matrimonial law. It focuses on the idea of this law as “possession of a person as a thing and its use as a person”: Kant conceives marriage as an interpersonal relation in an external form of real possession, in the aspect of the objective and subjective goal of such relation, but primarily in the aspect of its legal and ethical possibility. Given the naturalistic interpretation ...

... and higher moral doctrine. I examine the substance of these critical arguments in the context of his later metaphysics. Fichte maintains that in the “second type” of worldview man himself feels and understands, respects and loves himself only as a subject of unconditional law, therefore the pathos and “affection of law” pervades all his assessments and motivations. This affects the impartiality of moral assessment if the requirements of the law are diverged from. The “man of law”, the Stoic and Kantian who is not ...

... the moral law, but also actually want do it? As in his published writings Kant concludes in the Introduction of Natural Law Notes that human will itself can not be in complete agreement with the moral law, because objective motive (that is the moral law alone) for this will isn’t identical with subjective ones (that are maxims of action). That is why it must be forced to follow the moral law and its commandments are for it imperatives. But in order not to distort autonomy of will, this force should come from the will itself. Such a force according to Kant is possible, if the ...

... practical philosophy. This term is usually translated as justice. However, there is another word in the German language — Gerechtihkeit — that has the meaning of justice. Moreover, such translation of Billigkeit creates a false connection with the realm of law, which Kant tried to avoid stressing the difference between Billigkeit and Gerechtigkeit. If Gerechtigkeit relates to external deeds subject to legal regulation and external enforcement, Billigkeit relates to tacit intentions and dispositions that cannot be controlled from the outside. This supports the thesis about the difference between ethics and law and the need for a more accurate ...

... Legal rules are an expression of the normal (typical) human consciousness and behavior. However, law is also a fact of social life. In effect, law is exercised through legal relations and, therefore, an important role is played by the understanding of subjective law. Legal relations are realized through personal rights and legal responsibilities; they are concrete, singular, and individual. 1. Белов В. Н. Проблема рационального и иррационального в русском неокантианстве ...

This article analyses approaches to developing the concept of the ‘subject of law’. The author considers different perspectives on identifying similarities and differences between the categories of the ‘subject of law’, ‘subject of a legal relationship’, and ‘personal with legal personality’. It is concluded that ...

This article reviews theoretical works of Russian legal scholars on pub­lic law entities and analyses several provisions of the Constitution of the Rus­sian Federation and the Charter of the Kursk region. The author reflects on the rep­resentational functions that public law entities perform in public relations. The article ...

The relationship between the individual and society is the leitmotif of Georges Gurvitch’s work. Beginning from the early Russian-language books on the philosophy of law and ending with the works on sociology published in France and the USA at the final stage of his career, Gurvitch studied the individual person and collective units as interacting sides of the collective social subject. He sought to overcome the struggle between individualism and collectivism which found its ideological expression in the ...

The review covers scholarly publications devoted to the philosophy of Hermann Cohen, the head of the Marburg School of Neo­Kantianism, written by Russ­ ... ... tradition, the concept of the philosophy of culture, the relationship between morality and law and many other issues. The review pays particular attention to the works on the... ... Progress-Traditsiya. (In Rus.) Sokuler, Z. A., 2010. Ideas for a new Concept of the Subject in Hermann Cohen’s “Religion of Reason from the Sources of Judaism”. In:...

... concept of obligation, it will be demonstrated that the natural law is grounded on the will of God. In contrast, the concept of obligation in Christian Wolff's Philosophia practica universalis has no need to found the validity of obligation of natural law in God's will. Instead he developed a concept which was based on the idea of a free self-binding moral subject. Therefore, Wolff's Philosophy has a great impact on Kant's own moral philosophy and especially on his concept of obligation. I will conclude by showing to what extent Kant was going beyond the early modern concept of the natural law tradition....

It is a matter of scholarly consensus that legal doctrine has significantly influenced the development of law — at least within the Romano-Germanic (continental) legal tradition. However, the mechanisms through which doctrine exerts ... ... Russian legal scholarship. One may also note conceptual gaps and inconsistencies in the terminology employed in studies on this subject. This article attempts to describe the functioning of doctrine in the formation of law through the concept of the “doctrinal ...

Narcotizing of the population does not only cause harm to the physical and mental health of drug ... ... which creates a direct threat to the gene pool of the nation, ensuring the rule of law, the national security of the country. Territorial differences in narcotizing are... ... current study, the author attempts to analyze the indicated issues, on the example of the subjects of the North-Western Federal District (NWFD). The study established that...

Kant’s turn to the subject has changed the epistemological conditions for theology. Four intellectual backgrounds of objections are examined: an Aristotelian and Thomistic teleological order of nature (1); Augustinianism based on original sin ... ... Immanuel Kant, Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, pp. 71-90. Gula, R., 1991. Natural Law Today. In: C. Curran and R. McCormick, eds. 1991. Natural Law and Theology. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, pp. 369-391. Habermas,...

With its exclave status, the Kaliningrad region has been drawing attention of many researchers in different fields. Yet the prospects for cooperation between the ... ... conclude that the reasons behind the delapidated cross-border relations are rather subjective and lie in the field of geopolitical orientation, information and institutional... ... podpisal zakon o dopgarantijah rezidentam OEZ v Kaliningradskoj obl. [V. Putin signed a law on dopgarantiyah SEZ residents of the Kaliningrad region], 2013, 24 July, RBK- RosBiznesKonsalting...

The author studied the development of the concept “people” in contemporary history tak­ing into account its possible ... ... "citizen" in Russia became evident in the 18th century. Then a citizen and a subject tended to be used either as synonyms or “citizens” were understood as a... ... v Rossii pervoi poloviny XVIII veka. Ocherki istorii obshchestvennogo soznaniya [“Law” and “citizen” in Russia in the first half of the 18th century. Essays on...

The universal public law is a section of Kant’s lectures on natural right, which he delivered in 1784. A traditional part of the then natural right compendia, it ... ... to his or her greatness. Moreover, the section covers the problem of the rights and obligations of the monarch and his or her subjects in religious matters. This problem was crucial to the Enlightenment. Kant’s deliberations on the issue include a long ...

The article examines the correlation between two basic concepts of the theory of law and transcendental phenomenology. Each concept has its own meaning and performs its specific function. The article aims is to identify the specifics of each concept in order to understand the existing theoretical distinctions between them. 1. Архипов ...

During the coronavirus pandemic, communities have faced shortages of important healthcare resources such as COVID-19 vaccines, medical staff, ICU beds ... ... treated impartially in the utilitarian calculus, it does not recognise their equal worth. Subjecting Kantian ethics and utilitarianism to the process of reflective equilibrium... ...., Gaare, R. D. et al., 2002. Public Health Ethics: Mapping the Terrain. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 30(2), pp. 170-178. Chu, Q., Correa R., Henry T. L. et al...

This article considers Kant’s deliberations on the essence and varieties of human love, based on the Lectures on Ethics. Kant distinguished between the love of benevolence (ethical love) — a commitment ... ... matrimony is on the surface of Kant’s deduction. The moral prohibition of instrumentalisation rules out family ethics and family law. However, the root of all evil is not solely this circumstance. A morally illegitimate union of concubinage is formed to attain the subjective ends of a hedonistic individual and it does not contradict the ends of the human race. Therefore, such a deduction ...

... the conflict between Roman naturalistic legal theory and the contractual philosophy of natural law. The author also considers the ways to overcome this antinomy, as well as ensuing solutions to the problems relating to the legal foundations and the subject of family law. 1. Кант И. Метафизика нравов // Соч. : в 6 т. М., 1965. Т. 4, ч. 2. 2. Кант И. Основоположение к метафизике нравов // Соч. : в 4 т. на нем. и рус. яз. М., 1997. ...

This article attempts to elucidate the fundamental connection between law and morals. The authors substantiate the thesis about the spiritual nature of law as a methodological principle of theoretical and practical jurisprudence. The subject content of spiritual foundations of law is demonstrated through the triunity of dignity, autonomy, and mutual respect and trust. Alongside factual and legal aspects, the article addresses the moral aspect of legal relationship. 1. Большая ...

The development of artificial intelligence and the new understanding of biomolecular processes for transmitting ... ... Charles S. Peirce. Amsterdam. Haase, F., 2022. Speaking one’s mind: the sign as subject of interpretation in the ma¬nuscripts of Charles S. Peirce, between the theories... ... 12697/SSS.2015.43.4.03. Pattee, H. H., 2012. How does a molecule become a message? In: Laws, Language and Life. Biosemiotics, 7. Dordrecht, pp. 55—67, https://doi.org/10...

... controversy between Sergey Trubetskoy and Boris Chicherin, which followed the publication of Trubetskoy’s monograph the Foundations of Idealism. This analysis focuses on the... ... to classical metaphysical traditions, Trubetskoy placed emphasis on the role of the subject, stressing that ‘there is no object (phenomenon) beyond the perceiving subject’... ... Trubetskoy argued that the purpose of metaphysics was not to search for and formulate the laws of nature but rather to uncover new levels of the understanding of the interaction...

... coding languages to describing languages that regulate them. This requires considering the agentivity (or quasi-subjectivity) of sign systems, which leads to a scenario where the sign system functions as both its subject and object, thus reviving Peirce's idea of the sign as a quasi-mind. An analysis of the primary regulatory mechanisms ... ... complemen­ta­rity. Journal of Biosemiotics , 1 (1), pp. 223—238. Pattee, H. H., 2012a. How Does a Molecule Become a Message? In: Laws, Lan­guage and Life. Biosemiotics . Vol. 7, pp. 55—67, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5161-3_3 . Pattee, H. H.,...

... examines the main problems of regulating public relations in the organization of automobile passenger transport as well as contractual obligations of parties ensuring the performance of passenger transportation services within the framework of the civil law. The organization of automobile passenger transportation is described in the subject matter of the service contract. The author concludes that there is a need for further specification of the subject of contracts on the organization of automobile passenger transport. 1. Об организации регулярных перевозок ...

In this article, I explore one of the elements of situational modality, namely, the microfield of the modality of necessity. I consider the use of lexical modifiers ... ... Testament differs from that in the Old Testament. In the Old Testament texts, necessity is perceived primarily as a legal and social law, whereas in the New Testament it is understood as a moral duty. This contributes to the Christian idea of the existence of ...

The history of the reception and interpretation of Neo-Kantian ideas in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries shows the special ... ... Culture]. Translated by S. Gessen. Saint-Petersburg: Obrazovanie. (In Rus.) Rumyantseva, T. G., 2023. I. Kant’s Philosophy as a Subject of Plekhanov’s Polemics with the Leaders of the Second International. In: G. Ch. Lyankevich and A. Ju. Dudchik, 2023....

... his favourite philosophers (Saint-Pierre and Rousseau) against the ‘government’ and ‘lawyers’. Kant’s philosophy of law, which is believed to rest on a metaphysical foundation, is constructed using a minimum of anthropological premises, which is often viewed as a virtue. However, Kant’s political teaching is closely connected with ... ... considered as another virtue. Justifying their actions with empirical observations, politicians violate legal rules. Thus, they are subject to the same propensities that they find so frightening in the population. The philosopher, although agreeing with the ...

The article focuses on the analysis of information of the Russian and Western travelers to Central Asia in the 18th — beginning of the 20th centuries on state and law of that region. The goal is a substantiation of the travelers’ notes value as historical evidence of state and law of the Central Asia which allows to study actual relations in administration and legal regulation. The author applies some basic research ...

The paper explores the perspectives of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Karl Marx regarding hu­man freedom, highlighting their relevance amidst the contradictory landscape ... ... Economics], 5 (3), pp. 32—55, https:// doi.org/10.17323/2587-8719-2021-3-32-55 (in Russ.). Nikolsky, S. A., 2023a. Ideology as a Subject and Subject of Representation in Russian Philosophizing Literature. Voprosy filosofii [Problems of Philosophy], 5, pp....

The article explores the specifics of the paremic space of the coronavirus discourse, in which new images of typical situations related to the coronavirus pandemic ... ... The coronavirus narrative affects the use of phraseological units and paroemias, which, despite their stable structure, are subject to various modifications. The aim of this research is to de­termine the ways paroemias are modified by time-reframing,...

This article considers the ideas of the Russian Neo-Kantianist Vasily Sesemann (1884—1963) in comparison with the idealism ... ... Frank S. L. 1995, Predmiet znanija. Ob osnovah i predelah otvlechennogo znanija [The subject knowledge. On the principles and the limits of abstract knowledge] // Frank... ... pod red. B. Szotek, A. J. Norasa [Philosophy and the past tense. To Professor Czes¬law Glombk at his 70. anniversary of the birth]. Katowice, 2005, p. 97—108. 41. Noras...

This article attempts to answer the question as to why one should study Cohen. The author’s first and preliminary answer is that the study of Hermann Cohen’s thought is relevant to contemporary philosophy due to at least five reasons: (1) Cohen’s improvement of critical idealism of subject through replacing it with the idealism of ideas; (2) the exposition of thought as the ethics of law; (3) the development of the notion of anticipation as the principle of time, history, and interpretation; (4) the exposition of critical idealism as a form of idealism that is not violent, totalitarian or reductive, but rather is an idealism aimed ...