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The concept of appearance within the framework of the transcendental distinction between “appearance” and “thing in itself” is the cornerstone of Kant’s transcendental philosophy. However, its conceptual status seems largely uncertain. This uncertainty is ...

This study aims, first, to delimit the seemingly synonymous concepts of “phenomenon” and “appearance” and second, to trace the functions of each in Kant’s philosophy and the phenomenological tradition. The analy­sis is based on Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and the central works of Edmund Husserl and Eugen Fink. Kant does ...

This article analyses the features of Kant’s [transcendental] philosophy, which Kant himself described as transcendental idealism. On the one hand, Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the distinction between things-in-themselves and appearances. On the other hand, our method of cognition is representative in that is based on representations — subjective and objective (objectual) ones. A synthesis of the above considerations suggests that Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the ...

This is a report of the international workshop «Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy 2: Kant’s Appearance, Its Ontological and Epistemic Status» (April 27—29, 2017, Moscow), the tasks of which was (1) to discuss the specificity of transcendental idealism, (2) to study the nature of one of Kant’s important concepts — that of appearance — ...

Kant’s solution for the problem of freedom of the will rests on his transcendental idealism and its differentiation of appearances and things in themselves. Human beings, with their bodies and observable inner and outer activities, are objects of perception (empirical intuition) and therefore appearances. These are only the appearances of their noumenal selves. Human ...

... 300th anniversary of the philosopher Immanuel Kant’s birth, efforts are underway to digitally reconstruct the long-lost historical landscape of Königsberg, the birthplace of the ‘Prussian sage’. This article aims to recreate the architectural appearance of Altstädtischer Markt — the market street in the Old Town (Altstadt), one of the city’s districts. Three-dimensional models of the 18th-century public and residential buildings were constructed using surviving images of the market street-square ...

In his book Appearance and Sense Gustav Shpet, comparing Immanuel Kant’s transcendental logic with the traditional probleтs of the philosophy of language, thought it appropriate and conceptually effective to turn to the medieval scholastic debate on universals....

... Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mikhailov, I. A., 2024. Kantian and Anti-Kantian Philosophy of Language. Kantian Journal, 43(3), pp. 47-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2024-3-4 Motroshilova, N. V., 2006. Gustav Shpet’s Work “Appearance and Sense” as a Milestone in the Development of Russian Phenomenology. History of Philosophy Yearbook 2006, pp. 294-305. Moscow: Nauka. (In Rus.) Nieraad, J., 1970. Abbildtheorie. In: J. Ritter, ed. 1970. Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie....

... example of free reference is a comparison of the events of the recent past with an episode from Abraham’s life. Examples of formulaic references include cases like "Abraham bosom", "children of Abraham", where Abraham not only appears as a forefather of the sacred people, but also personifies the afterlife. The name of Abraham is described in the historical chronology, in which the prophet appears as the emblem of time or a genus. Depending on the context, the formulaic and ...

This article combines two approaches to the analysis of the appearance and territorial structure of Kaliningrad. One approach is based on the field study, the other — on the examination of documents. The former helped define a number of integral regions that were later considered from a historical point of view ...

... English-language video games. The relevant term “grifonym” is introduced for these nominations, proposed to denote quasi-anthroponyms of beings with a high degree of fictionality, possessing a one- or multi-component structural composition and relating to the appearance, unique characteristics, social role, activities, and origin of a fantasy character endowed with certain anthropomorphic traits. Considering the nature of the activities of grifonym bearers, it is established that, in addition to the universal ...

... article aims to interpret the images of the red horse and the white poodle featured in Victor Sosnora’s poem The Latvian Ballad. These characters, mentioned in the final verses of each odd-numbered stanza, provide the leitmotif of the poem. Their appearance in the fictional world of The Latvian Ballad constitutes the primary event of the text. The title, indicating the genre and setting a national or local context, also significantly influences the meanings attributed to the red horse and the ...

... Philosophy in Russia]. Kaliningrad: IKBFU Press. (In Rus.) Luft, S., 2005. Cassirer’s Philosophy of Symbolic Forms: Between Reason and Relativism. A Critical Appraisal. Idealistic Studies, 34, pp. 25-47. Motroshilova, N. V., 2006. Gustav Shpet’s Work “Appearance and Sense” as a Milestone in the Development of Russian Phenomenology. History of Philosophy Yearbook, 1, pp. 294-305. (In Rus.) Povilaitis, V. I., 2011. [Book Review] Krouglov A. N. Kant’s Philosophy in Russia at the End of the 18th Century....

... basis of two French-language novels at the turn of the 14th—15th centuries, and a 15th-century German translation contributed to the wide dissemination of the novel in non-Francophone Europe, primarily in the form of chapbooks. In Russia, the novel appeared in the 17th century in a translation from Polish. One of the two known translations served as the basis for a play staged in the theatre of Natalia Alexeyevna, the sister of Peter the Great. However, the book never became part of popular literature ...

... con­sidered in terms of their alchemical symbolism. This point of view makes it possible to identify the psychological function of each character as a reflection of a certain aspect of their psyche. Ovechin, whose image is dominated by the solar symbolism, appears as a projection of Ego and of momentary consciousness. Olya, who is associated with the images of the moon and air, appears as a projection of the Anima, which refers to the subconscious. The narrator and his character play the role of the conscious ...

... they are arranged by eras and cultural-ethnic factors. In this regard, it seems fruitful and justified not to build various rationalistic constructions but to take an open look at the very existence of philosophizing. From such perspectives, philosophy appears not so much a single, monolithic, and strictly ordered system as a ‘system of systems’ that are interrelated, interconnected, and reminiscent of Ludwig Wittgenstein's ‘family of language games’. Philosophy is a universal, ultimate understanding ...

... conceives of schematism as something entirely new to the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories, namely, as preparation for the use of categories as predicates in sentences known as the ‘Principles of Understanding’ referring to phaenomena (appearances in time and space) rather than the undetermined concept of objects in general. To support this interpretation, the author addresses main concepts of the schematism theory (for instance, those of schema, imagination, homogeneity, and time-determination) ...

... particularly prevalent in Silver Age lyric poetry. In Gronsky’s lyrics, music is primarily associated with ancient motifs, as well as pagan and Christian themes. The poet-singer figure is considered separately; in Gronsky’s émigré poetry, this figure appears in the archetypal images of David and Orpheus, with the former serving as a hero bridging biblical and archaic epochs, while the latter represents the pagan singer. In Gronsky’s poetry, however, both poles are united within a single Cosmos, ...

... Greek versification. For Mandelstam, ancient metrics serves as an instrument for the con­servation of time; and since time itself is conceived as a prison, the camp epigram overcomes time by enclosing it within the frame of verse. The prison motif appears in his poetry before it becomes a biographical reality. The epigram continues the poetics of the Voronezh period and thus brings evidence for its authenticity. It is not neces­sa­ry for the camp poem to be composed in the camp: orality is inscribed ...

... they understand their referential uses. These and other results indicate that infants develop the associated pairs of “name + concept” from a very early age. This clearly contradicts the generally accepted para­digm. To explain how early words appear in infants, this article introduces a hypothesis, which states the innateness of the dual structure of the referential word in infants: “the sound template of the name + the conceptual template of the meaning”, in which the name and the meaning ...

... activities of the migrants. In contrast, the results of the analysis of pottery fragments from the coastal culture at the two settlements revealed a clear similarity, which can be attributed to the use of the same clay sources. However, at Ushakovo-3, there appears to have been a stronger preference for clays from nearby deposits that, while geographically close, exhibited local differences in trace element composition, impacting the technological characteristics of the ceramics. Additionally, rare instances ...

... descriptive model of the individual committing human trafficking. Conclusions: In the Russian Federation, the detection, solvability, and prosecution of human trafficking crimes committed by organized criminal groups remain at a relatively low level. It appears that improving the specific methodology for investigating human trafficking, particularly by constructing a criminalistic model of the individual committing the crime as stipulated in Article 127.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation,...

... exploration. Monographs, dissertations and research articles reporting findings on peasant horse breeding served as sources of the study. Pre-Soviet, Soviet and modern historiographical periods are distinguished. Although the first works on the issue appeared in the pre-Soviet period, most were opinion pieces. In the Soviet period, the Marxist-Leninist ideology prompted historians to delve into the peasant economy. Yet, horse breeding by peasant farms was considered only in passing in works whose ...

... distinctive position of the commen­tator in relation to the poem, characterized by flexibility, reliance on facts, and various inter­pretational possibilities. While numerous scholarly materials have been written in the genre of literary commentary, there appears to be a limited reflection on the parameters such commen­tary should possess, the goals it should set, and the factors it should consider. This article fills this theoretical gap, demonstrating that commentary on poetry should primarily be oriented ...

... biota research in the area. Consequently, the number of known taxa in the lichen biota of the Krasnoznamensk district increased to one hundred and thirty-one species. Based on our results, further study of the lichen biota of the Krasnoznamensk district appears promising. lichens, lichen biota, indicator species, Kaliningrad Region, Baltic Region, North-Western European Russia 101-117 10.5922/vestniknat-2024-2-7

... Deleuze refers to the free coherence of the faculties as to “something third”, which gives options for reactualising Kant’s philosophy without striving to overcome it. I also provide a brief history of the issues related to Kant­ian philosophy, appearing in the works of Deleuze — from a course of lectures on the problem of grounds, given by the young Deleuze at the Lyceum Louis the Great in Paris, to his last article published in his lifetime, “Immanence: A Life”, in which Deleuze brings ...

.... Vladimira. Filosofskie issledovanija. [Proceedings of the Psychological Seminary at the University of St. Vladimir. Philosophical research]. Volume 1, 4. Kiev: tip. Imperatorskogo universiteta sv. Vladimira, pp. I-II. (In Rus.) Shpet, G. G., 1991. Appearance and Sense: Phenomenology as the Fundamental Science and Its Problems. Translated by T. Nemeth. Dordrecht, Boston & London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Shpet, G. G., 1998. Philosophy and History. Translated by I. Martin. Philosophical Writings,...

... translated text. For example, in the case of French subjunctive forms, which are grammatically mandatory in the original language, they often need to be replaced with indicative forms in the target language, such as Russian. Externally, this transformation appears as a change from expressing a possibility in one world to making a statement about the actual world. Various techniques for transforming French inserts in the original Russian text (in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace") are analyzed ...

... same period (1920—1940s), which reveal numerous points of contact. All three philosophers reject conventional translation, proposing instead to consider ordinary words as philosophical terms. Despite the fact that such an approach may make the text appear contradictory to familiar norms, the philosophers insist on the necessity of violating convention. The opposition of translation vs non-translation is related to the multilingual nature of the text, as well as to the problem of language hierarchy ...

In this paper, we study such a specific product of enigmatic discourse as a crossword puzzle. The powerful potential of this text is manifested in its ability to accumulate and translate cultural meanings and values, which explains the recent appearance of a large number of works on the study of linguistic, cultural, structural-semantic and cognitive-discursive features of the crossword language. The study of the ontological nature of the crossword, as undertaken in this research, is grounded ...

... Most of the comments by Kant scholars on the little work to date have been negative or vague. Here, the text is to be made fruitful for the development of Kant’s thought by shedding light on its historical contexts. On this basis, the little treatise appears as an important link for Kant’s early thinking. It shows how he makes ancient tradition fruitful again for the Enlightenment as a substitute for rapturous and irrational mysticism as we know it from Jacob Böhme, for example. Ackeren, M. ...

... nauka [Philosophy and Science]. Edited by T. G. Shchedrina. Moscow: ROSSPEN, pp. 5-16. (In Rus.) Shpet, G. G., 1989. Esteticheskie fragmenty [Aesthetic Fragments]. In: G. G. Shpet, 1989. Works. Moscow: Pravda, pp. 343-472. (In Rus.) Shpet, G., 1991. Appearance and Sense. Phenomenology as the Fundamental Science and Its Problems. Translated by T. Nemeth. Dordrecht & Boston & London: Kluwer. Shpet, G. G., 2005. Language and Sense. In: G. G. Shpet, 2005. Mysl’ i Slovo. Izbrannye trudy [Thought and ...

... as well as its early reception and current discussions. The conference of young scholars heard 22 papers whose content is reviewed here. Among the topics were the cultural, social and intellectual conditions in which the treatise on perpetual peace appeared, its influence on the creation of the League of Nations, the UN and the EU; intersections with twentieth-century philosophical projects were also covered. Some original interpretations were offered. Dmitrieva, N. A., ed. 2022. IV Letnyaya ...

... attributed to Dio­nysius the Areopagite from the 1st century. However, these works are unequivocally associat­ed with early medieval Eastern Christian mystical-theological thought, presumably from the turn of the 5th—6th centuries. These texts first appeared in the Slavic Orthodox area in 1370, and subsequent translations emerged at the end of the 17th century, in the 18th and 19th centuries, and, most recently, in contemporary times. The authors introduce a set of criteria that facilitate the differentiation ...

... in­vol­ved significantly narrowing the semantics of the words 'sektant' and 'baptist.' Linguistic tools such as new lexical pairs ('sectarian-Baptist,' 'fanatics and bigots,' 'subversives and villains') and linguistic markers related to colour, sound, appearance, age, and location were employed. These tools helped develop a negative image of a Protestant believer and ultimately transformed the concepts of ‘sectant’ and ‘baptist’ into political labels. Arinin, E. I., 2017. The Invasion ...