Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... sanctions and countersanctions are expanding worldwide, posing spatially heterogeneous threats to most countries. The study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing regional exposure to sanctions risks using Russian data. The share of foreign trade with the countries that introduced restrictions can be used to evaluate the exposure to new trade barriers. In several cases, this share exceeded 50 %, necessitating a rapid reorientation of product flows in Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Areas,...
Trade Liberalisation and its Impact on Regional Development: Theoretical and Experimental Studies
The existing theoretical and empirical literature focusing on interconnections between international trade, trade liberalisation, and economic development provides ample evidence pertaining to nations and industries. However, another dimension of trade liberalisation — the assessment of the level of national or regional development — needs further ...
The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
... geo-economic changes. The article aims to assess the dynamics, level, structure and pace of economic development of three Russian regions located on the Baltic Sea (St. Petersburg, Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions) and analyse the intensity of their trade relations with countries of the macro-region. Russian Baltic regions have higher development rates compared to the national average. However, they experience difficulties in their economic development resulting from negative external factors. The ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... alongside their economic security. Another focus is on foreign policy and a geopolitical typology of the Baltic region states. The article investigates the impact of a changed geopolitical landscape on cross-border cooperation, the restructuring of foreign trade relations in Russia’s three Baltic regions, and the geopolitical and military factors influencing the development and security of these territories. Based on the findings, several suggestions are provided to promote the ongoing growth of Russia’s ...
Analysing the dynamics of the Baltic States’s production linkages with Russia
Russia and the Baltic States have a long-standing relationship of industrial specialisation, cooperation, division of labour and trade exchange, all dating back to the Soviet Union. Today, this relationship is facing a tough test amid political and ideological challenges and risks. The last two years have seen a profound and large-scale crisis caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic....
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... environment may slow down the development of some industries (and even cause them to decline) and give a boost to others, with these two processes constituting economic restructuring. In the exclave of Kaliningrad, heavily dependent on international trade and transit trade with mainland Russia, geopolitical changes have naturally had an exceptionally strong effect. The relationship between border functions and economic restructuring was investigated over four periods. The study utilised data from ...
Transformation of global value chains in Russia and the Baltics amid Covid-19: prospects for regionalization and implications for economic policy
Although Russia and the Baltics have historically been economic partners, the economic relations between them are tense today. Nearly stagnating bilateral trade contributes little to the development of either side. The Baltics-Russian bilateral trade conducted within global value chains (GVC) and operations of multinational companies is much more resistant to geopolitical and economic shocks than traditional ...
Competitive effects of low trade barriers: evaluations for the Kaliningrad region
International trade is an important factor affecting competition in domestic markets. Considering the vastness of Russian territory, one can expect the pro-competitive effect to vary from region to region. This analysis tests the hypothesis that the unique geographical ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
...
Cooperation with Europe as the main priority of Russia’s post-Soviet foreign economic policy
. During the 25—30 years preceding the current geopolitical crisis, the European direction was the main priority of Russian foreign economic and foreign trade policy [1], [2].
The majority of Russian exports went to European countries. In the period from 2011 to 2014, the share of 37 European countries in the total Russian commodity exports was 53—55 %. After the launch of the first wave of anti-Russian ...
Trends in the development of cross-border trade in the Russian-Finnish borderlands
This article considers the development of cross-border trade and tourism in the Russian- Finnish borderlands in the 19th/21st centuries. We describe the evolution of cross-border trade in the Russian-Finnish borderlands at different stages of the territory’s development. The patterns of cross-border trade ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... introduction of digital technologies may have a positive impact not only on intraregional socio-economic processes but also on improving connectivity for border areas with the main territory of the country. It can also enhance their role in international trade, including increasing the efficiency and safety of border and customs control services. A comprehensive utilization of the digital potential in border regions encompasses the development of both fibre-optic networks and wireless cellular and satellite ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... and the policy of stores and retailers [2], [3].
Russia’s restrictions on the import of agricultural produce and food products from some Western countries introduced in 2014 impacted all food market participants — from producers and processors to trade organizations. These changes affected the consumer whose usual food preferences had to transform. The Kaliningrad region as an import-dependent region in terms of food faced a radical market restructuring. In addition, in the Russian exclave, ...
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
..., there are significant differences between regions, requiring a regional decomposition of the national goal. This requires a deeper analysis of the underlying factors of Internet diffusion.
In 2022, amid breaking global production chains, worsening trade relations and other restrictions, the role of digital technologies is increasing in Russia. Online stores (for example, Ozon, Wildberries, Yandex.Market, etc.) have become more popular, providing the import of goods (including parallel imports) ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... the Russian Baltic exclave, whilst the state saddled itself with ensuring the region’s self-sufficiency as regards natural gas, electricity, and food products [12].
After the EU imposed sanctions against Russia in 2014, Russian—(Western) European trade dwindled. This reduction occurred mostly in terms of physical volumes. In terms of value, as the RIA Novosti agency reports with a reference to Eurostat data, 2002 saw an increase in Russian—European trade by 2.3 %<5> due to the growing ...
Geographical structure and dynamics of foreign trade relations of the Republic of Crimea with the border countries and economic security issues
The status of the Republic of Crimea as a new border region of Russia prioritizes the study of the region's foreign economic relations. The article focuses on general and particular foreign trade indicators of the Republic of Crimea while ensuring economic security of the region. The author analyzes the features of the post-Soviet export-import operations dynamics in the Crimean border region considering the changes in the scale of foreign ...
Country Competitiveness: an Empirical Study
... conditions have proven important for economic success throughout history. Individual competitiveness and business competitiveness are commonly talked about. The author analyses the overall economic competitiveness of countries. The author argues that trade is subject to various factors, including entrepreneurship and economic openness. Competitiveness is analysed in this current research, using IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook data for 55 countries in the estimation sample. This unique research ...
The impact of Russia’s counter-sanctions on Lithuania’s foreign economic activities
This article explores Russian-Lithuanian trade relations under the EU sanctions against Russia and Russian counter-sanctions. The authors identify changes in the structure of foreign economic activities and examine the main trends, features and problems of trade. The authors analyse transformations ...
The role of International trade in improving the competitiveness of Saint Petersburg
This article aims to explore the prospects for the development of international trade and the impact of trade on increasing competitiveness of Saint Petersburg. To this end, the authors study the theoretical aspects of regional competitiveness as such, analyse the ten years’ data on the city’s international trade, and explore ...
Global value chains in the age of uncertainty: advantages, vulnerabilities, and ways for enhancing resilience
... for enhancing their adaptability to the increased uncertainty at both conceptual and policy levels. We consider the concept and a typical multi-structural model of GVCs, highlighting the network complexity of the system of distributed production and trade in value added. Not only does this system bring competitive advantages to GVC partner countries, but also it entails risks of cascading production disruptions. We examine these risks by analysing the ripple effect of supply disruptions in GVCs when ...
An Attempt to the economic and geographical analysis of the differentiation of the Russian Federation subjects on of the level and dynamics of the retail trade development
The level and dynamics of development of retail trade in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation are highly differentiated. Differentiation is influenced both by the income level of the population and by other factors, since there is no functional dependence between per capita income ...
Introducing Sectoral Models into Regional Management: An Assessment of Regulatory Impacts on the Economy
... Vargas, H. 2014, Using the Input-Output Approach to Measure Participation in GVCs: The Case of Costa Rica, Working paper prepared for the IARIW 33rd General Conference Rotterdam, The Netherlands, August 24—30, available at:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/trade/events/2014/mexico/documents/session3/Session%204C%20-%20Bullon%20P...
. (accessed 29.09.2016).
22. Fedorov, G. M., Korneevets, V. S., Tarasov, I. N., Chasovskiy, V. I. 2015, Russia among the countries of the Baltic region, International Journal ...
Local border traffic and the development of retail trade in the Kaliningrad region and Polish borderlands
... practical significance for the development of research and cultural contacts, cooperation between municipalities and NGOs of the Kaliningrad region and the borderland (Pomeranian and Warmian-Masurian) voivodeships of Poland. When considering retail trade as a structural element of economy, it is important to address the differences in the effect LBT has had on the development of this sector in the Kaliningrad region and the neighbouring Polish voivodeships. According to Russian experts, LBT results ...
On the establishment and early activity of the Soviet consulate in Königsberg (1923—1925)
.... The author considers the adverse political conditions under which Soviet diplomats were compelled to operate in Germany. The conclusion is that the principal line of Yu. S. Boshkovich’s activity concerned preparations for the opening of the USSR trade mission in Königsberg, as well as ensuring strong representation of Soviet foreign trade associations at the Eastern Fair.
1. Ustav konsul'skij [Consular Charter], 1903, Svod zakonov Rossijskoj imperii [Code of Laws of the Russian Empire], Saint ...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... Arctic). In this context, the analysis and evaluation of port activities as a vital component of the transport and logistics system hold strategic importance for regional development and the nation as a whole. Maritime ports play a pivotal role in global trade, which is an integral aspect of globalization and the establishment of regional trade agreements [7]. In addition to considering purely economic aspects in the analysis of port activities, it is important to take into account a whole range of additional ...
Ports of Eastern Baltic and Russian transit policy: competition and cooperation
... The study concludes that, in the immediate future, this strategy can be employed only in cases of extraordinary circumstances, for example, at peak loads.
1. Efimova, E., Vroblevskaya, S. 2019, Are Eastern Baltic Ports the drivers of Eurasian trade? International Journal of Management and Economics, vol. 55, no. 3, p. 1—14. doi: doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2019-0014.
2. Kholopov, K. V., Rarovskiy, P. E. 2019, Russian market of international container transit in 2019 and its prospects, Rossiiskii ...
The role of trade and economic factors in English-Russian relations of the second half the of the 19th/beginning of the 20th century
... state-to-state relations in the second half of the 19th/ beginning of the 20th century are distinguished by complex character and dramatic shifts from cooperation to confrontation and vice versa. Different circumstances and factors, including the level of trade and economic contacts, affected the condition of English-Russian relations. The author analyses the principal stages of the evolution of trade and economic contacts between Great Britain and Russia from the Crimean war to the agreement of 1907 and ...
Motivations of Russian firms to invest abroad: how do sanctions affect Russia’s outward foreign direct investment?
... (accessed 15.03.2015).
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8. Vneshnjaja torgovlja Rossijskoj Federacii po osnovnym stranam za janvar'- maj 2015 g. [Foreign Trade of the Russian Federation on the main countries in January-May 2015], 2015, Customs Russia, available at: www.customs.ru (accessed 14.05.2015).
9. Devinney, T. M., Midgley, D. F., Venaik, S. 2002, Managerial Beliefs, Market Contestability and Dominant ...
Commodity flow model for an exclave region: Rent-seeking in the ‘transitional period’ of the special economic zone
... no. 19.
3. Gareev, T. 2013, The Special economic zone in the Kaliningrad region: development tool or institutional trap? Baltic Journal of Economics, no. 2.
4. Harrigan, F., McGilvray, J. W., McNicoll, I. H. 1981, The Estimation of Interregional Trade Flows, Journal of Regional Science, no. 21(1), p. 65—78.
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6....
Amber as an economic and cultural phenomenon in the history of the Aesti and Prussians
This article emphasises that, in the history of the early Balts (the Aesti and Prussians), amber was a principal means of trade that was exchanged for necessary goods from Europe. In these conditions, amber played a dual role: on the one hand, it stimulated trade connections between the Balts and other peoples, on the other hand, it decelerated their own cultural and technological ...
Current problems in Russian-Latvian relations
... in its relations with Russia. Today, relations between the two countries are often viewed through the prism of EU — Russia relations. Nonetheless, they often do not fit this context. Settling differences between Latvia and Russia will contribute to trade relations, which are increasingly important for both parties. In order to prevent and localise emerging conflicts, diplomats, politicians, and experts should interpret Russian-Latvian relations in view of the national features without referring ...
The openness of the Russian economy: tendencies and international comparison
... Russian economy. It demonstrates that the openness indicators used in the Concept of Long-term Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation differ from those employed by international organisations. The paper examines the intensity of Russian trade in terms of its gross domestic product and the relatively high barriers in relation to import penetration in Russia. Methodological differences determine the differences in the analysis results.
1. Gosudarstvennyj komitet Rossijskoj Federacii po ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... military-political and geo-economic division, with territories aligning with NATO/Warsaw Pact or EU/Comecon. During this period, the Baltic region had a paramount geoeconomic role for the USSR: the share of the region’s countries in the bilateral trade of the Union amounted to 29 %. Although Poland and East Germany accounted for most of this percentage, West Germany and Finland were also notable trade partners [17, p. 19].
The Belovezha era (from the late 1980s / early 1990s to the present) is ...
The ‘Route from the Varangians to the Greeks’: truth or fiction
The ‘route from the Varangians to the Greeks’ is widely known and often mentioned in research, popular science and educational literature. Much less often is it mentioned that the existence of the trade route is seriously doubted and needs additional evidence. The discussion about the actuality of a ‘route from the Varangians to the Greeks’ has intensified in the recent decade; it mostly involves historians who draw on chronicles, archive materials ...
Trade in the Kaliningrad region: methods of evaluation
The article suggests a new methodological approach to assessing business activity in retail trade in the Kaliningrad region. The authors present a methodology for calculating the regional index of business activity in retail trade, taking into account the specificity of the Kaliningrad region. Indicators of retail business activity in the region ...
Fishing in Novgorod and Pskov Governorates and the related trades (the second half of the 19th/the beginning of the 20th centuries)
This article uses published sources and literature to study the condition of peasant fishing trade in Novgorod and Pskov Governorates in the second half of the 19th/the beginning of the 20th centuries. The work focuses on analyzing the role of fishing trade in the peasant agriculture. The article describes the socioeconomic and environmental ...
The development of mutual external commerce of the Baltic Sea region countries as a sign of integration processes in the Baltic Sea Region
.... Канта, 2008.
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Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... on the common historical past and strong economic and political ties. In 2022, the European Commission stopped cross-border cooperation programmes with Russia and Belarus, and, later on, Finland froze intergovernmental and interdepartmental contacts, trade and economic cooperation between the countries, as well as projects in science, education, culture, and sport. However, the system of paradiplomacy that has developed between Russia and the EU, and in particular, Finland, is a vivid example of positive ...
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... potential [9]. The Soviet cities of Leningrad (today, St. Petersburg) and Kaliningrad followed this model as well. The strength of this approach is that it linked the process of agglomeration as linked to globalisation and the development of international trade. These approaches were employed by Paul Krugman [10]. Yet, his new economic geography, which won him a Nobel Prize, has at its core economic effects produced without continuous extensive spatial growth.
The tenets of new economic geography may be ...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
... damage suffered by Russian regions [3]. Similar results have been reported for the Kaliningrad region by Larisa Yemelyanova and Anna Lyalina [4]. At the same time, a regional specialisation in medical supply manufacturing gave an impetus to international trade [5].
The data collected nationwide require refinement, which, for some regions has been carried out by local researchers [6], [7], [8]. Little effort has been made so far to analyse the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across Russian macro-regions....
Spatial organisation of the new forms of e-grocery and ready-made food trade in a large Russian city
This work aims to identify fundamentally new features in the spatial organization of e-grocery and ready-made food trade in a Russian city, distinct from those typical of traditional food retail enterprises. Focusing on St Petersburg, the article describes the emergence of a completely different system of requirements imposed by new forms of online food retail in ...
The External Economic Factor in the Development of Northwestern Regions: Institutional Support and an Impact Assessment
... exports. The study aims to reveal the connection between the federal district’s external and internal economic development and to identify the extent to which institutional support for international economic cooperation facilitates brisk international trade. The authors consider international trade from the perspective of its procedural and institutional components. The study stresses dependence between the total international trade and internal economic performance of Russia’s North-West. Another ...
Interregional and cross-country flows of labor resources in the Kaliningrad region: factors and vectors in the contemporary Eurasian context
... последствий трудовой миграции для принимающей мигрантов территории // Региональные исследования. 2016. № 2 (52). С. 66—71.
7. Ghatak S., Pop-Silaghi M. I., Daly V. Trade and migration flows between some CEE countries and the UK // Journal of International Trade & Economic Development. 2009. Vol. 18. P. 61—78.
8. White R. Immigrant-trade links, transplanted home bias and network effects // Applied Economics. 2007....
Trends in cross-border cooperation between Russian and Belarusian regions
This article deals with the possible areas of cross-border cooperation between Russian and Belarussian regions. The author identifies the main results of cooperation between the countries in trade, transport, science, and social relations. The article proposes four possible scenarios of cooperation, which can ensure a rational use of the regions’ potentials.
1. Альметова З. В., Подрядова Т. Е., Шеремет А....
Foreign trade of the Kaliningrad region: major trends
The author exposes major trends of foreign trade development in the Kaliningrad region in new geopolitical situation, basic features of exports and imports in the exclave region.
1.
Внешнеэкономическая
деятельность предприятий и организаций ...
On the international cooperation of North-West Russia in the field of innovations in the Baltic
... September 2012).
3. Interv'ju Torgovogo predstavitelja Rossii v Finljandii Valerija Shljamina informacionnomu agentstvu ITAR-TASS [Interv'ju Torgovogo predstavitelja Rossii v Finljandii Valerija Shljamina informacionnomu agentstvu ITAR-TASS], 2011, The Trade Representation of the Russian Federation in Finland, February, available at: http://www. rusfintrade. ru/site/article/1285 (accessed 07 September 2012).
4. Torgovye predstavitel'stva: Norvegija [Trade missions Norway], Informacionnaja sistema torgovyh ...
The historical aspects and current issues of the development of Russian-Lithuanian economic relations
... polveka novoj epohi [Lithuania for half a century of a new era], Vilnius, Mintis.
9. Kazhdan, V. М. 1970, Vneshnjaja torgovlja burzhuaznoj Litvy (1920—40 gg.) i uchastie Litovskoj SSR vo vneshnej torgovle Sovetskogo Sojuza (1960—68 gg.). [Foreign trade of bourgeois Lithuania (1920—40 gg.) And the participation of the Lithuanian SSR in the foreign trade of the Soviet Union (1960—68)], the author's abstract of the dissertation, Moscow.
10. Pokazateli sostojanija otdel'nyh otraslej narodnogo ...
Foreign economic activity of Saint Petersburg, the Leningrad Region, and the Republic of Karelia: problems and opportunities for development
... cooperation in adjacent areas. Specifically, we focus our attention on the cluster of regions formed by the city of St. Petersburg, the Leningrad region and the Republic of Karelia. All three areas face a number of challenges when it comes to international trade: challenges that are shared and that require strategic coordinated solutions from regional decisionmakers. One of such solutions, for example, could require pooling of competitive advantages of these areas. The analysis of strategic documents of ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
...
2.7
0.1
Compiled based on Rosstat data<1>.
Since 2015, the major providers of the GRP growth observed in the NWFD have been manufacturing (Vologda, Murmansk, Leningrad, Novgorod regions), mining (the Republic of Karelia), wholesale and retail trade (St. Petersburg)<2>. There is no doubt that human capital is a principal contributor to economic growth, while its formation and development depend on the performance of higher education institutions. Thus, assessing their performance is a ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... [36], [37], this article adds value by providing a more in-depth understanding of the overall situation in the regions of North-West Russia.
An important aspect highlighted in this research is the higher dependence of these regions on international trade relations [38], particularly with European states that are currently referred to as unfriendly to Russia. Consequently, the situation in the North-West in 2022 was notably challenging.
Materials and Methods
The analysis of economic development ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... compass’ and the emergence of a more independent EU capable of assuming greater responsibility for security and stability in neighbouring regions. The strategy placed emphasis on the regulatory and normative power of the EU, its influence on global trade and climate policy and the need to ensure the resilience of supply chains. The question of enhancing the EU defence capability is discussed mainly in the context of the interests of Danish companies. The text of the strategy reads: ‘Denmark must ...