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... is created by the human, therefore it is not transcendent but immanent to him/her. I also note that in characterising being Heidegger gradually moves from “time” to “work of art” in the frame of which the power of imagination does not simply reflect reality, but creates multiple diverse worlds. Banham, G., 2005. Kant’s Transcendental Imagination. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Bibler, V. S., 1991. Ot naukoucheniya k logike kul’tury [From Science to the Logic of Culture]. Moscow: ...

... Paris: H.-L. Guérin & L. Guérin, pp. 111-235. Newton, I., 1706. Optice: sive de Reflexionibus, Refractionibus, Inflexionibus & Coloribus Lucis. Latine reddidit S. Clarke. Londini: S. Smith & B. Walford. Newton, I., 1718. Opticks: or, A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. 2nd Edition, with Additions. London: W. & J. Innys. Newton, I., 1719. Optice: sive de Reflexionibus, Refractionibus, Inflexionibus & Coloribus Lucis. Latine reddidit S. Clarke. Editio Secunda,...

... Cleve J., 2010. Problems from Kant. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Vogel, J., 1993. The Problem of Self-Knowledge in Kant’s “Refutation of Idealism”. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 53, pp. 875-887. Westphal, K. R., 2003. Epistemic Reflection and Transcendental Proof. In: H.-J. Glock, ed. 2003. Strawson and Kant. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 127-140.

.... Mendelssohn, M., 1814. Phädon, oder über die Unsterblichkeit der Seele. Edited by D. Friedländer, 5th edition. Berlin: Nicolai. Munzel, G. F., 1999. Kant’s Conception of Moral Character. The Critical “Link” of Morality, Anthropology, and Reflective Judgment. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Novyy Zavet Gospoda nashego Iisusa Khrista na slavyanskom i russkom yazykakh [The New Testament of our Lord Jesus Christ in Slavic and Russian]: 1893. 4th edition. Sankt-Peterburg: Synodal’naya ...

... of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (Moscow). The discussion of Kant’s treatment of the problem of freedom was prompted by the historical and philosophical context of the perception of his ideas by German and Russian Neo-Kantians as reflected in the presentations and interventions during the course of the discussion.

..., S. Maimon, K. L. Reinhold, G. E. Schulze and A. Weishaupt. The authors of the period are grouped depending on the common themes and questions that prompted them to turn to the concept of the transcendental subject, even though the results of their reflections did not always coincide. These authors think of the transcendental subject in its relationship to the transcendental object, or as “something = х”, and in terms of the relationship of representation to the object. It is characterised ...

... search of this argument the “Transcendental Analytic” but in particular the “first book” of the “Transcendental Dialectic” turn out to be possible reference points. Although this contextualisation demands further systematic and editorial reflections, it also allows the clarification of the status of the principles and their justification in relation to a subjective deduction. Kant offers with the subjective deduction, as introduced in the “Preface” (of the first edition of the Critique ...

... G. Jr., 2000. Nonconceptual Content and the ‘Space of Reasons’. The Philosophical Review, 109(4), pp. 483-523. Hintikka, J., 1969. On Kant’s Notion of Intuition (Anschauung). In: T. Penelhum and J. J. MacIntosh, eds. 1969. The First Critique. Reflections on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. Belmont: Wadsworth, pp. 38-53. Kant, I., 1999. Correspondence. Translated and edited by A. Zweig. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I., 2000a. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by ...

... Husserl’s phenomenology, which introduced a substantive a priori justification of human experience. This is a realist interpretation of Husserl’s philosophy. At its core is a fundamental principle of phenomenology — the validation of knowledge by a reflective examination of its premises and the everyday experience through which it is obtained. It is stressed that, unlike Kant, Husserl’s phenomenology rejects the existence of unknowable things in themselves and, unlike Katrechko, it rules out the ...

... element represents a phase of Reduction- Realisation (Buchdahl) in the cognition of empirical data (Kant defines such phases as thingness, using the concept of ‘transcendental object’). The data are obtained through the transcendental analysis (reflection) of the process of cognition. The thesis (2) about the dual nature of the thing in itself suggests a solution to Kant’s problem of causality. The thing in itself serves as the referent of the phenomenon, whereas the noumenal thing-in-itself ...

... A. R. 2008, Kant on Rights and Coercion in International Law: Implications for Humanitarian Military Intervention”, in: Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik 16, pp. 57—100. 3. Bernstein, A. R. 2014, The Right of States, the Rule of Law, and Coercion: Reflections on Pauline Kleingeld’s Kant and Cosmopolitanism, in: Kantian Review 19/2, pp. 233—249. 4. Byrd, S., Hruschka, J. 2010, Kant’s Doctrine of Right. A Commentary, Cambridge. 5. Flikschuh, K. 2007, Duty, Nature, Right: Kant’s Response to ...

... and from debates over whether the actual world is the best of all possible worlds. The first of a two-part series, this article studies the historical context in which appeared Kant’s 1759 lecture advertisement leaflet entitled An Attempt at Some Reflections on Optimism. The study describes the requirements of the 1755 Berlin Academy of Sciences’ competition for a comparison of G. W. Leibniz’s and A. Pope’s systems and an assessment of optimism. Another focus is the philological difficulties ...

... when irreducible yet systematically repressed elements of human ignorance were integrated into the epistemology of 18th-century rationalism. This article discusses the development in the shift from ignorance as a given to ignorance as a systematically reflected part of the conditions of human knowledge from a historical point of view through the examples of Christian Wolff, Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, and Johann Georg Sulzer. The argument does not focus on the ‘completion’ of the rationalist ...

In the article the question is raised about the Kantianism of E. T. A. Hoffmann on the example of the story from “The night stories”, which shows that the transcendental reflection as an important gnoseological form makes the practical sense in the human life. 1. Берковский Н. Я. Э. Т. А. Гофман // Берковский Н. Я. Романтизм в Германии. СПб., 2001. 2. Гёррес ...

.... Ju. N. Soloduhinoj [The history of Russian philosophy / ed. J. N. Solodukhina]. Мoscow. 19. Aster E. von 1935, Die Philosophie der Gegenwart. Leiden. 20. Augustyn L. 2003, Myslenie z wnetrza objawienia. Studium filozofii Siemiona L. Franka [The reflection from within the revelation. The study in philosophy of Semyon L. Frank]. Cracow. 21. Botz-Bornstein Th. 2002, Vasily Sesemann: Neo-Kantianism, Formalism and the Question of Being // Slavic and East European Journal. № 3. p. 511—549. 22....

... Hessen. Selected works / eds. A. Walicki, N. Chistyakova]. Мoscow, p. 723—782. 7. Kubalica Т. 2010, Otnositelnaja istinnost’ teorii otrazenija v interpretacii Genriha Rikkerta. Pier. V. Prohorova, V. Belova [Relative validity of the theory of reflection in the interpretation of Heinrich Rickert. Trans. V. Prochorov, V. Belov] // Kantovskij sbornik [Kant’s Collection]. № 2, p. 69—79. 8. Maslin М. А. 2012, Andzej Valickij. Intellektualnyj portret polskogo istorika russkoj filosofii [Andrey ...

A reflection on the meaning of Kant’s manuscript where he uses the expression ‘metaphysics of science’. 20th century philosophy of science acknowledged empiricism and it was anti-metaphysic and positivistic. However, all forms of empiricism and positivism ...

... author stresses Kant’s moral rigour in the context of game theory, which is interpreted as an indirect warning against ‘chimeras of imagination’ capable of transporting ‘spectres’ into actual ontology. It is stated that such transportation is reflected in the characteristics of artistic imagination and its poetic keys opening the ‘doors of perception’ that are closed to the other forms of social consciousness/unconsciousness. The article analyses E. T. A. Hoffmann’s novel The Sandman,...

... norms. These forms of activity correlate with the world of possibilities, the actual world, and the world of necessity. Grammatical moods correspond to the modal worlds and the ‘faculties of the mind’. All this means that Kant’s system finds a reflection in the system of language, which is another argument in favour of the organicity of his philosophy. However, the philosophical ideas of Kant’s system can serve as basis for a theory of grammatical moods. Kant’s revolutionary idea of values,...

... Boris Chicherin, which followed the publication of Trubetskoy’s monograph the Foundations of Idealism. This analysis focuses on the philosophers’ understanding of the metaphysical nature of time. The relevance of the work is that the philosophical reflections of the opponents took place against the backdrop of an impending change in science and philosophy — the transition from the classical to neo-classical paradigm. This transition encouraged philosophers to revise the traditional approaches ...

... tradition of ontological theory of language in the context of modern hermeneutic research. 1. Weidle V. 2000, Umiranije iskusstva. Razmyishleniya o sudbe literaturnogo i hudozhestvennogo tvorchestva. Glava 4. Umiranie iskusstva [The dying of art. Reflections on the fate of literary and artistic creation. Chapter 4. The dying of art]. In: Samosoznanie kulturyi i iskusstva XX veka. Zapadnaya Evropa i SShA [Self-awareness of culture and art of the twentieth century. Western Europe and the USA]. Moscow; ...

This article presents a comparative analysis of the “critical programmes” of Joachim Jungius and I. Kant. J. Jungius’s “criticism” is characterised as methodological, whereas that of Kant as reflective. Kant’s “transcendental criticism” is based on transcendental reflection, whereas J. Jungius’s “methodological criticism” requires that critique is grounded in immediate rather than reflective knowledge. Kant is a subjectivist, ...

... fields has its own direction of development,but the common ground between them is the world of expressing the creative and free within spiritual activities. In philosophical systematics, aesthetics is a “fundamental” of the law of philosophical reflection. 1. Акиндинова Т. А. Эстетика неокантианства в Германии и России: сравнительный анализ // Кант между Западом и Востоком : в 2 ч. Калининград,...

... understanding in this context. Independentthinking as a search for the ultimate touchstone of truth within one’s reason/ understanding is supplemented with a thought about common human reason as a touchstone oftruth that is equally available to everyone. Reflecting on the ways to facilitate enlightenment and overcoming the state of immaturityleads Kant to contradictions and paradoxes. After 1970, coercion to abandon coercion by each individual was closely linked to the topic of social and political transformational ...

... Philosophy and arts served as a means in this struggle against dogmatism and feudal absolutism. In this atmosphere, a newconceptual culture emerged. This culture, warmly welcomed by the society, rested on reason, virtue, justice, and tolerance, which reflected the common attitudes of burgher Germany towards apparently natural human inclinations. It contradicted both Augustine’s teaching of human corruption and Hobbes’s misanthropic anthropology. This German sensitivity served as the basis for ...

... and the Pineal Gland // E. N. Zalta (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). URL: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2011/entries/pineal-gland/ (date of access: 21.01.2013). 29. Newton I. Opticks or a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light (based on the fourth edition London, 1730). N. Y., 1979. 30. Onomasticon philosophicum. Latinoteutonicum et teutonicolatinum / Hrsg. von K. Aso, M. Kurosaki, T. Otabe, S. Yamauchi. Tokio, 1989....

The article raises the question about the Kantianism of E. T. A. Hoffmann displayed in the story from “The night stories”, which shows that the transcendental reflection as an important gnoseological procedure has important practical sense in the human life. 1. Berkovskij N. Ja. Je. T. A. Gofman // Berkovskij N. Ja. Romantizm v Germanii. SPb., 2001. 2. Gjorres J. Aforizmy ob iskusstve… // Jestetika nemeckih ...

... 97—126. 3. Brandt R. Historisch-kritische Beobachtungen zu Kants Friedensschrift // „Zum ewigen Frieden“, Grundlagen, Aktualität und Aussichten einer Idee von Immanuel Kant / Hrsg. R. Merkel, R. Wittmann. Frankfurt, 1996. S. 31—66. 4. Burke Ed. Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. In a Letter Intended to Have Been Sent to a Gentleman in Paris. London, 1790. 5. Clausewitz C. von. Vom Kriege. Hinterlassene Werke ...

... programs is justified, with a description of its main principles. Didactic principles are identified: the principle of contextuality, the principle of speech-thinking activity, the principle of cooperation and interactivity, the principle of professional reflection, and the principle of interdisciplinarity, as fundamental for the effective implementation of this approach. A description is provided for each of the above principles as a productive measure to contribute to the resolution of specific pedagogical ...

... teacher training at Finnish universities have been identified: orientation towards alternative educational policy in contrast to unifying global education reforms; decentralization of planning, content and focus of the curricula in teacher training as a reflection of university autonomy; the significant prevalence of practical and research components over theoretical training of pre-service teachers. The main goal of teacher training is stated by universities and the professional expert community in ...

... manifested in irregular self-designation, variable directions of communication, and capability of initiation implementation options; the combination of functions, as well as lack of specific differentiation between the letter and the donoshenije (report), reflected in the available documents.

... hagiographic topoi. The role of lexical repetition in expressing the content of the text is demonstrated. The specificity of hagiographic lives is established, characterized by the use of verbal units whose meaning has evolved through semantic derivation, reflecting the metaphorical reinterpretation of a specific action in a spiritual plane.

The study of narrative within various scientific paradigms is determined by the narration interest to an event in the life of an individual and society. Epic narrative genres are characterized by a consistent presentation of the series of events. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of various narratives in a work that reveals the syncretism of genre structures. The research methodology includes comparative and historical-genetic methods, as well as philological interpretation....

The issue of reflecting the ethno-cultural interaction between the Old Believers and Mus­lims in regions with a traditional prevalence of Islamic culture in the 18th—19th centuries is considered in the works of A. S. Pushkin and L. N. Tolstoy. The conclusion is ...

... Quotations in external speech organize the dialogization of the AAIM. It dramatizes the characters’ stream of thinking. On the contrary, the subject-analytical AAIM excludes the speech identity of the characters. It conveys the general content of reflection, but it is not characteristic of Chekhov’s multi-voiced narrative. Impressionist AAIM presents inner speech in works of all Chekhov’s creative periods. Memories of characters are congested into conceptual meaning and reflect the impressions ...

... teacher training in Singapore, a country that has high international acclaim for the achievements of schoolchildren. The goals of pedagogical education focus on social values and ethical principles, while technologies and methods are aimed at pedagogical reflection and practical preparation of students for various educational situations. A separate aspect of the digitalization of teacher education is highlighted, i. e., the format and purpose of the professional portfolio of the future teacher. The main ...

... lexicon research, 1) language consciousness research must be comparative; 2) the comparison should be carried out on activities that are regular for at least one of the compared groups; 3) empirical material should be selected in such a way that it reflects the features of linguistic phenomena caused by this particular activity; 4) empirical material should be analyzed in such a way that identifies a regular (i. e. not random) influence on it from regular activities and personal assessment.

... the formation of the visual complex is traced, which combines the realistic approach to the weather phenomena of the Arctic and their literary psychologization. A close connection is revealed between the images of snow, blizzard, frost, wind and the reflection of the worldview of travelers exhausted by difficult living conditions. Analytical observations of the text of the novel also give grounds to assert that the artistic embodiment of meteorological phenomena occupies a strong textual position ...

The article is devoted to analyzing ideas about prayer reflected in Leo Tolstoy’s diaries. The research has been carried out using methods of continuous sampling of diary notes dedicated to prayer, conceptual analysis aimed at highlighting its cognitive features, as well as private techniques for analyzing ...

... article addresses the problem of creating an adapted film work based on an original literary text. The focus on the issue of adaptation of a literary text for further film production is motivated by the fact that this problem does not find sufficient reflection in modern research and linguistic-wise it does not have an integrated approach. The issue of film adaptation within the scope of linguistic analysis is regarded as not widely studied or understood, howev­er, it seems to be promising for the ...

This study endeavors to determine and describe the connection between a person’s gender and prosody of demands in spoken German. Prosody is one of the major phenomena reflecting a speaker’s intentions and the key tool used by speakers to reach their communicative goals in a conversation. This is espe­cially the case when phrases with negative meaning are concerned. The possi­ble influence of gender on prosody of ...

... studies, literary studies). It analyses different approaches to defining these terms, aiming at focusing on a cognitive definition of image. The article contains an overview of the analysis of the term in psychology: psychoanalytic approach, the theory of reflection, cognitive psychology. It describes cognitive features of image and the ways of their representation in the novel «The Mas­ter of Petersburg» by J. Coetzee. An image is viewed as an iconic sign incor­porated in the structure of a concept,...

... professional discourse in higher professional education. This dis­course is presented as an open system, the process of self-organization of which is aimed at providing life-long education and is directly related to the formation of literacy competencies reflected in Federal State Educational Standards 3++. The article describes the components of discourse in its so­cio — and pragma-linguistic aspects and the problems of academic and sci­entific communication of students including the ones which arise ...

... light”. Considering the essence of the “poet of poets” (Heidegger), the authors relate complex discourses to the hermeneutic key for understanding the mys­tery of Hölderlin. They make an attempt at interpreting one of the mysteries in his work, reflected in the novel "Hyperion". The article draws conclusions about the action of “new light” in this novel and other works of Hölderlin. The secret of Hölderlin is interpreted through the standpoint of some theories of Russian cosmism....

... with a specialized adversative meaning seulement 'only', néanmoins 'for all that', nonobstant 'despite', cependant 'meanwhile', tou­tefois 'however, nevertheless', au contraire 'on the contrary', pourtant 'howe­ver' are interdependent processes and reflect the growing tendency to­wards analyticism in the language. Two non-identical ways of using new ad­ver­sa­tive units are established, which are functional equivalents of the adver­sa­ti­ve сoordinator mais ‘but’. The author defines ...

The article examines new lexical units that have appeared in the Russian language as some reflection of COVID-19 spreading across Russia and worldwide as well fundamental changes in social, economic and political life that it has triggered. The pandemic brought about new vocabulary, a number of medical terms and disinfectant names, which have ...

... in the context of the cultural tradition of under­standing the sym­bolism of the mirror. The article aims to determine the main functions of the mirror in Gaiman's texts and describe the system of parallel images associated with the mirror and the reflection. The study concludes that the image of the mirror runs through the collection of stories, whereas its symbolism ranges from an object used in creating illusions to a magical artefact helping to see the truth. The images that accompany the mirror ...

... of another word. From the perspective of diachronic personology, the main finding is the fragmentary reconstruction of Ivanov’s worldview, using linguistic devices and text refer­ences. It is concluded that the first roots of compounds partially reflect the se­mantic structure present in the two texts. 1. Аникин Д. В. Исследование языковой личности составителя «Повести вре­менных лет» : дис. ... канд. филол. наук....

In this article, I consider how the environment affects the functioning of youth slang. I aim to explore how elements of today’s world are reflected in the vocabulary of young people. The objects of my study are units of today’s German youth slang, particularly, those identified as the most popular by surveys of the German publishing company Langenscheidt. I consider the main periods in ...