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... Published in 1791, his report is important as the first printed mentioning of Kant in Russian. Karamzin was looking forward to meet J. K. Lavater in Zürich, with whom he had already corresponded for three years, but Kant warned him of Lavater’s excessive imagination, which let him believe in dreams and magnetism. Lavater’s ‘Schwärmerei’ was above all attacked by the publishers F. Nicolai and J. E. Biester, whom Karamzin would soon come in touch with in Berlin. The young traveler was appalled by ...

... entsiklopediya [Orthodox Encyclopedia]. Moscow. Vol. 19, pp. 283—345. 4. Bulanin, D. M., 1995. Ancient Rus. In Yu. Levin, ed. Istoriya russkoi perevodnoi khudozhestvennoi literatury: Drevnyaya Rus’. XVIII vek. Proza [History of Russian translated imaginative literature: Ancient Rus. XVIII century. Prose]. St. Petersburg. Vol. 1, pp. 17—73. 5. Gladkov O. V., 2013. Zhitiye Evstafiya Plakidy v russkoi i slavyanskoi knizhnosti i literature IX — ХХ vekov [Hagiography of Evstafiy Plakida in Russian ...

1. Daija P. Baltijas apgaismības virzienu kontrasti un nozīme latviešu 18. gadsimta literatūras attīstībā // Latviešu literatūras procesi un personības. Rīga, 2008. 2. Daija P. Genesis of the Concept of Statehood and Perception of Patriotism in Latvian Enlightenment Literature // Latvia and Latvians: A People and a State in Ideas, Images and Symbols. Rīga, 2000. 3. Dann O., Hroch M. Einleitung // Patriotismus und Nationsbildung am Ende des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. Köln, 2003. 4...

... Third Edition. München: Kösel. Pröpper, T., 2011. Theologische Anthropologie. Volume 2. Freiburg: Herder. Ricoeur, P., 1995. Hope and the Structure of Philosophical Systems (1970). In: P. Ricoeur, 1995. Figuring the Sacred, Religion, Narrative and Imagination. Translated by D. Pellauer, edited by M. Walker. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, pp. 203-216. Schleiermacher, F. D. E., 1986. The Christian Faith (1830/31). Edited by H. R. Mackintosh and J. S. Stewart, translated by D. M. Baillie et al. Edinburgh: ...

... Chicago Press, pp. 81—113. Foucault, M., 1978. Discipline and Punish. The Birth of the Prison. Translated by A. Sheridan. New York: Pantheon Books. Gavrilenko, S. M., 2017. Historical Epistemology: the Zone of Uncertainty and the Space of Theoretical Imagination. Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, 52(2), pp. 20-28. (In Rus.) Ginzburg, C., 2004. The Evidence-based Paradigm and Its Signs. In: C. Ginzburg. Mify — emblemy — primety [Myths — Emblems — Signs]. Moscow: New Publishing House, ...

... M., 2018. Kantian Accounts of Thought Experiments. In: M. T. Stuart, Y. Fehige and J. R. Brown, eds. 2018. The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments. London & New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 327-341. Diamond, C., 2000. Ethics, Imagination, and the Method of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus. In: A. Crary and R. Read, eds. 2000. The New Wittgenstein. London & New York: Routledge, pp. 149-173. Dragalina-Chernaya, E. G., 2020. Colours in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Logical Space. Voprosy ...

... host of unreasonable consequences: we have reason to suggest that reasonableness perhaps contains its own negation. Most philosophers of the twentieth century supposed that today it is impossible to think as in former times; it is already impossible to imagine reality as the structure which alone has a basis. The modern pluralistic world cannot be interpreted in a single rationalistic way as the only possible way, which would lead to the world’s being be united on a single principle for the sake of ...

Both the categories and principles of understanding as well as the ideas and principles of reason build transcendental elements to conceive transcendental philosophy as a philosophical system. Accordingly, in addition to the “Transcendental Analytic”, Kant develops in the “Transcendental Dialectic” an expanded concept of the transcendental. The transcendental ideas do not denote object-constitutive principles but, in a weaker sense, conditions of the possibility of experience. The relation between...

... actual experience possible: the ideal of holiness resides in reason, i. e. in the human being, but the dominance of radical evil over the human will puts it out of human reach either in thought or in practice. For rational thought it is more natural to imagine the practical reality of the archetype as the embodiment of the authentic man proceeding from God. Using the Gospel narrative about Jesus, Kant interprets the human nature of the archetype in the light of his general notions about the properties ...

The origins in Marxist-Leninist philosophy of the dogma about Kant as the German theorist of the French Revolution requires some analysis and I explain how a phrase of Marx later gave rise to the dogma. I first look at the sources that influenced K. Marx’s view of Kant and the French Revolution, above all С. F. Bachmann and H. Heine. I then examine the form in which Kant’s philosophy was compared with the French Revolution in the non-Bolshevik milieu before the 1917 Russian Revolution (P. Ya. Chaadayev...

The “Cambridge pragmatists”, Charles S. Peirce, William James and Josiah Royce, are at least in two respects significantly indebted to Kant: first, as von Kempski, Apel and Murphey have shown, with regard to the epistemological issues investigated in pragmatism; secondly, with regard to the various pragmatic approaches to religion, something which has been long overlooked. These approaches are best understood as innovative re-readings of Kant’s postulates of freedom, immortality, and God. Since Hilary...

Carruthers, P., 2017. Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness. In: S. Schneider and M. Velmans, eds. 2017. The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Hoboken. N. J.: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 288-297. Home, H., 2005. Essays on Principles of Morality and Natural Religion. Natural Law and Enlightenment Classics. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund. Hume, D., 1960. A Treatise of Human Nature. Reprinted from the original edition in 3 volumes and edited, with an Analytical Index, by L. A. Selby-Bigge. Oxford: Clarendon...

... sciences of reason. Thereafter (II), I think through his holistic understanding of science and scientific progress and suggest differentiating between four levels of use of architectonic ideas, drawing on the metaphor of a well-structured universe as imagined by Kant in his work on the Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens. I also claim that each possible idea of reason can be (apart from its primary function) additionally regarded as a fourth-level architectonic concept when explicitly ...

... Jewropejskije lanshafty i cyvilizacija bolshoj ravniny (F. А. Stepun) [European landscapes and high plains of civilization (F. A. Stepun)] // Rossija: voobrazenije prostranstva/prostranstvo i voobrazenija / pod red. I. I. Mitina, D. N. Zamiatina [Russia: the imagination of space/space and imaginations / eds. I. I. Mitin, D. N. Zamyatin]. Мoscow, p. 378—397. 15. Shchukin V. G. 2012, Ot mietafiziki lanshafta k fienomienologii nacii. F. А. Stepun ob osobennostiah russkoj kultury [From metaphysics to the ...

... the hermeneutic discourse of the so-called mystery of the German spirit. It is stressed that Gottsched was committed to a well-reasoned apologia of reason as a mediator between the reality and the spirit — a mediator that acts through the mystery of imagination and the psychology of unconscious interest. The authors examine relevant aspects of Gottsched’s rational aesthetics in his struggle against pre-Romanticism theories. Attention is paid to the ideational proximity between Gottsched’s ideas ...

Leaping beyond the limits of one’s time with the help of imagination is a rather common procedure; however, such leap made with the help of rational philosophical principles and taking one 150 years into the future to a precisely designed landing ground is unprecedented. Kant preformed this intellectual feat ...

The article is dedicated to the spatial organization of the novel by M. R. James “Number 13”, published in his first book of collected stories. A shift in the poetical paradigm is noted: the transition from traditional Gothic topoi to modern urban space. According to the Gothic view on the distant past and antiquity, certain architectural features are ascribed to the reinterpreted Gothic topoi. In he novel, space does not only function as an arrangement of the hero’s inner state, but also as a plot-forming...

The article examines specific lexical units called grifonyms which are functioning in the texts of fantasy video games. A new term ‘grifonyms’ refers to nominations of characters created by the imagination of game developers and having no analogues in reality. Obligatory and optional features of griphonyms are revealed, their systematization and classification are carried out. The authors highlight the semantic features and analyze the structural ...

... and the mind’s hidden complexities. N. Y., 2002. 15. Grady J. Metaphor // The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics / еd. by D. Geeraerts, H. Cuyckens. Oxford, 2007. P. 188—213. 16. Johnson M. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago, 1987. 17. Miall D. S. Temporal Aspects of Literary Reading // Investigations Into the Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Work of Art / еd. by P. F. Bundgaard, F. Stjernfelt // Contributions to Phenomenology. Vol. ...

.... 35. Rogers P., McCann R. An Interview with Pattiann Rogers // The Iowa Rе­wiew. 1987. Vol. 17, iss. 2. URL: https://ir.uiowa.edu/iowareview/?utm_sourc (да­та обращения: 20.03.2020). 36. Saiber A., Turner H. S. Mathematics and the Imagination A Brief Introduction // Configurations. 2009. Vol. 17, № 1. Р. 1—18. 37. Smart J. C. The Mind/Brain Identity Theory // Stanford Encyclopedia of Phi­losophy. URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-identity/ (дата обраще­ния: ...

... the Humanities ; Vol. 1266). 21. Laws C. Headaches Among the Overtones: Music in Beckett / Beckett in Mu­sic. Amsterdam, 2013. 22. Pilling J. The Cambridge Companion to Beckett. Cambridge, 1994. P. 81—82. 23. White H. Music and the Irish Literary Imagination. N. Y., 2008.

The originality of the author's aesthetic conception lies in A. S. Byatt’s reflections on the origins of creative energy and their connection with the processes taking place on the border of the real merging with the imaginary, Otherworldly. The author shows the role and organization of these poetical paradigms in the text, the center of which is the idea of Destiny. It is reflected not only in the plot twists and turns, but also in the formation of characters, the creation of the book composition...

.... The influence of outer factors on the thinking type, which is implemented in certain grammar structure, is also considered. The conclusion is: cognitive-informational characteristics of phylogenic “primary” archaic thinking of people is mainly imaginative, right-brain thinking. 1. Виноградов В. В. Учение А. А. Потебни о стадиальности развития синтаксического строя в славянских языках // Вестник Московского ...

In the article the phenomenon «Another I» of the hero on a story material «the Amnesia Anastasia» is analyzed by N. Kononov. In work the letter as the basic way of communications of the hero with the imagined addressee is considered, and existence of the alternative person of the hero contacts special unsteadiness, instability and step-type behaviour of the art world of the given author. 1. Агеев В. Н. Семиотика. М., 2002. 2. Берестнев ...

... of the subjective lexicon // Semantics: theory and application /ed. by C. Rameh. Washington, 1976. P. 181 — 206. 6. Dean P. Polysemy and cognition // Lingua 75. 1988. P. 325 —361. 7. Johnson M. The body in the mind: the bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago; L . , 1987. 8. Кilgarriff A. Inheriting polysemy / University of Sussex. Brighten, 1992. 9. Lakoff G. Women, fire and dangerous things: what categories reveal about the mind. Chicago, 1987. 10. Nunberg G. The ...

Relations between Russia and India in the academic and research space have been developing long. In modern history, the two countries act as strate­gic partners that aim at common development of priority areas of knowledge with high potential for the commercialization of results and the generation of innovations. The article assesses the potential for enhancing Russian-Indian interaction in various fields of scientific knowledge. The geography of the study is 268 cities of India and 44 cities of...

... 362—382. 18. Sharp I. Blaming the Women: Women’s ‘Responsibility’ for the First World War // The Women’s Movement in Wartime: International Perspectives, 1914—1919 / eds. A. S. Fell, I. E. Sharp. Basingstoke, 2007. P. 86—109. 19. Wierling D. Imagining and Communicating Violence: The Correspondence of a Berlin Family, 1914—1918 // Gender and the First World War. P. 36—51. 20. Winter J., Prost A. The Great War in History. Debates and controversies, 1914 to the Present. Cambridge, 2006.

... 7. McCausland E. Käthe Kollwitz // Parnassus. 1937. Vol. 9. P. 20—25. 8. Moorjani A. Käthe Kollwitz on Sacrifice, Mourning, and Reparation: An Essay in Psychoaesthetics // MLN (Modern Language Notes). 1986. Vol. 101. P. 1110—1134. 9. Paret P. Imagined Battles: Reflections of War in European Art. Chapel Hill, 1997. 10. Price D. Käthe Kollwitz. Yale University Press (в печати). 11. Schaefer J. O. Kollwitz in America: A Study of Reception, 1900—1960 // Women’s Art Journal. 1994. Vol....

This article analyses fashion from two points of view — as a closed system of “the world of the fashionable” with its own specific hierarchy, where creative imagination becomes a criterion for success and as a field of social imagination that influences social behavior and the structures of identity presentation formation. The concept of creative imagination is considered as a concept distinct from that of ...

There is a large number of ways to measure the size of the spleen by ultrasonography. Methodically correct examination is the key to the accurate determination of splenomegaly. The article describes well-known methods for determining its size and volume, which are used in sonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of the study is to identify the most accurate way to measure the volume of the spleen during ultrasound examination. Therefore, the authors performed the ultrasound...

The article provides an overview of domestic and foreign interdisciplinary studies of post-traumatic splenosis. Furthermore, we focused on the develop­ment of splenosis of various localization and the possibility of radiation imag­ing diagnostics. The authors analyzed a differential diagnosis with a primary or secondary tumour process and reviewed patient management tactics as well as potential complications. The study described a case of splenosis 14 years af­ter splenectomy due to spleen rupture...

The article focuses on the examples of modern diagnostics of compression neuropathy of the median nerve in the carpal canal, because currently the unanimous assessment of the results during ultrasound and ENMG seems to be problematic. The purpose of the work is to propose a standard for the most effective algorithm for diagnosing patients with CCS. The study was per­formed on 98 patients examined in the Kaliningrad regional clinical hospital, the department of traumatology and orthopedics at the...

... range of 1.5—7.5 kPa on measuring by transient elastography (Fi­broScan, Echosens); 2.4—6.2 kPa on measuring by point shear wave elas­tography (iU elite, Philips); 2.6—6.2 kPa on measuring by 2D shear wave elastography (Aixplorer, Supersonic Imagine). The liver shear wave velocity varies in the range of 0.71—1.71 m/s on measur­ing by the point shear wave elastography. The given data of the normal liver stiffness measurement and shear wave velocity in healthy people could not be taken as ...

The previous research work of the team (M. V. Martinovich et al.) developed a new formula for in vivo liver volume calculating using the genetic algorithm method. The purpose of this work was the integration of the formula in the automatic ultrasound diagnostic work station (AWS) "Assistant”. To achieve the goal, a number of the research objectives have been set. The possibility of assessing the size of the liver on the basis of its volume is a means of objectifying the diagnostic process. Integration...

The article focuses on the studies of changes in fetal behavior and general fetal movements which were carried out through the method of H. Prechtl with the help of the Kurjak Antenatal Neurobehavioral Test (KANET). The research evaluated the functional state of the central nervous system of fetuses with different pathologies. The authors describe a number of assessments including the intrauterine development of the central nervous system of fetuses during normal gestation; the intrauterine development...

... Elastography — an update // J Med Ultrasound. 2013. Vol. 15 (4). P. 304—314. 23. Mulazzani L., Salvatore V., Ravaioli F. et al. Point shear wave ultrasound elas­tography with Esaote compared to real-time 2D shear wave elastography with super­so­nic imagine for the quantification of liver stiffness // J Med Ultrasound. 2017. Vol. 20 (3). P. 213—225. doi: 10.1007/s40477-017-0260-7. 24. Cassinotto C., Lapuyade B ., Mouries A . et al. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis with impulse elastography: ...

The traditional method of determining the propagation of acoustic waves during ARFI-elastometry of the liver as well as the existing norms are rather controversial. The article aims at standardization of techniques and the development of protocols for the AFRI elastometry of the liver. The study identifies factors for a more accurate ARFI elastometry imaging of the liver: the optimal position of the patient, access to the liver and the area of initial elastographic assessment. 1. Борсуков А. В...

..., Prostranstvo i razvitie Rossii: polimasshtabnyj analiz [Space and Development in Russia: Analysis polimasshtabny], Vestnik Rossijskoj akademii nauk [Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences], Vol. 79, no. 2, p. 101—112. 2. Smith, A. 2002, Imagining geographies of the ‘new Europe’: geo-economic power and the new European architecture of integration, Political Geography, Vol. 21. 3. Gubanova, T. E. (comp.), 1987, Jekonomicheskaja i social'naja geografija v SSSR: Istorija i sovremennoe ...

This article is dedicated to the problems of deployment of the US anti-missile defence system in Eastern Europe. The European system of US missile defence is just one of the components of global US missile defence. This work aims to analyze possible Russia’s responses within military and political spheres. The measures proposed are divided into three subgroups: soft, medium and hard depending on the implementation of the adopted missile defence concept by the USA. This research employs the structure-system...

... the earlier versions of the article. At the same time, the author alone bears all the responsibility for the conclusions drawn in the article. 1. Anderson, B. 2001, Voobrazhaemye soobwestva: razmyshlenija ob istokah i rasprostranenii nacionalizma [Imagined Communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism], Мoscow. 2. Astrov, А. 2009, Etonia: politicheskaja bor'ba za mesto v istorii [Estonia: the political struggle for a place in history], Pro et Contra, no. 3—4 (46), p. 109—124....

The article defines the innovative features of teaching international relations in the Baltic Sea Region at the graduate level, taking as an example the double degree program in international relations of the Finnish-Russian Cross-Border University, set up by the St. Petersburg State University and the University of Tampere the article also evaluates specific features of other similar programs taught in universities around the Baltic Sea. 1.      Kuzmin, Ju. S., Novikova, I. N. 2005. Novejshaja...