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... Critical Philosophy: Reflections on Mathematical Practice. New York, London: Routledge. Sutherland, D., 2005. The Point of Kant’s Axioms of Intuition. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 86(1), pp. 135-159. Sutherland, D. 2017. Kant’s Conception of Number. Philosophical Review, 126(2), pp. 147-190. Sutherland, D., 2020. Kant’s Philosophy of Arithmetic: An Outline of a New Approach. In: C. J. Posy and O. Rechter, ed. 2020. Kant’s Philosophy of Mathematics; Volume I: The Critical Philosophy and ...

... during that period Belarusian authors described and analysed them primarily in textbooks or when examining, or rather criticising, the views of Western philosophers, thereby rigidly adhering to Lenin’s assessments. During and after World War II the number of studies was also very insignificant. It was not until the beginning of Perestroika that an urgent need was felt for a new reading of Western philosophy, and interest in Kant’s heritage in the country increased sharply. A surge of interest ...

... The nature of Condorcet’s thoughts on the wide interdisciplinary opportunities of mathematics makes it possible to compare his ideas with those of other philosophers of the Enlightenment (Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot), as well as a number of provisions of Kant’s philosophy. Despite the fact that Condorcet was not familiar with Kant’s works, his general ideas on the autonomous subject, their reason and freedom, and history and social progress bear strong similarity to Kant’s ...

The article is dedicated to the spatial organization of the novel by M. R. James “Number 13”, published in his first book of collected stories. A shift in the poetical paradigm is noted: the transition from traditional Gothic topoi to modern urban space. According to the Gothic view on the distant past and antiquity, certain architectural ...

... explains the factional movement, multiparty system as a condition for functioning, the rigidity of politics, etc.); at the same time, the desire of the Chinese for harmony, the philosophic nature of their thinking, greater traditionalism cause a smaller number of factions in the CPC, possibly "soft" cooperation with other parties (with a small number of the latter), etc. The flexibility of Chinese thinking in a very traditional coun­try is surprising by the very fact of the "unexpected" ...

... research revealing the constitutional foundations of the representational functions of public law entities in public relations. Many legal scholars have demonstrated the fallacy of separate terms in public law and have drawn at­tention to the increasing number of arbitrary provisions in public legislation. In their works, they have noted a growing number of fictitious legal construc­tions and relations that complicate the assessment of the legitimacy of the in­dividual’s conduct. 1. Борисов ...

... spatial scientometrics. The data source is the international abstract scientific citation base Dimensions. The authors reveal an insufficient level of existing scientific cooperation between India and Russia which is expressed in a rela­tively small number of co-authored publications in 2000—2019. The most productive in terms of an increased number of collaborative articles and cita­tions are five fields of science, i. e. physics, engineering, chemistry, mathemat­ics, and medicine. Humanities ...

... countries in Northern Europe) is influenced by the processes of secularization. The aim of the study is to confirm this hypothesis using data from economic and mathematical-statistical tools. Analysis of the financial activities of the leading (in the number of objects of religious infrastructure) of adherents of the EELC and EPC MP lets us state that at the moment the Church has the ability to provide its current activities, but not its development or expansion. Moreover, these religious organizations ...

... обращения: 25.01.2016). 3. Приговор Центрального районного суда г. Калининграда по делу № 1-362/2014. URL: https://centralny--kln.sudrf.ru/modules.php?name=sud_delo&srv_num=1&name_op=doc&number=47446215&delo... / (дата обращения: 20.02.2016). 4. Приговор Центрального районного суда г. Калининграда по делу № 1-199/2015. URL: https://centralny--kln.sudrf.ru/modules.php?...

... reciprocal food import restrictions by our country, the condition of the domestic fishing industry is of particular interest. The article analyzes the quantitative parameters of the industry, identifies key leading companies, shows the dynamics of the number of enterprises in the coastal regions from 2007 to 2017, and reveals the geographical features of locating fid­hing enterprises. The authors analyse the companies’ financial indicators, as well as the change in the average annual number of employees....

... architects. The methodology designed by the authors determines the interview as a pri­mary tool for collecting research material. The online platform attracted the citizens’ attention to the issues of urban development and drew the most open answers to a number of key challenges in the development of Kaliningrad. The obtained results indicate that the popular image of the city is not fully con­sistent with its development strategy. The findings brought a number of rec­ommendations to promote the image ...

... total fertility rate of about 1.8) and a slightly negative rate of natural increase. With a net migration of up to 10,000 people per year (Russian regions account for 37 % of this figure), the population of the region is increasing and the workforce number is stable. Population change and age-sex structure forecasts strongly rely on the estimates of prospective net migration and a rate of natural increase. Accompanied by a decreasing age-specific mortality rate and growing life expectancy, the current ...

This article estimates the number of insect species on the territory of the Kaliningrad region by order. The authors estimate the number of species at 9—13,1 thousand. The article addresses the development of regional entomofauna and entomology studies. The current level of research ...

... shortage. The attempts of the republic’s leadership to solve the problems of labour shortage through organised labour migration and labour mobilisation yielded no significant results. The appeals to the Centre with the request to send a substantial number of specialists and workers to Lithuania were heard, but a state ravaged by war did not have sufficient human resources. One of the solution was the use of labour of German prisoners of war. A network of prisoner-of-war camps was established in ...

... com/a6pkb6/full (дата обращения: 16.08.2013). 5. CSBL Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia, Statistics database. URL:http://data. csb. gov. lv (дата обращения: 31.03.2014). 6. Department for Work and Pensions, National Insurance number allocations to adult overseas nationals entering the UK to December 2013. URL:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-insurance-number-allocations-to-adult-overseas-nationals-entering-the-uk-to-december-2013 (дата обращения: ...

Marine spatial planning has been widely applied in the leading maritime countries. However, it is not so common in Russia, since the relevant legal framework is largely absent. Spatial planning shares a number of features with marine planning, especially when it comes to the tools, principles, and methods. The differences mainly concern characteristics of the planning object; principles of delineating the borders of territories and water areas; and the ...

... oceanology offered at universities in St Petersburg, Klaipeda and Kaliningrad, the authors trace similarities between the existing variants of oceanologist training in the context of competence modules, disciplines, the so-called academic practices, and the number of hours and credits stipulated in the existing curricula. A formal comparison of generalised quantitative indicators without analysing the content of curriculum components demonstrated certain similarities in all indicators in terms of workload,...

... economies. In three regions, the system has already been introduced and is widely used, 21 more regions are introducing the system. Experts believe that this process will take from 3 to 5 years. The introduction and integrated use of GLONASS pose a number of organizational and economic problems for regional administrations. One of such problems is the evaluation of economic benefit from GLONASS implementation in the region. Economics has developed a large number of methodological approaches to the ...

... one-line epigram. Rhythmic and phonetic analysis brings this poem close to the experiments in ancient versification found in “Stone”. The collision of stressed syllables places these verses beyond the limits of dol’nik and taktovik. Since the number of syllables is equal in each line, it is suggested to use the term syl­la­bometric, employed by Mikhail L. Gasparov to designate the earliest stage of ancient Greek versification. For Mandelstam, ancient metrics serves as an instrument for the ...

... relations with the European Union referred to as “de facto membership.” The high relevance of this format of interaction stems from the challenges cur­rently facing the EU, in particular issues related to its international actorness, as well as a number of EU initiatives aimed at establishing more flexible forms of cooperation, including in the field of foreign policy. The concept complements existing formats of differentiated inte­gration and external differentiation in cooperation with the ...

... aimed at forming and supporting the value foundations of the family. The high public demand for family values observed in Saint Petersburg provides a favorable environment for implementing the proposed initiatives, which are expected to increase the number of stable family unions, improve parental competence, and strengthen intergenera­tional ties. family, values, traditions, politics, fertility 105-122 10.5922/vestnikhum-2026-1-8

... emerged at the turn of the nine­teenth and twentieth centuries. Its aim is to conceptualize this order as an independent model of world organization. The article demonstrates that this order was characterized by the con­centration of power in a limited number of nation-states (world powers) that exercised control over multiethnic societies and pursued policies of cultural and political unification. It estab­lishes that such a configuration contributed to the formation of an asymmetrical system of subordination ...

... and personnel orders) as well as publications in the local periodical press, allowed for a compara­tive analysis of the data and the identification of discrepancies between them. The main find­ings indicate that, despite the rapid growth in staff numbers and production volumes, the plant constantly faced a severe shortage of skilled workers, high staff turnover, and low effec­tiveness of the training system through factory schools. The labor of the German population and prisoners of war played ...

... sanitary-protection zones of two metallurgical enterprises, as well as from control sites. Beetle sampling was carried out using standard Barber soil traps. Five types of morphological anomalies in Carabidae were identified during the study. The highest number and frequency of anomalies were recorded in the industrial areas of the two metallurgical plants — 14.66 and 11.17 %, respectively. At the control sites, these values were significantly lower — 2.52 and 1.82 %. Based on the frequency of morphological ...

... one of the pressing tasks of social geography of the XX—XXI centuries. In the era of modern globalization and transformation of the world economy, strengthening of agglomeration effects and concentration of economic forces and population in a small number of centers, the problem of development, recovery and revival of depressed and peripheral territories is of particular importance. The purpose of this article is to conduct a critical analysis of the concept of “depressive territory” and concepts ...

... regions in the period between the 1959 and 2021 censuses, broken down into two time intervals — from 1959 to 1989 and from 1989 to 2021. To do this, firstly, based on the results of the censuses, the share of each region of the country in the total number of Karelians living in Russia was calculated. Secondly, the dynamics of this indicator in the inter-census periods was calculated and mapped for all regions of the country. Between the 1959 and 1989 censuses, almost all regions of Russia saw an ...

... socialists. Despite many fundamental ideological differ­ences, both groups gravitated toward collectivism, welcomed egalitarianism in social life, and demonstrated a pronounced distrust of representatives of the ruling authori­ties. It is noted that on a number of issues, anarchists’ views on Old Belief differed little from the perception of this religious movement held by thinkers of a state-protective orientation. In particular, both camps of theorists sought to identify in Old Belief a “natural” ...

... well as an analysis of narrative accounts collected on the issue under consideration. Based on the findings, the authors formulate recommendations aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the application of this preventive measure and expanding the number of cases in which it is selected. In particular, they propose increasing the amount of the fine for violation of the pre­ventive measure and clarifying the concept of a “trustworthy person” at the level of subordi­nate regulatory acts of ...

... procedures, 18 courts of conscience were closed. At the same time, the positions of judges of conscience were not al­ways abolished—in some cases, they were incorporated into local judicial chambers (as a rule, criminal chambers). Formally, the small number of cases considered by courts of conscience after the promulgation of the law of 13 November 1850 became the main reason for the aboli­tion of these judicial institutions in 18 provinces of the Russian Empire in 1852. The second wave of mass abolition ...

... issue of the development of the observer state institution within the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) has been considered. An attempt has been made to assess the possibilities for the current observer states to acquire full membership and increase the number of observer states within the EAEU. Based on the analysis of regulatory acts and the application of comparative positional analysis, it has been established that the relatively recent institution only took on a more or less complete form by 2023....

... on the popu­lation's development, the influence of oxygen saturation levels on all life stages of cod, and the negative consequences of hypoxia for the feeding of Eastern Baltic cod are noted. Among the changes in the population, a decrease in the number of eggs in spawning areas during the peak spawning period, a reduction in the average individual sizes and weights of specimens, and a shift in the spawning peak to later dates are highlighted. The conclusion is drawn about the unsatisfactory state ...

... was found that in the Kalinin­grad region, only eight Saint Petersburg companies, including federal-level organizations, have regional representations, offices, branches, own stores, or dealer centers. Excluding fed­eral-level organizations, this number is five. The financial services sector turned out to be the most represented, while the least represented were the IT industry, pharmaceuticals, food industry, and agriculture. All of this is happening against the backdrop of the expansion of the ...

... countries in terms of the volume of inbound tourist flow in this region are considered: France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Belgium. Four different indicators were used to analyze the distribution of inbound tourist flow: the total number of arrivals of foreign and domestic tourists in the region, inbound tourist flow diversity index, the share of arrivals from a particular country in the total volume of inbound tourist flow, and the degree of attendance calculated on the basis ...

Since 2019, the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation has annually assessed the quality of the urban environment in more than 1,114 cities. The paper takes the case of the Leningrad region to consider a number of hypotheses about the correspondence between the Urban Environment Quality Index (UEQI) values, the city’s remoteness from agglomeration centers, population changes and migration growth, absolute population and municipal budget expenditures....