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A hermeneutical interpretation of Goethe’s Faust’s attempt to interpret the meaning of the Gospel word λόγος, the first three verses of the Gospel of John, and the first three verses of the book of Genesis is proposed. The analysis of these hermeneutical constructions makes it possible to relate them—as well as the phenomenon of genesis itself—to the author’s model of recursion with inversive switching. The next step is to use this model to interpret and understand the pragmatic moment as the active...

Modern society and the surrounding reality are rapidly evolving, which also affects the technologies being integrated into nearly every aspect of human life. These trends result in the continuous and rapid changes in the content of the knowledge acquired and used. This creates the need to apply relevant tools for assessing students’ skills that meet the demands of societal expectations. The novelty of the research lies in the lack of studies conducting a comparative analysis of diagnostic tools aimed...

Trust in government authorities is a key aspect influencing the stability, efficiency, and sustainability of state governance. At the present stage, the topic of trust in public authorities in Russia has gained additional relevance due to significant socio-economic and political changes caused by the extreme instability of the international situation. Under these new conditions, trust in government authorities serves as a fundamental element for the successful functioning of the state. This article...

... historical development of performing art forms. In: A.K Finger and D. Follett, eds. The aesthetics of the total artwork: on borders and fragments. Baltimore. Humphrey, C., 1988. A Serious Character: The Life of Ezra Pound. Boston. Jay, M., 2010. The virtues of mendacity: on lying in politics. Charlottesville, London. Kamberelis, G. and Wehunt, M. D., 2012. Hybrid discourse practice and science learning. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 7(3), pp. 505—534. Kochnitzky, L., 1921. Fiume et son ...

There are virtually no specialized studies into the creation of poetic image of N. Karamzin in late 18th — early 19th centuries in Russian literature; though it is the expressiveness and imagery of poetry which can have a great impact on the myths in public consciousness. The present study is based on the texts published in the following collections of poems: “Epigrams and Satire: from the history of literary feud of the 19th century” (Epigramma i satira: iz istorii literaturnoy bor’by XIX veka....

... generation of formal intuition. In particular, I explain why the formal intuition of time depends on the intuition of space and how it is constituted by drawing a line. After that, I turn to analysing the empirical aspect of self-affection and show that by virtue of the empirical synthesis of apprehension one is aware of both the empirical contents of representations and the mental actions performed on them, whereby I suggest that this empirical conscious-making function can be understood as an act of distinguishing ...

This review of contemporary discussions of Kantian philosophy of mathematics is timed for the publication of the essay Kant’s Philosophy of Mathematics. Volume 1: The Critical Philosophy and Its Roots (2020) edited by Carl Posy and Ofra Rechter. The main discussions and comments are based on the texts contained in this collection. I first examine the more general questions which have to do not only with the philosophy of mathematics, but also with related areas of Kant’s philosophy, e. g. the question:...

... The Complete Works of Spinoza. Volume I. Edited by E. Curley. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Vossenkuhl, W., 1994. Spontaneität. Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung, 48(3), pp. 329-349. Zovko, M.-É. 2013. Involved in Humankind: Nature, Virtue and the Good We Desire for Ourselves and for Others. Knowledge Cultures, 1/2, pp. 264-300. Zovko, M.-É. 2014. Impassioned by Passion: Knowledge and Love in Plato and Spinoza. Dionysius, 32, pp. 140-171. Zovko, M.-É., 2018. Poetry and Play in ...

... Berlin: Suhrkamp. Habermas, J., 2019b. Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie. Volume 2. Berlin: Suhrkamp. Häring, H., 1979. Die Macht des Bösen. Das Erbe Augustins. Zürich, Köln & Gütersloh: Benziger und Gütersloher Verlagshaus. Höffe, O., 2010. Can Virtue Make Us Happy? The Art of Living and Morality. Translated by D. R. McGaughey and A. Bunch, edited by A. Bunch. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press. Hoff, J., 2010. The Rise and Fall of the Kantian Paradigm of Modern Theology. In: P. M....

... about Reasons: Themes from the Philosophy of Jonathan Dancy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 192-217. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199604678.003.0010 Foot, P., 1978. Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives. In: P. Foot, 1978. Virtues and Vice and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 157-173. Hare, R. M., 1963. Freedom and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Kant, I., 1998. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated and edited by M. Gregor; with ...

... comprehended by human reason without turning to divine revelation, in reality God is the creator of this natural law and the cause of its perfection. Accordingly, faith in the true God in Wolff’s philosophy is obligatory for achieving the supreme degree of virtue, whereas pagans and atheists can achieve only its lowest degree. Kant criticises traditional proofs of the existence of God both in his pre-critical and critical periods. The author looks at the role God plays in Kant’s practical philosophy. ...

.... Dordrecht & Heidelberg & London & New York: Springer, pp. 147-167. Melamed, Y. Y., 2013. Spinoza’s Metaphysics: Substance and Thought. New York: Oxford University Press. Nadler, S., 2014. The Lives of Others: Spinoza on Benevolence and Rational Virtue. In: M. J. Kisner, A. Youpa, eds. Essays on Spinoza’s Ethical Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 41-57. Rawls, J., 2000. Kant. In: J. Rawls, 2000. Lectures on the History of Philosophy. Edited by B. Hermann. Cambridge & London: Harvard ...

... Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Beck, L. W., 1960. A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Bittner, R., 2001. Doing Things for Reasons. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brewer, T., 2002. Maxims and Virtues. The Philosophical Review, 111(4), pp. 539-572. Bubner, R., 2000. Another Look at Maxims. In: P. Cicovacki, ed. 2000. Kant’s Legacy: Essays in Honor of Lewis White Beck. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, pp. 245-260. Johnson, R. N., ...

... potential when it has to be translated into other languages: there are no ready-made equivalents. The problem stems from the evolution of this concept in Kant himself from the pre-Critical (“mode of thinking”, “convictions”, “virtuousness”, “virtues”, “sentiments”, “inclinations”, “aspirations”) to the critical works and then in the Critical period in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Further problems arise from the complex pre-Kant­ian history of the concept of Gesinnung ...

... Works of James M. Buchanan. Indianapolis, 1999. Vol. 3. 5. Dworkin R. Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge; MA, 1977. 6. Gaultier D. Morals by Agreement. Oxford, 1986. 7. Kymlicka W. Contemporary Political Philosophy. Oxford, 2002. 8. MacIntyre A. After Virtue. Notre Dame, 1981. 9. MacIntyre A. Whose Justice? Which Rationality? Notre Dame, 1988. 10. Rawls J. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge; MA, 1971. 11. Rawls J. Political Liberalism (Paperback edition). N. Y., 1993. 12. Taylor C. Sources of the Self: ...

This article revisits the ratio-centric system developed by the prominent exponent of the German enlightenment J. Chr. Gottsched (1700—1766). The authors examine the problem of the ontological argument in the context of the current civilizational crisis of consciousness, which arose against the background of the 20th century crisis of objectivist methodology of modern natural sciences. Such a methodology is incapable of solving the problem of an accurate description of the reality, in particular...

... personality-culture-the general will-the state coordinates. The author compares Hessen’s ideas with Bogdan Kistyakovsky’s legal concept. Hessen distinguished between several layers of meaning in the notion of culture — civilizedness, level of education, and civic virtue. He stressed that the personality and culture existed in a dialectical relationship. Hessen emphasised the primacy of personal freedom and the need to distinguish between freedom and power of choice. Acts of choice are random and unpredictable ...

... capital of the new system of values. Philosophy and arts served as a means in this struggle against dogmatism and feudal absolutism. In this atmosphere, a newconceptual culture emerged. This culture, warmly welcomed by the society, rested on reason, virtue, justice, and tolerance, which reflected the common attitudes of burgher Germany towards apparently natural human inclinations. It contradicted both Augustine’s teaching of human corruption and Hobbes’s misanthropic anthropology. This German ...

... of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions and opening a possibility for happiness, connects Rawls’ theory to Aristotle’s virtue ethics and to contemporary communitarianism. 1. Васильев В. В. Неуловимая свобода: проблема этических оснований системы Канта // Философская этика и нравственное ...

... of autonomy, ability of self-determination through moral law); on the other hand, the notion of “life plan”, emphasizing rationality of human interests and actions and opening a possibility for happiness, connects Rawls’ theory to Aristotle’s virtue ethics and to contemporary communitarianism. 1. Vasil'ev V. V. Neulovimaja svoboda: problema jeticheskih osnovanij sistemy Kanta / Filosofskaja jetika i nravstvennoe bogoslovie. Materialy konferencii. IF RAN, 2002. S. 166—187. 2. Kant I. ...

... those very actions which the categorical imperative as we know it from the “Groundwork” seems to forbid. It is proposed to see this paradox as another antinomy of practical reason. The hypothesis is offered that the separation of the principles of virtue directed to an individual will and right covering the public sphere can be considered as an attempt to solve this very antinomy. 1. Беккер Г. Человеческое поведение: экономический подход. М., 2003....

... Aldington and Death of a Hero — or Life of Anti-hero? // The First World War in fiction. L., 1978. P. 183—193. 8. Onions J. English Fiction and drama of the Great War, 1918—1939. L., 1990. 9. Rutherford A. The literature of war: studies in heroic virtue. L., 1989.

This article summarises the role of the Web 2.0 technology also known as social network services in the development of informal learning. This article offers a general description of non-formal and informal learning. Special attention is paid to blogging and the use of wki-resoruces as the most popular Internet tools. The author gives their general description and stresses their advantages and disadvantages in the educational context. 1. Шахрай С. М. Напишем историю вместе. URL: http://www.gazeta...

... American Novelists Revisited: Essays in Feminist Criticism. Boston , 1982. 12.  Person L . My Good Mama // Studies in American Fiction. 1981. №   9. 13.  Hinds E.   J . Private Property: Charles Brockden Brown’s Gendered Economics of Virtue. Newark , 1997.

... 273—285. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.10.009. 9. Gul M., Euchner J. The New Geography of Innovation, Research // Technolo­gy Management. 2019. № 62:6. P. 16—22. doi: 10.1080/08956308.2019.1661076. 10. Jones K. E., Granzow M., Shields R. Urban virtues and the innovative city: An experiment in placing innovation in Edmonton, Canada // Urban Studies. 2019. № 56 (4). P. 705—721. doi: 10.1177/0042098017719191. 11. Kaleta A. E-learning as a diffusion of innovation in the rural areas of the Eu­ropean ...

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of a money surrogate, introduced in the form of a bitcoin, a popular cryptocurrency. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of the price-per-unit value of the cryptocurrency on the indicator of the market capitalization of the bitcoin cryptocurrency through correlation-regression analysis. As a result of the research, the author becomes the first to prove the direct dependence of the mentioned indicators, namely, a strong relationship between...

Studies published as early as the 19th century, prewar guidebooks, postcards, books of model projects, and archive materials serve as the sources of information about the architectural and urban development of the resort of Cranz. The collection of cadastral plans and maps of 1844—1943 settlements held in the Secret Archive of Prussian heritage in Berlin remains virtually unstudied. A project used in the construction of the wooden music pavilion in the park Plantage in Cranz was found in a textbook...

This paper considers the cultural, political, and historical problems of the development of European identity in the discourse of Europe. The author addresses the question as to whether European identity is a category of political discourse or a real instrument of European integration and comes to a conclusion that the concepts of European identity are stuck in a methodological trap. And the EU institutional design does not inspire confidence among the residents of united Europe. The question as...

... Original Contract // Political Essays. Cambridge University Press, 1994. URL: http://www.constitution.org/dh/origcont.htm 17.  Leeson P.   T. The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of Pirates. Princeton University Press, 2009. 18.  MacIntyre A. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. University of Notre Dame Press, 2007. 19.  Rawls J. A Theory of Justice. Rev . ed. Harvard University Press, 1999. 20.  Rawls J. Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press, 2007. 21.  ...

This paper offers a philosophical analysis of graphic tests, which have become predominant recently. Drawing tests, as a model of hierarchical interrelations and inversions in the psychic structure, are an important object of philosophical research. By means of this model, we can learn a lot about hierarchical systems. The author relied on the presence of a hierarchical system in human activity stated by the great Russian physiologist Nikolai Bernstein. 1.      Аве-Лаллемант У. Графический тест...

A linear algorithm for calculating the vertical geological structure at a given point in the region has been developed as an additional tool for the de­sign procedure to access groundwater resources of the Moscow-Valdai aquifer. The descriptions of the test set of boreholes were digitized in the Kaliningrad region. The study proposes an algorithm for constructing a "virtual well”, which describes the desired vertical geological structure at the user's point, considering the values of the filtration...

The article focuses on normative values of the liver shear wave elas­tography and comparison of various works in elastography of the internation­al and Rus­sian research. A variety of normal values of liver stiffness during shear wave elastography obtained by different authors when measuring on various devices are presented. The normal range of liver stiffness measure­ments in healthy peo­ple var­ies widely: the normal liver elasticity values may vary in range of 1.5—7.5 kPa on measuring by transient...