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... difficult process accompanied by both political and economic conflicts. The third party in the negotiation process was represented by Germany and the USA. This article sets out to identify the role of the USA and Germany in the restoration of Baltic independence. Historicism and objectivity principles serve as the methodological framework for the research. The regional approach was applied in order to integrate the features of regional development into the overall picture of world politics. The scientific ...

This article explores the parallels between the Lithuanian movements for national independence in 1917—1920 and 1988—1991 as analyzed in the Anglo-American historiography of the first half of the 1990s. Such scholars as A. Lieven and other authors characterize some main similarities and differences between those movements. These ...

The role of the ethnic factor in political processes in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia has been rather significant since these countries’ independence. The author investigates the assumption that after the completion of major Eurointegration procedures, the ethnic factor — which became especially important in the Baltics after independence — relegated to the periphery of political life....

The article analyses the possibilities of using procedural texts for the formation and assessment of the functional literacy of elementary school students on the basis of an independent assessment of the results of primary education within the framework of the PSHPU Quality Cluster project. This study relies on the method of comparative analysis of Russian and foreign scientific sources, the principle of unity of historical ...

... Greek cause was highly significant and encouraged public opinion and the governments of European countries to intercede for the Greeks. In turn, diplomatic assistance from European powers played the major success role for the revolution and Greece's independence. 1. Арш Г. Л. Россия и борьба Греции за освобождение: от Екатерины II до Николая I. Очерки. М., 2013. 2. Арш Г. Л. Тайное общество «Филики Этерия»: ...

The article considers the steps taken by Lithuania towards gaining energy independence in the interbellum and the Soviet periods. The author analyses the peculiarities of the republic's energy policy after achieving independence in the early 1990s and estimates the methods of diversifying energy supply in Lithuania. 1.         ...

... considers the events of the 1930—1940s in the Baltics. The authors analyse changes in the political systems and international priorities of the ruling elites of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The influence of domestic factors on solving the problem of independence preservation in the conditions of world war is identified. 1. Anušauskas A. Teroras ir nusikaltimai žmoniškumui. Pirmoji sovietinė okupacija. Terror and Crimes against Humanity. The First Soviet Occupation. Vilnius, 2006. 2. Biezais ...

This article presents a historiographical review of the restoration of Lithuanian independence in the 1980s-early 1990s and the establishment of Lithuania-Russian interstate relations in the early post-Soviet years. The topic of the article serves as a context for the analysis of the sources and general trends characteristic of Russian ...

This article deals with the issue of the food supply problems on the territory of the Novgorod land in the 11th-16th centuries. Despite permanent bread budget deficit, Veliky Novgorod managed to maintain political and economic independence and avoid purchasing significant amounts of grain. The reconstruction of a budget of a peasant agricultural farm shows that, in the then conditions, it could not rest solely on own-grown corn and livestock products in the Novgorod land. For ...

This article examines the underexplored concept of thymiologic modality, which refers to the characterization of an object based on the degree of its significance. This modality is ana­lyzed both as an independent entity and as a component of axiological modality, representing a higher or lower degree of relevance or significance. Thymiologic modality is explored through emotional reactions to perceived information. Surprise and indifference are considered ...

... com­pliment linked to the gender and age of the interlocutor. Particular attention is paid to the concepts of speech act and speech genre and the applicability of these notions in analysing the speech act of compliment. When considering a compliment as an independent act, the con­cepts of 'speech act' and 'speech genre' serve as synonyms. When a compliment is part of a complex utterance consisting of several different speech acts, 'speech act' and 'speech genre' refer to disparate concepts. This article ...

... It’s Tartt —But Is It Art? // Vanity Fair. 2014. June 30. URL: http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2014/07/goldfinch-donna-tartt-literary-criticism (дата обращения: 06.01.2016). 20. Tonkin B. Book review: The Goldfinch, By Donna Tartt // Independent. 2013. 18 Oct. URL: http://www.independent.co.uk/artsentertainment/books/reviews/book-review-the-goldfinch-by-donna-tart... (дата обращения: 06.01.2016). Ischenko E., Popova M. ekphrasis, D. Tartt, «The Goldfinch», artistic ...

... использова­ния. М., 2002. 6.  Минкина В. Информационная культура и способность к рефлек­сии // Высшее образование. 1995. №   4. Kochanovskaya Ye. V., Zhadobko Ye. B. cognitive independence, competence, interactive, computer, testing, presentation, Kaliningrad State Technical University. 67-72

The army has traditionally played a prominent role in Sudan’s socioeconomic and political life. The events of April 2023 once again confirmed the country’s failure to establish stable political institutions since gaining independence. This study aims to examine the historical prerequisites and conditions that led Sudan into civil war and a humanitarian crisis, ultimately resulting in the degradation and collapse of the state. The article concludes that the armed forces ...

..., believing that armed conflicts would lead to the disappearance of the Polish nation. Despite this, they held great respect for the participants of the January Uprising, simultaneously realizing the futility of armed methods in the struggle for the independence of Poland. In addition to criticizing the Polish liberation movement, Warsaw positivists negatively assessed representatives of the conservative Polish aristocracy who continued to live in the past, romanticizing Polish uprisings and their ...

... politics, becoming one of the “founding fathers” of the Polish state, which revived in 1918. The article attempts to identify Paderewski's views on the borders and foreign policy of Poland, to assess his contribution to the process of restoring its independence. The views and activities of Paderewski are studied in published political manifestos, diplomatic correspondence, publicist articles written by Paderewski, as well as his public speeches and interviews and memoirs. The study identified and ...

... Comparative party system analysis in Central and Eastern Europe: the case of the Baltic states // Studies of transition states and societies. Vol. 3, iss. 3. 3. Симонян Р. Х. Россия и страны Балтии. М., 2009. 4. Lithuania’s independence: the litmus test for democracy in the U. S.S. R. // Lithuanian quarterly journal of arts and sciences. 1991. Vol. 37, № 3. 5. Крупавичюс А. Партии и партийные системы в Балтийских государствах ...

... identifies the problems of formation of local budget revenues. The author described the methods to improve budgetary policy, which could level the differences in economic and social development of municipalities and solve the problem of stability and independence of local budgets. 1. Об областном бюджете на 2010 год и плановый 2011 и 2012 годы : закон Калининградской области № 402 от 21.12.2009. [Электронный ресурс]....

... направления политики повышения энергоэффективности и План действий на 2008—2012 гг. для Калининградской области. TACIS —Technical Assistance for the Commonwealth of Independent States (Техническая помощь Содружеству Независимых Государств). URL: www.tacisinfo.ru (дата обращения: 13.11.2013) 13. Рагузина Г.А. Потенциал, рентабельность ...

... federal districts helps analyse the standing of large cities serving as “growth poles” identified with the help of two methodologies. The article offers a geographical analysis of three aspects of financial standing of municipalities: financial independence, social orientation, territorial equity. The dynamic of development and financial standing are compared in order to identify the role of budgets in the development of cities (stimulating and inhibiting ones). 1. Martin P., Ottaviano G. Growth ...

This article considers H.-G. Gadamer’s hermeneutics in the context of Kant’s aesthetic theory laid down in the Critique of Judgement. Kant facilitated the development of aesthetics as an independent science, for the first time addressing the problem of the cognising and perceiving subject. Gadamer, a prominent 20th century philosopher, builds his aesthetic concept based on Kant’s theory. However, their theories differ in some aspects....

... forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understanding of others.In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the re¬quirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, although ...

... forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understandingof others. In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the requirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, although Kant ...

... Affairs of Russia S. Lavrov for the BBC, Moscow, March 7. 13. Rossija i Pribaltika: doklad Soveta po vneshnej i oboronnoj politike [Russia and the Baltic States: Report of the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy], 1997, Nezavisimaja gazeta [The Independent newspaper], October 28. 14. Rossija i Pribaltika II: doklad Soveta po vneshnej i oboronnoj politike [Russia and the Baltic II: Report of the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy], 1999, Nezavisimaja gazeta [The Independent newspaper], October ...

..., and application of nuclear power. In the Baltic States, nuclear power dates back to the Soviet times, but its development was suspended pursuant to the EU regulations (the Ignalina NPP). Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia have been striving for energy independence from Russia — the principal supplier of energy carriers to these countries. For a long time, the three Baltic States have been proclaiming their unanimity on the general European path of development. However, the reality proved to be different....

... 346—359. 14. Lukin, V. 2008, Russia’s Global Role and European Identity, Russia in Global Affairs, no. 1, available at: http://eng. globalaffairs. ru/number/n_10352 (accessed 3 March 2011). 15. PA, 2012, David Cameron to fight prison voting plan, The Independent, 23 May, available at: http://www. independent. co. uk/news/uk/politics/david-cameron-tofight-prison-voting-plan-7781521.html (accessed 17 June 2012). 16. Parfitt, T. 2012, European Court of Human Rights reforms could have 'devastating' effect ...

... the basis of the methodological structure of the so-called Stanford model developed by G. Almond and P. Bourdieu's theory of capital. This article reconstructs the course of political changes in the Republic of Lithuania at the initial stage of its independence, in the framework of which the key role was played by «moral politicians», most of whom subsequently retired from politics. Focusing on the situation in Lithuania, this research sets out to show the continuous dependence of today's policies ...

This article analyses the factors of the development of the Kaliningrad region. Expanding G. M. Fedorov’s complex analysis, the author identifies a new independent class of factors (aderoid factors) that have a significant impact on the regional development and are subject to an independent study. The analysis of aderoid factors makes it possible to create a management system that would change the sign ...