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The modern popularity of the Kantian definition of enlightenment often leads to a distorted notion that his understanding of enlightenment was dominant already during his lifetime, expressing the quintessence of all-European Enlightenment. This turns our attention away from entire layers ...

The study analyzes the definitions of terms that name the main regulato­ry documents for top-level medical personnel: “clinical recommendations”, “clinical guidelines”, “diagnostic and treatment protocol”. The article com­pares the terminological phrases with ...

... framework, to critical analysis. A key short­coming identified is the weak correlation between the theoretical, practical, and didactic di­mensions of the so-called strategy of tertiary translation. To address this limitation, the paper proposes a definition of translation strategy grounded in the needs-oriented theory of translation. Treating translation as a service and conceptualising it as a tool, this definition ref­lects the realities of professional translation practice. Depending on the ...

... doctrine in the formation of law through the concept of the “doctrinal factor of legal communication” — a notion that has not yet undergone thorough scholarly analysis within the framework of post-nonclassical legal understanding — and to provide a definition of it. The methodological foundation of the study is built upon the communicative theory of law (one of the leading approaches in post-nonclassical legal science) and contemporary theoretical perspectives on the functions of legal doctrine ...

... “disinterestedness of aesthetic judgment”. Rather, the whole characterization of the judgment of taste as a “judgment of an object grounded on a delight in it which is without any interest” shall be considered here as a means to constructing a new definition of the modal concept of “existence”. More generally, the four moments of the “Analytic of the Beautiful” contain preliminary work on the modal concepts of existence, possibility, necessity — and, of course, contingency, which is very ...

... language consciousness. Most studies of language consciousness do not differ in any significant way from studies of the mental lexicon, and this is not recognized or is hushed up by their authors. The problem of their differentiation is connected with the definition of language consciousness. The author of the article defines it as a psycholinguistic concept that shows how the internal and external factors for the functioning of a language as a human property are associated with changes in the meanings ...

The article focuses on different approaches to the definition of the legal state nature that has existed over time. The research is aimed at identifying the modern frames of the legal state that functions as a necessary counterbalance to the state monopoly on power and governance. The cope of research ...

... critique of the ontological argument as in Kant’s interpretation of the concepts of ‘being’ and ‘existence’, which are central to the development of a fundamental ontology. Heidegger reduces the opaqueness of these concepts to the problem of the definition of the concept of ‘perception’; and, challenging Kant’s identification of existence with ‘perception’, argues that existence cannot be identical either to the act of perception, or to the perceived object, nor to its ‘perceivedness’ ...

... their legal value and significance for the pro­gress of a criminal case during the consideration and resolution of a criminal-law dispute on the merits; and third, by the fragmented requirements applied to them. The aim of the study is to formulate a definition of an interim decision, to determine its place among the decisions of the court of first instance, and to develop universal recommendations containing require­ments that contribute to its effective and high-quality functioning. Within the ...

... earlier ones and not applicable to Kant. He argues against the transcendental idealism and the coarse-grained distinction between analytic and synthetic and a priori and a posteriori that requires an update. Beck, L. W., 1956. Kant’s Theory of Definitions. The Philosophical Review, 65(2), pp. 179-191. Boghossian, P. and Williamson, T., 2020. Debating the A Priori. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Cicatello, A., 2018. Der seltsame Fall der ‘Gegebenen Begriffe’ bei Kant. In: V. L. Waibel,...

... linguistic. This approach enables the consid­eration of an artistic statement not as deficient but, conversely, as abundant in its referential connections. It helps reveal the common semiotic mechanisms at play in any work of art, which motivate the ‘definition of poetry’ as a distinct statement about a unique world. Aristotle, 2000. Ritorika. Poetika [Rhetoric. Poetics]. Moscow (in Russ.). Castaneda, G.-N., 1999. Fiction and reality: their fundamental connections: Es­says on the ontology ...

The article deals with the linguopoetics of deixis as one of the key mechanisms for expressing subjectivity in artistic communication. The aim of the study is to discuss the specifics of deictic words and constructions in experimental poetic discourse. The second part of the article analyzes the functions of personal, spatial, and discourse (textual) deixis in the visual layout of a poetic text (spatial design of verse). The material for analysis encompasses Edward Cummings’ experimental verse, conceptual...

This article examines the essence of the Copernican turn accomplished by the modern French philosopher Quentin Meillassoux, a representative of speculative realism, in his work After Finitude. I use as a starting point the classical definition of the Copernican turn given by Kant in the second introduction to the Critique of Pure Reason. I then compare this definition with the “new” interpretation offered by the French philosopher. According to Meillassoux, Kant and the following ...

... se and others as the whole scope of local history. The ‘History of West Russia: The Kaliningrad Region’, a secondary school discipline taught since 2006, presents an interesting case. The subject of the Kaliningrad regional history has no single definition since it is a matter of politics rather than historiography. The inability to produce such a definition stems from the uniqueness of the region’s geographical position and history. The region’s history was used extensively in the Soviet ...

... [Accessed 22 December 2017]. 29. Parsons, T. O strukture sotsial'nogo deistviya [On the structure of social action]. Available at: http://www.gumer.in-fo/bibliotek_Buks/Sociolog/pars/03.php [Accessed 22 December 2017]. 30. Sogomonyan, V. E., 2010. To the definition of the concept of "public power". Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta [Bulletin of MGIMO-University], 4(13), pp. 98—105. 31. Sogomonyan, V. E., 2013. Publicity of authority: definition of the concept and typology of forms / species. Zakon ...

... New Haven, London: Yale University Press. Baumgarten, A., 1773. Acroasis logica. 2nd ed. Halle: Hemmerde. Beck, L. W., 1955. Can Kant’s Synthetic Judgments Be Made Analytic? Kant-Studien, 47(1-4), pp. 168-181. Beck, L. W., 1956. Kant’s Theory of Definition. The Philosophical Review, 65(2), pp. 179-191. Beth, E. W., 1956. Über Lockes “Allgemeines Dreieck”. Kant-Studien, 48, pp. 361-380. Brittan, G., 2020. Continuity, Constructibility, and Intuitivity. In: C. J. Posy and O. Rechter, ed. 2020....

... chronopuncture, chronometric and chronological markers and highlights their functions in the text. The lexical means of chronopuncture, indicating the specific time of the event, dominate in the text structure. These lexical means include indefinite, relatively definite and absolutely definite chronopuncture markers, which help the readers to orient themselves in the temporal continuum of the narrative text. 1. Арутюнова Н. Д. Время: модели и метафоры // Логический анализ ...

This article provides a detailed definition of cultural identity – a modality and an essential component of identity and its types. To this end, the study differentiates between the notions of individual and collective cultural identities as phenomena of individual and collective consciousness....

This article examines the motivation theories underlying the definition analysis. The problem of formulating the scientific notion of “students’ professional motivation” is presented with the help of the analysis of author’s definitions of students’ professional motivation. The author offers schemes of ...

... The purpose of the study is to reveal the specifics of the phenomenon of geopolitical security of the Russian Federation and some ways to ensure it. The author employs systematic, comparative and phenomenological research methods. The author suggests definition of the “geopolitical security” concept as such a state of security of the geopolitical space of society from threats and vulnerabilities that it can ensure the unhindered survival and development of this very society. It is argued that ...

This article considers individual issues of the civil legislation on the definition of the concept of exclusive right, its legal nature, the definition of its place among civil rights objects, and the possibilities of its use in civil circulation in the framework of various transactions and enforced collection. 1. Гражданский ...

This article is dedicated to the definition of the concept of voluntary renunciation of criminal purpose. Through analysing criminal statutes and criminal law literature, the author identifies and examines the features of voluntary renunciation of criminal purpose: objective termination ...

... standard therapy, post-MI therapy should be aimed at correcting the remodelling of blood vessels and the myocardium. It will prevent the development of delayed complications. 1. Mendis S., Thygesen K., Kuulasmaa K. et al. World Health Organization definition of myocardial infarction: 2008—09 revisio // International Journal of Epidemiology. 2011. Vol. 40. Р. 139—146. 2. Thygesen K., Alpert J. S., White H. D. Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. Universal ...

... These active surfaces, where the leap in process’s features take place, are also known as barrier zones. These zones, which were thoroughly investigated for oceans and open seas, are not examined well enough for internal seas. More over, the very definition of the «barrier zones» which is close to the definition of «water mass» in classic hydrology doesn’t always indicate their existence at all. This paper presents an attempt of applying formal methods for zoning and of comparing the results ...

This article offers a comprehensive definition of international, cross-border, and transnational clusters. The author presents a classification of international clusters of the Baltic Sea states, and identifies cross-border and transnational clusters. The paper considers the features of ...

This article analyses approaches to the definition of such categories as “scientific and technological potential” and “innovative potential” in view of their resource, structural, procedural and resultant components. The author gives a more accurate definition of the scientific and ...

... William James lectures delivered at Harvard University ). Oxford. Carlyle, Th., 1859. History of Friedrich II of Prussia: in 4 vols. 3rd ed. Vol. 2. Lon­don. Cruse, A. A., 2006. Glossary of Semantics and Pragmatics . Edinburgh. Declerck, R., 2011. The definition of epistemic modality. In: A. Patard and F. Bri­sard, eds. Cognitive Approaches to Tense, Aspect, and Epistemic Modality . Amsterdam; Phi­ladelphia, pp. 21—44, https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.29.05dec . Demyankov, V. Z., 2022a. Semantic reduplication ...

This article provides a brief overview of key aspects of discourse studies, addressing the definition and typology of discourse, as well as the difference between the terms “text” and “discourse.” The historical background and contemporary approaches to the study of ecological discourse were examined, and its place within general discourse ...

... domain of “culture”. This duality of the object of analysis gives rise to persistent terminological difficulties, which surface in Aris­totle’s treatment of the relationship between sign and symbol, in Charles S. Peirce and Roman Jakobson’s definitions and exemplifications of the sign-index, and in Roland Barthes’s theo­ry of connotation. These two dimensions of sign activity receive a macrosemiotic interpreta­tion in Yuri Lotman’s concept of the “system” and, more particularly,...

... territory. The study showed that depressed territories were formed under the leading role of economic factors (economic crises, reforms), while they are not able to independently get out of the current situation without targeted state support. Such similar definitions as “marginal territory” and “marginalization”, “periphery” and “peripheralization”, “abandoned places”, “polarization” are analyzed. The author, based on domestic and foreign works, as well as personal approach, identified ...

... one hand, the representation by the Order its own status as a collective ruler, and from the other hand, symbolic expression of the loyalty of Old Prussians in various spheres of social communication: language, onomastic, objects of material culture. Definition of the ways to express loyalty that is the purpose of the article allows to characterize the comprehension of Old Prussians their own status in new political conditions. For this purpose by the using of the old comparative-historical, typological ...

... combinations в потоке + Genitive and быть в потоке in the modern Russian speech. The research relies on component and contextual analysis. The work explicates the connotative semes of the noun поток, which are presented in its dictionary definitions; connotative semes that are actualized when using combinations в потоке + Genitive and быть в потоке in specific types of contexts are identified and analyzed on the data from the National Corpus of the Russian language. ...

... conditional probability function, and inverse trajectories were considered to analyze the data and identify emission sources. The average concentration of NOx and SO2 for the study period was 2.12 µg/m3 and 0.27 µg/m3, respectively. The results showed a definite pattern for daily and monthly varia­tions, with peaks in the morning hours and at the beginning and end of the year (January and December, respectively). The main identified sources of NOx and SO2 emissions were located south of the monitoring ...

... of sabotage. Based on the analysis of the provision stipulated in Article 281.1 of the Criminal Code, a new version is proposed, which includes the separation of preparatory and auxiliary actions into different parts of the article, as well as a new definition of financing sabotage activities. 1. Абисова К. С. О несистемности законодательства в сфере противодействия террористической деятельности // Философия ...

... richness of phraseological units containing kinship terms, elucidates the cultural connotations embedded within them and highlights usage trends, including individual variations in how native speakers interpret such expressions. A comparison of dictionary definitions and usage contexts made it possible to identify four types of connections between the meaning of a family relationship term and the idiomatic meaning of a phraseological unit: the preservation of the semantics of consanguinity in the meaning ...