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... agricultural districts of Nesterov and Pravdinsk, whereas the worst performing ones are those of Gvardeisk, Krasnoznamensk, Ozersk, and Chernykhovsk. A comparison with the other constituent entities of the Northwestern federal district proved that the level of social wellbeing of Kaliningrad rural municipalities is rather high and most of them have made the transition from depression to sustainable development. 1. Federal'nyj zakon ot 06.10.2003 № 131-FZ «Ob obshhih principah organizacii mestnogo ...

... network integration was registered. A new peak of network cohesion and integration was reached in 2007—2011; however, the death of some key members of political elites in a plane crash resulted in a decrease in the network integration indices to the level of 2001—2005. On the whole, the network structure of Polish political elite is characterised by unstable dynamics relating to the crisis events of the past. However, it is established that the elites have a pronounced diaspora core and an unstable ...

... programmes of private- public partnership in the field of public regulation and tourism stimulation, etc. These technologies contribute to the transition fr om a certain economic agent, the industry as a whole, or a tourist destination to a fundamentally new level in terms of tourist product presentation and increase of competitiveness. The sources for innovations in tourism are both the providers and consumers of tourist services. In those regions wh ere tourism is considered an economic priority, local ...

... components of networking. The authors introduce the notion of international interorganizational networks as a special form of international cooperation. A study into the spatial form of interorganizational networks helps explain the effect of different levels and types of economic integration. Key areas of research on international interorganizational networks are identified in view of the features of integration processes in the development of network processes and in the framework of network approach ...

The border location of the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship and the Kaliningrad region is a prerequisite for active cooperation at different institutional levels. The development of cross-border cooperation between the Kaliningrad region and the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship was launched in 1992, when the first agreements on international cooperation were signed. As of today, a high emphasis is placed on ...

... mutual claims that appeared after the demise of the USSR. Latvia — as well as Estonia and Lithuania — is both an EU and NATO member state. However, unlike the above mentioned countries, its relations with Russia are developing at a more pragmatic level. Numerous political differences often result in economic losses both for Latvia and Russia. Despite the fact that Latvia has been an independent state for more than 20 years, there are still some unresolved issues in its relations with Russia. Today,...

A higher level of unity and cohesion across the European Union member states is an important aspect of European integration though it has a rather ambiguous nature. The Law on the Common Market, which aims to increase the economic efficiency of the EU, became ...

... language. Special attention is paid to the typology of the world’s enclave territories as objects of political geography; at the same time, their new categories and divisions (international enclave, overseas exclaves, internal enclaves of different levels) are extended and introduced. The author offers a new classification of contemporary and historical enclaves and exclaves. The article identifies the specific features of the Kaliningrad region in comparison to other enclave territories. The difference ...

... http://journals. kantiana. ru/upload/iblock/7da/ G.%20V.%20 Kretinin_ 70—78.pdf (accessed 26 March 2013). 4. Seliverstov, S. S.2012, Cross-Border Cooperation between Russia and the European Uni on in the Electricity Sector: Key Trends and Prospects, High Level Joint Conference of EURELECTRIC and Electric Power Council of the CIS, October 31, 2012, Brussels, available at: http://www. eurelectric. org/ media/ 66573/SELIVERSTOV. pdf (accessed 24 March 2013). 5. Vilemas, Ju. 2012, Improving generation capacities: ...

... calculation of an integral research and technological potential index for the Russian Federation, the Northwestern Federal District of Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. The paper describes the level of research and technological development of Russia in 2008—2010 in terms of human resources, R&D, material and technical components, and the transformation capacity of innovative potential. The author identifies the key issues in the field of ...

... development of a complex cooperation programme. The working version of the model includes approximately 150 events. As to its purpose, it is a representation of a well-balanced established international coordination programme of transboundary cooperation at a level of two regions. 1. Bilchak, V. S. 2001, Prigranichnaja jekonomika [Frontier economics], Kaliningrad, Izdatel'stvo Kaliningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2. Borodavkina, N. Yu. 2010, Osobennosti transgranichnogo sotrudnichestva subjektov ...

This article focuses on the cooperation between the constituent entities of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation and the Baltic countries (Finland, Estonia, and Norway) in the field of innovations at national and regional levels, as well as at the level of corporate cooperation. The author reviews successful implementation of innovation projects within cross-border and transnational cooperation programmes. The most significant projects focus on the development of information ...

... strategicheskih dokumentov federal'nogo urovnja, napravlennyh na povyshenie jeffektivnosti upravlenija morskoj dejatel'nost'ju i uvelichenija ee vklada v social'no-jekonomicheskoe razvitie strany [On the development of strategic documents at the federal level to improve the efficiency of maritime activities and increase its contribution to the socioeconomic development], Strategicheskoe planirovanie v regionah i gorodah Rossii: strategija modernizacii i modernizacija strategij. Doklady uchastnikov IX ...

... works published in the leading periodicals in 1993—2012. The empirical material is collected from the world’s largest abstract and citation database, SciVerse Scopus, which makes it possible to evaluate macroindicators at the national and global levels as well as the contribution of scholars to the global progress. The article also offers an assessment of the efficiency of research activities in the Baltic Sea region countries. It is based on a number of scientometric indicators that reflect ...

... scientific and technological potential of Russia (Northwestern federal district) and EU states of the Baltic region. The experimental check suggests that the methodology be further improved for future clustering of Russian and EU regions according to the level of their innovative development. 1. Avdulov, A. N., Kulkin, А. М. Pokazateli nauchno-tehnicheskogo potenciala. Metody sravnitel'nogo analiza [Indicators of scientific and technological capacity. Methods of comparative analysis], available at: ...

Latvia’s participation in the process of integration and globalization within the European Uni on creates a need to improve tools of competitiveness and management assessment of the country’s regions. It also requires the development of common approaches to sel ection criteria, competition indicators and assessment tools at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. This study identifies the development stage of Latvia’s regions and considers methods as well as experience of evaluation and improvement...

... proektov [Methodical recommendations on evaluation of investment projects efficiency], Moscow, Jekonomika, 421 p. 4. Mccarthy M. P., Flynn T. P., 2005, Risk: upravlenie riskom na urovne topmenedzherov i sovetov direktorov [Risk: risk management at the level of topmanagers and boards of directors], Moscow, Alpina Business Books. 5. Medynsky, V. G., Skamay, L. G. 2002, Innovacionnoe predprinimatel'stvo [Innovative entrepreneurship], Moscow, UNITY-DANA. 6. Mihelis, T. P., Ermakova, N. A., Petrenko, L....

... created in smaller towns give a boost to socioeconomic development. The authors analyse the case of the science park in the town of Gusev in the Kaliningrad region and emphasise the role of development and adoption of legal acts at regional and municipal levels, for example, the law «On the production policy of the Kaliningrad region». 1. Beketov, N. V. 2002, Nauchno-innovacionnye sistemy regionov: problemy formirovanija i razvitija [Research and innovation systems of regions: problems of formation ...

Innovative activity is carried out at three levels — those of the state, region and a company or a university. This article considers the level of development of knowledge-based economy in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland at each of the three levels, as ...

... resulting from their incompatibility. The recommendations on the application of instruments for harmonizing economic interests can be used in drawing up programmes for the development of small innovative business at the federal, regional, and municipal levels. 1. Molchanova, O. P. (ed.). 2010, Mehanizmy gosudarstvennoj podderzhki innovacionnogo predprinimatel'stva: Analiz mezhdunarodnogo opyta [Mechanisms of state support of innovative business: Analysis of international experience], Moscow, Izd-vo ...

... of such solutions, for example, could require pooling of competitive advantages of these areas. The analysis of strategic documents of regional development, however, shows that the issue of interregional cooperation has not been duly addressed at any level, theoretical or practical. It is important to strengthen international trade capacity and to increase cooperation in other areas of cross-border relations, since these processes are crucial for Russia’s integration into the global markets. 1....

... the Baltic Sea states. The practical significance of this study consists in the proposed and justified responses of the Russian Federation that may serve as a basis for the scenarios of development of international situation and help to forecast the level of tension in Russia-US relations. 1. Ballisticheskaja raketa «Bulava»: tehnicheskie harakteristiki. Spravka [Ballistic missile «Bulava»: technical specifications. Reference], RIA Novosti, available at:http://ria. ru/spravka/20100224/210651991....

... cultural landscapes of the North-West Russia, which includes Saint Petersburg, the Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, and Kaliningrad regions. This article sets out to develop and test the methodology for historical and cultural zoning at the mesogeographical level. The research and practical significance of the work lies in the identification of the features of formation of cultural landscapes in the North-West Russia, which can be used for the development of schemes of protection and rational management ...

... of training specialists in protocol. However, this aspect has not been tackled effectively by Russian universities. This article is aimed at identifying the need for the professional study of protocol at Russian universities. The paper analyses the level of teaching protocol disciplines in Europe and Russia and considers the results of the first Russian forum on protocol. The main conclusion drawn is that there is a need for introducing a qualification of an expert in protocol into Russian science....

... application: Earth's remote probing, crop yield forecasts, forestry, water industry and agricultural monitoring, etc. However, the research shows that attempts to perform a calculation for various fields of satellite information application at a regional level prove the existing approaches to be inefficient due to the difficulties in obtaining initial data. To this effect, the authors developed a normative methodical approach to the calculation of the effect of integrated GLONASS application. This approach ...

... the need to analyse foreign policy priorities of the Baltic States and Central and Eastern European countries and to identify the dominant trends in the international policy in the region in order to forecast further development at European and global levels. This objective is achieved with the help of an integrated approach with elements of interdisciplinary research. Special attention is paid to the comparative-historical approach, which facilitates the analysis of the relations between the Republic ...

... Kaliningradskoj oblasti. [online] Available at: <http://www.gov39.ru> (Accessed 10 March 2011). Bilchak Vasily, Nosachevskaya Yekaterina 10.5922/2079-8555-2011-2-12 101-108 programming, exclave region, research, specific features, regional level

... the country. The paper describes the dynamics of changes in the income of population of Latvian regions over nine years (2000—2008). The authors put forward a hypothesis that the changes in the state social and economic policy tend to influence the level and dynamics of income of Latvia’s population. 1. Litvinov, V. A. 1999. Uroven' zhizni naselenija regionov Rossii. 1. P. 40—48. 2. Staroverov, O. V. 2006. Otdel'nye modeli jekonomicheskoj sociologii.Moskow. 3. Centrālā statistikas pārvalde ...

... information on the groundwater condition.The existing groundwater monitoring system has proven to be incapable of fully implementing its functions. It requires a fundamental reorganization and further development at the contemporary scientific and technical level, since groundwater resource management is impossible without a quantitative forecast of groundwater condition and properties.From the perspective of rational Nature management, the leading ecological function of underground hydrosphere is carried ...

... Natural history, present threats and future challenges. Mar Pollut Bull. Vol. 57, pp. 8—21. 4. Pawlak, J. 1980. Land-based inputs of some major pollutants to the Baltic Sea. Ambio Special issue on the Baltic, pp. 163—167. 5. Herrmann, J. 1998. Levels of radioactivity. In: The Radiological Exposure of the Population of the European Community to Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea. Maria-Balt Project, 2d S. P. Nielsen. Proceedings of a Seminar held at Hasseludden Conference Centre, Stockholm, 9—11 ...

This article analyses the migration streams in the Baltic Sea region in 1950—2009. The geography of migration movement is considered at the level of state and at the mesolevel. The author assesses the influence of migration on the socioeconomic situation in the region. 1. Kuznetsova, T. Ju. 2009. Geodemograficheskaja obstanovka v stranah Baltijskogo makroregiona: problemy i perspektivy. ...

This article analyses the demographic problems of the Pskov region. The authors propose a system of government regulation of demographic processes in view of the functions of the regional executive authorities. 1. Predpolagaemaja chislennost' naselenija Pskovskoj oblasti do 2030 goda 2010. In: Statisticheskij bjulleten. Pskov. 2. Pskovskaja oblast v cifrah: statisticheskiy sbornik. 2010. Pskov. 3. Pskovskij statisticheskij ezhegodnik. 2009: statisticheskij sbornik. 2009. Pskov. 4. Regiony Rossii...

... one of the main aspects of the regional political agenda in the Baltic Sea Region. The article analyzes the political impact of the organizations, as perceived by the universities in the region and political decision-makers on national and regional levels. Based on the success of the OECD in becoming an influential actor in educational policies, this article discusses different strategies for the regional political organizations to enhance their influence. 1.  Aaviksoo, J. 2002. University Co-operation ...

The article defines the innovative features of teaching international relations in the Baltic Sea Region at the graduate level, taking as an example the double degree program in international relations of the Finnish-Russian Cross-Border University, set up by the St. Petersburg State University and the University of Tampere the article also evaluates specific features of ...

... and diplomacy and analyses the current state of Russian energy policy, the role of Russia in global energy geopolitics and the factors affecting it. The author examines energy diplomacy as an instrument of foreign policy at both global and regional levels taking into account the changes in the corporate policy of energy companies. Zhiznin Stanislav 10.5922/2079-8555-2010-1-2 7-17 global energy, international relations, energy security, geopolitics, global energy diplomacy, regional energy ...