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... Practical Reason these include the questions of manifestation of Gesinnung in the world, apprehended through the senses, the method of establishing and the culture of truly moral Gesinnung, as well as the problem of the immutability of Gesinnung in the ... ... W. F., 1971. Filosofskaia propedevtika [Philosophical Propaedeutics]. In: G. W. F. Hegel, 1971. Raboty raznykh let [Works of Different Years], Volume 2. Translated by B. A. Dragun. Moscow: Mysl, pp. 7-212. (In Rus.) Hegel, G. W. F., 1977. Filosofiia dukha ...

... Thus spirit and freedom find a new place separate from the sphere of physical nature; the category of adaptation explains how different ontologies can coexist; while the problem of two interpretations of transcendental idealism (two-world vs. two-aspect ... ... Contemporary Readings. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, рp. 231-247. Maddy, P., 2007. Second Philosophy: A Naturalistic Method. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oberst, M., 2015. Two Worlds and Two Aspects: on Kant’s Distinction between Things ...

... of architectonic ideas of science, sciences and parts of sciences. In the first section (I), I show what Kant means by the architectonic ideas by explaining and interrelating the concepts of (a) the faculty of reason, (b) ideas (as principles), (c) method, and (d) sciences of reason. Thereafter (II), I think through his holistic understanding of science and scientific progress and suggest differentiating between four levels of use of architectonic ideas, drawing on the metaphor of a well-structured ...

... deduction. Kant offers with the subjective deduction, as introduced in the “Preface” (of the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason) and again in the “first book” of the “Transcendental Dialectic”, a first argumentative strategy, which differs from the objective one but provides “some objective validity” (KrV, A 664 / B 692; Kant, 1998, p. 602) and therefore has systematic importance for the principles of homogeneity, specification, and continuity. My aim is to offer immanent strategies ...

... by C. A. Crusius and M. Mendelssohn. I have also included an overview of English versions of translations of Kant’s term Gesinnung (disposition, attitude, conviction, sentiment, comportment of mind, intention, Gesinnung) and their more important differences and have shown the unhistorical character of the translation arguments in modern English-speaking Kant scholarship which totally ignores pre-Kantian history and the context of Kant’s contemporaries. Proceeding from this study the next part ...

... small work went almost unnoticed, such ideas were expressed by at least two other mathematicians. In modern mathematics, particularly, Martin-Löf type theory, the existence of synthetic a priori truths, is considered justified. Although it is based on different grounds than those mentioned above, it is nevertheless compatible with Gödel’s results. Analysing proofs of existence of synthetic a priori judgements helps demonstrate that a solution to this problem is determined by the implicitly or explicitly ...

This article focuses o the functions, structure and effects of transcendental logic in the Analytic of concepts of Kant's "Critique of pure reason". The author explicates different aspects, rules, principles, the method and procedures of transcendental logic. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Взаимодействие формальной и трансцендентальной логики // Кантовский сборник. 2006. Вып. 26. С. 148—167....

... both the individual and the community. This paper also assesses Condorcet’s ideas in the history of probability calculus as a method to describe historical chronology. The nature of Condorcet’s thoughts on the wide interdisciplinary opportunities of ... ... subject, their reason and freedom, and history and social progress bear strong similarity to Kant’s views. However, the observed differences are indicative not only of Condorcet having overcome the prejudices of his time, but also of that his version of social,...

... (scientific) knowledge. Therefore, critical idealism can be defined as the idealism of ideas as opposed to the idealism of the subject. According to Cohen, thinking is shaped in the course of making judgments. Judgment determines the ratio between two different concepts; therefore, Cohen defines judgment as an act of ‘separation’ and ‘association’. This means that the judgment is an act of generation through the variable directions of separation and association. Thus, the Marburg philosopher ...

... neo-Leibnizian ideas helps to identify the similarities (criticism and the belief in ‘pure experience’ as the basis of science) and differences between the two concepts (the interpretation of ‘pure experience’ as personal and individual vs the propensity ... ... transtsendental'nogo metoda v teoreticheskoy filosofii Kanta [On the main idea, gist and the cardinal points of transcendental method in Kant’s theoretical philosophy]. In: Fokht B. A. Izbrannoe (iz filosofskogo naslediya) [Favorite (From philosophical ...

This paper considers Kant’s transcendental philosophy as a special transcendental paradigm (a special type of philosophical research) differing from both the "objective" metaphysics of Antiquity and the "subjective" metaphysics of Modernity (the metaphysics of an object (transcendent metaphysics; meta—physics) — experience (transcendental metaphysics) — the ...

... Principle. The most prominent perspectives developed within this dispute were those of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Christian Wolff, his main philosophical opponent — Christan August Crusius, and Immanuel Kant. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the differences between these perspectives and identify the philosophical problems arising from the Principle of sufficient reason in metaphysics and practical philosophy. 1. Вольф Хр. Разумные мысли о Боге, мире и душе ...

... faces a particular problem with conceptualization of body, which, while being a physical body, is closely bound up with spirit. Different ways of explaining the interaction between mind and body form a complex tradition, which has significantly influenced ... ... Vernunft-Wahrheiten, wiefern sie den zufälligen entgegen gesetzet werden. Leipzig, 1766. 6. Descartes R. Discource on the Method // Descartes : Sel ected Philosophical Writings. / Tr. by J. Cottigham, R. Stoothoff, D. Murdoch. Cambridge, 1988. 7. ...

... adults. The study relies on the research of the ideological attitudes of the GDR through the analysis of theoretical sources, the method of continuous sampling, linguistic analysis of contextual blocks of the story, and establishes the spheres of human activity ... ... manifestations of ideological attitudes, which is especially pronounced in the professional sphere. The authors show that ideological differences in their abstract form are associated with visual and auditory images (photos and media). It is determined that the ...

... research. They are the main stages or levels of education, the features of educational policy and standardization of education, the methods of teaching, the content of education, the goals and values of teacher training and the development of a teacher’s personality.... ... training a reflective responsible teacher-researcher capable of making independent educational decisions within the framework of different models and principles of teaching.

... a work that reveals the syncretism of genre structures. The research methodology includes comparative and historical-genetic methods, as well as philological interpretation. A. I. Kuprin’s “Four beggars” is defined by the author as a legend, though ... ... world, however, the components of the imperative and occasional picture of the world make it possible to present events from different narrative angles, characterizing the hero and his actions in broad value coordinates. Priority in the genre structure ...

..., feedback is provided in the accounts of both groups. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences in the indicators of these groups. The quality and scale of psychological care provided by professional psychologists and parapsychologists differed significantly. The research considered strengths and weaknesses of the implemented psychological assistance. It is noted that when organizing psychological assistance in Instagram, the follow­ing methods of psychotherapy and psychological counseling are most widely used: cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, body-oriented therapy, Gestalt ther­apy, NLP, family system therapy, art therapy, some psychologists practice certain hypnosis techniques,...

... component cердце / cœur / Herz in the Russian, French and German lan­guages. As a result, not only the similarity of semantic attraction in the idi­oms of the languages of unrelated families is revealed, but also the factors that determine the difference in the semantic charge of both nuclear and differential semes. The proposed corpus of illustrative material allows us to solve a num­ber of problems of the national-cultural field of phraseological units of the Russian, French and German languages,...

... conceptual meanings of the biblical text. The study proposes a new methodology for analysing the biblical anthroponym in a poetic text. The results obtained suggest that the realisation of the quasi-anthroponym prodigal son in Russian poetry texts of different periods is associated with either inheriting or transform­ing conceptual basic biblical meanings. If the basic frame scenario is executed with high preci­sion, i.e. using a complete set of ideationally significant slots, the biblical quasi-anthroponym ...

... Norwegian dictionary” written in 1907 by polar captain Alexander Kuchin and the “English-Russian Maritime Dictionary” of the Soviet sailor Fedor Shchepetov from Arkhangelsk. A detailed comparative analysis of these sources permits to illustrate different periods of the lexicographical activity in the Pomor North. The three dictionaries were compiled by the people who had got involved in translation and intercultural communication through their professional activities, as they needed specialized ...

... through conceptual metaphors is becoming one of the most important components of communication. The objective of this study is to describe the mental processes of the formation of conceptual metaphors based on a certain algorithm. The author analyses different approaches to the study of conceptual metaphor and offers a description of the role of the language corpus, categori­zation and conceptualization processes in the study of conceptual metaphors. The author employs the following methods and techniques: conceptual model­ing, componential analysis, quantitative analysis, and proposes an algorithm of conceptual metaphors formation based on the identification of metaphors of the Praglejaz Group. The author attempts to describe the ...

... Russian and the corresponding English pairs of adverbs. Chains of quasi-synonymous words linking the adverbs are constructed. An important feature of antonyms is the fact that negatively-oriented antonyms are marked with respect to the positive ones. The different methods for the determination of semantic metrics in the Osgood’s space are described. Usage of geodesic dis­tance between two arbitrary words enables introduction of unambiguous met­rics over the set of Russian (axes X) and English (axes Y) adverbs....

... functional styles) and quantitative (the emergence of new styles) transformations. The author explores the correlation of styles and different types of discourse as communicative speech formations. Special attention is given to the cognitive and awareness factors ... ... Лингвистика текста. Лингвистика дискурса. М. 2013. 25. Fairclough N. Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research // Methods in critical discourse analysis. Sage. L., 2001. Р. 121—138. 26. Gajda S. Tekst ...

The paper describes the results of denominal verb analysis. Corpora of media texts provide material for the analysis. The author explores patterns of novel meaning formation in denominal verbs. The proposed method is based on the notion of ‘seme-symbol’. The author reconstructions the semantic structure of motivating nouns and determines the role of different elements in the semantic structure of the verb. It is stressed that context contributes to the actualization or neutralization of particular semes, which leads to redistribution of elements in the semantic structure of the verb. The formation ...

... volleyball player and present psy-chomotor indicators that can be used as benchmark characteristics in selecting and diagnosing players. For the first time, the psychophysiological features of the competitive potential of beach volleyball players with different sport quali-fication is assessed; differences and similarities in the psychomotor character-istics and social status of athletes are identified. 1. Костюков В. В., Чесноков Ю. Б., Тимохин А. В. Пляжный волейбол ...

... academic performance, whereas family relationships largely affect a child’s psychological development. This article focuses on the impact of family relationships on the development of psychological maturity indicators. The empirical study used special methods for assessing the development of key in-dicators of a child’s psychological maturity and identifying the degree of fa-vourability /unfavourability of family environment. It is shown that children brought up in predominantly favourable environment ...

...., Tracey T. J.G., Hubert L. Methods for evaluating vocational interest structural hypotheses // Journal of Vocational Behavior. 1992. № 40. P. 239—259. 27. Rounds J. Vocational interests: Evaluating structural hypotheses // Assessing individual differences in human behavior: new concepts, methods, and findings. Palo Alto ; CA, 1995. P. 177—232. 28. Savickas M. L., Nota L., Rossier J. et al. Life designing: a paradigm for career construction in the 21st century // The Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2009. № 24.P. 23—27. 29. Stead ...

This article considers the prerequisites for the development of methodologies of teaching basic swimming skills to different student groups in the historical aspect predominantly on the basis of Russian materials. The author describes the trends in the organisation of training in the period of development of this area of swimming within the activity of progressive ...

This article deals with the issue of ensuring personal information safety of schoolchildren as well as different approaches to defining the notion of ‘information safety’. The author emphasizes the need for applying the vitagenetic educational methods in order to develop the personal information safety of schoolchildren. 1.  Белкин А.   С., Вербицкая Н.   О. «Витагенное» образование как научно-педагогическая категория ...

This article considers approaches to the analysis of material culture vocabulary used in scientific literature and overviews the dialects of the Volgograd region. The author addresses the principles and methods of analysing the folk-craft vocabulary of different secondary dialects on the basis of data obtained from filed studies in the settlements of the region. 1.  Баранникова Л.И. Русские народные говоры в советский период: К про­блеме ...

... economic activities, for example in tourism; and the economic well-being of their owners, in turn, allows them to seek funds for their restoration and reconstruction. Legal aspects have a key role to play in optimising the system of “protection-use”. Different countries have different laws governing this relationship. While both Russia and Germany are at the forefront of this issue, there are also differences, which, if identified and compared, would further optimise the legal framework. The aim is ...

... preserved until the 16th century. The study of items composition and morphology relied on the typological and comparative-historical methods that allowed to make following conclusions. Razors of type 1 and flints of types 1—4 were most frequently used in burials ... ... culture influenced on the household use of inhabitants of Alt-Wehlau and, on the other hand, such usage reflected some regional differences.

... on the dynamics of the price of gold and the degree of its relevance. To achieve this goal the author employs the observation method and systemic, comparative and retrospective analyses. The global market of gold has its permanent professional participants,... ... world leading players. This group does not significantly affect the fluctuation of the price of gold. The article explores the differences and similarities between actors of the gold market and the main players on the po­litical arena. The behaviour of ...

The author evaluates different development strategies for the Kaliningrad region proposed following the region’s active participation in the implementa­tion ... ... ac­count the current trends of strengthening regionalization in the era of globali­zation. The author employs a wide range of methods — economic-statistical, economic-cartographic and graphoanalytical analysis — and critically reviews a wide body of ...

... Kali­ningrad region). It tests to what extent the structure of the theoretically con­structed cultural types (hierarchist, egalitarian, individualist, fatalist) being reproduced within the structure of the cultural preferences of the local com­munities. Different scales are being analyzed and tested, the application of the two of them is proven to be good for measuring various parameters. An origi­nal methodology is being applied for the assessment of the cultural types con­sistency in intense communication....

... in the context of countering extremism. The article analyzes the technical and legal features of online investigation measures. The author analyzes the legislation on the investigation measures on the Internet aiming at counteracting extremist. The difference of the operational-search measures "obtaining computer information" from other operational-search measures on the Internet is justified. The research used formal-logical, logical-legal and comparative-legal methodology to study legal ...

... implementation of the existing potential of Russian-Indian scientific cooperation are the language barrier, the priority of state support for certain areas of knowledge, territorial remoteness and the related complexity in building social ties, the difference in the systems for assessing the effectiveness of scientific productivity. 1. Акарашов И. С. Международные проекты в области космоса и атомной энергетики: российско-индийское ...

The article focuses on different approaches to the definition of the legal state nature that has existed over time. The research is aimed at identifying ... ... counterbalance to the state monopoly on power and governance. The cope of research methodology is very wide, including the dialectic method of cognition, the methods of analysis and synthesis, and formally logical, historical legal and comparative legal methods....

The article analyses one of the largest synoptic publications in the field of history and theory of state and law, published in Russia. The author describes many methodology research schools of Russian jurisprudence and explores their differences and similarities with international research tradition.

The authors present an overview of the main approaches to assessing the social and economic development of Russian regions. There are different types of assessment – administrative, ranking and scientific ones. Each type of assessment has its own parameters – the subject of assessment, frequency, tools, specific methodology, and others. The authors stress the necessity of a more ...

.... Global financial crisis and subsequent sovereign debt crisis have substantially changed global financial architecture and led to a comprehensive reform of the financial branch in the EU. The author implementing systematic analysis and formal legal method as well as functional and structural analysis reviews different types of interaction between IFL and the EU legal order. Although international agreements form an integral part of the EU legal order, the rules of their interpretation differ from the primary and secondary EU legislation. The reverse influence ...

This article analyses human capital of young public and political figures in modern Russian society. Based on the methodology of resource approach and the methods of modern statistics, the author identifies three groups of young public and political figures: political leaders, political activists, and social activists, which makes it possible to demonstrate differentiation within this category. The results ...

This article develops a theory of the structure of operational and functional components of the thinking process: the problems of analysing procedural units of thinking are formulated; the content of the “method of thinking” and “technique of thinking” concepts are given a precise definition. The author analyses the content and relational characteristics of procedural units of different types. 1. Гальперин П. Я. Психология как объективная наука. М. ; Воронеж, 1998. 2. Шилков Ю. М. Гносеологические основы мыслительной деятельности....

... historian Stefan Kieniewicz by modern Polish researchers. The author analyses his role in the Polish historical science. Special attention is paid to the reasons behind Kieniewicz’s turn to Marxism after the Second World War. The author gives examples of differences in the persepctive of historiographers on the historian’s methodological views and the degree to which they were influenced by Marxism. S. Kieniewicz’s characteristic of his own theoretical views is presented. 1. Авейде О. Показания ...

... analyses possibilities for minimising energy threats to the economy of the Kaliningrad region — an isolated Russian exclave. The au-thors consider the key aspects of the region’s economic security, identify threats, and provide a critical assessment different solutions to this problems. The research is based on the data of Rosstat and international statistics (IEA), analytical materials, and publications on the problems of global and regional energy security. The articles suggests that the optimal ...

... long time. The innovative component of this work lies in the authors’ definition of media business efficiency alongside the identification of the primary goal of media company management in today’s Russia. The article offers a classification of methods of identifying different types of efficiency of media structures. 1. Бабань Ю. А. Совершенствование бизнес-процессов в современной философии управления//Финансовый бизнес. 2002. ...

This article examines the results of municipal reform, analyses the budgetary policy of the Kaliningrad region, and identifies the problems of formation of local budget revenues. The author described the methods to improve budgetary policy, which could level the differences in economic and social development of municipalities and solve the problem of stability and independence of local budgets. 1. Об областном бюджете на 2010 год и плановый 2011 и 2012 годы : закон Калининградской ...

This article considers different methodological approaches to research on anomie. The author analyses Durkheim’s approach to social pathology and the application of P. Sztompka’s concept of cultural trauma. Special attention is paid to R. Merton’s theory of anomie and ...

The article compares the approaches of Immanuel Kant and Pavel Novgorodtsev to the role and importance of humanity and human personality in historical process proposed by I. Kant and P. I. Novgorodtsev. The author analyses the similarities and differences of their positions and defines the main lines of Novgorodtsev’s development of Kant’s methodology. 1.  Кант И. Идея всеобщей истории во всемирно-гражданском плане // Соч.: в 6 т....

... and the patient. To what extent comorbid alcoholism is able to influence the features of the clinical course of COPD remains an open issue. The study aimed to reveal the impact of alcoholism on the level of COPD subjective symptoms in patients with different compliance. Materials and methods. 147 men with COPD in the age of 40―88 years were examined. The study relied on spirometry criteria, mMRC, CAT, domestic questionnaire of adherence to therapy, 6-minutes walking tests. It also established the stage of alcohol disease. The inhalation ...