The Nature of Appearance in Kant’s Transcendentalism: A Seman- tico-Cognitive Analysis
The concept of appearance within the framework of the transcendental distinction between “appearance” and “thing in itself” is the cornerstone of Kant’s transcendental philosophy. However, its conceptual status seems largely uncertain. This uncertainty is ...
The Concepts of “Appearance” and “Phenomenon” in Transcendental Philosophy (Kant, Husserl, Fink)
This study aims, first, to delimit the seemingly synonymous concepts of “phenomenon” and “appearance” and second, to trace the functions of each in Kant’s philosophy and the phenomenological tradition. The analysis is based on Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and the central works of Edmund Husserl and Eugen Fink. Kant does ...
Kant’s appearance as an objective-objectual [gegenständlich] representation
This article analyses the features of Kant’s [transcendental] philosophy, which Kant himself described as transcendental idealism. On the one hand, Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the distinction between things-in-themselves and appearances. On the other hand, our method of cognition is representative in that is based on representations — subjective and objective (objectual) ones. A synthesis of the above considerations suggests that Kant’s transcendentalism rests on the ...
International heritage in the memorial landscape of the Kaliningrad region
... those commemorative sites that have been integrated into the regional culture of remembrance.
This article seeks to analyse the structure of places of remembrance — monuments, memorials, commemorative plaques and commemorative architecture — that appeared in what is now Kaliningrad region primarily in the pre-war and post-Soviet periods and have a symbolic meaning associated with the history and national cultures of Germany, Poland and Lithuania. Describing this symbolic meaning is another aim ...
Report of the ‘Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy 2’ International Seminar (Moscow, 27—29 April 2017)
This is a report of the international workshop «Transcendental Turn in Contemporary Philosophy 2: Kant’s Appearance, Its Ontological and Epistemic Status» (April 27—29, 2017, Moscow), the tasks of which was (1) to discuss the specificity of transcendental idealism, (2) to study the nature of one of Kant’s important concepts — that of appearance — ...
The Name of Prophet Abraham in the Old Russian Literature of XI—XIII centuries
... example of free reference is a comparison of the events of the recent past with an episode from Abraham’s life. Examples of formulaic references include cases like "Abraham bosom", "children of Abraham", where Abraham not only appears as a forefather of the sacred people, but also personifies the afterlife. The name of Abraham is described in the historical chronology, in which the prophet appears as the emblem of time or a genus. Depending on the context, the formulaic and ...
The territorial structure and appearance of Kaliningrad
This article combines two approaches to the analysis of the appearance and territorial structure of Kaliningrad. One approach is based on the field study, the other — on the examination of documents. The former helped define a number of integral regions that were later considered from a historical point of view ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... exhibit varying levels of negativity toward Russia.<7>
Nevertheless, it is essential to highlight that, in comparison to the 2022 survey, there has been a noticeable shift in attitudes toward Russia across all Baltic region countries. This shift appears to be correlated with a growing sense of fatigue among citizens, who may be experiencing increased internal economic and political challenges, leading to a reevaluation of their support for Ukraine by their respective countries.
In terms of military ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... role. It was at this juncture that Georgy Lappo [9] proposed his concept of the support framework for settlement.
A comprehensive approach to rural settlement, considered in conjunction with population replacement and advances in agriculture, first appeared in the works of Sergey Kovalev [7]. A multidimensional exploration of rural areas in line with this approach is carried out by Moscow scholars [3], [5], [11], [24], [25], etc. The core-periphery dynamics in rural areas have been studied extensively ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... significant variations across its different regions, including Northern, Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe, as well as across individual states and regions within them. The geodemographic changes in the post-socialist countries of Eastern Europe appear particularly interesting. In the 30 years since the demise of the USSR and the ‘socialist camp’ led by it, the paths of the former ‘states of real socialism’ have diverged widely. Many of the processes that we have witnessed and are witnessing ...
The philosophy of the text as texts of philosophy
... they are arranged by eras and cultural-ethnic factors. In this regard, it seems fruitful and justified not to build various rationalistic constructions but to take an open look at the very existence of philosophizing. From such perspectives, philosophy appears not so much a single, monolithic, and strictly ordered system as a ‘system of systems’ that are interrelated, interconnected, and reminiscent of Ludwig Wittgenstein's ‘family of language games’. Philosophy is a universal, ultimate understanding ...
Alchemic symbols as a means of psychoanalytical description in N. Kononov's story «Source of Injury»
... considered in terms of their alchemical symbolism. This point of view makes it possible to identify the psychological function of each character as a reflection of a certain aspect of their psyche. Ovechin, whose image is dominated by the solar symbolism, appears as a projection of Ego and of momentary consciousness. Olya, who is associated with the images of the moon and air, appears as a projection of the Anima, which refers to the subconscious. The narrator and his character play the role of the conscious ...
Analytic philosophy: a historico-critical survey
... Wien, 1934.
6. Fodor J. The Language of Thought. N. Y., 1975.
7. Gellner E. Words and Things, A Critical Account of Linguistic Philosophy and a Study in Ideology. With an Introduction by Bertrand Russell. L., 1959.
8. Goodman N. The Structure of Appearance. Cambridge (Mass.) , 1951.
9. Moore G. E. The Nature and Reality of Objects of Perception. Reprinted in Moore G. E. Logical Studies. L., 1922.
10. Moore G. E. Wittgenstein’s Lectures in 1930—33. I-III // Mind. 1954—1955. Vols. 63, 64....
Some remarks on the concept and function of Kant’s theory of schematism in the Critique of Pure Reason
... conceives of schematism as something entirely new to the Transcendental Deduction of the Categories, namely, as preparation for the use of categories as predicates in sentences known as the ‘Principles of Understanding’ referring to phaenomena (appearances in time and space) rather than the undetermined concept of objects in general. To support this interpretation, the author addresses main concepts of the schematism theory (for instance, those of schema, imagination, homogeneity, and time-determination) ...
A development of the low power engine for work on a krypton
Addressing such space mission as station keeping at the orbit, satellite orbit rising, debris deorbiting, cargo transportation and development of thrusters for deep space missions, electric propulsion appears to be an undisputed alternative for the chemical thrusters. Also, even the best solutions provided by electric propulsion technology still require optimization despite its more than of half a century history. Currently xenon is the propellant ...
A research on the influence of the B-spline order on the surface appearance
This article considers the effect of the order of B-splines on the appearance of surface and smoothness degree. The surfaces based on B-splines of 2 x 2, 3 x 3, and 5 x 5 orders are presented.
Кochinа A., Slobodyanyuk M
B-splines, programming, modeling, smooth surfaces, computer graphics.
124-126
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... with the largest rivers playing the key geopolitical role. Lev Mechnikov (1888) went as far as associating the emergence of the earliest civilizations with the major historical rivers flowing through the Middle East, South Asia and East Asia [18].
It appears that the majority of authors deliberating on the region’s borders tend to overlook the fact that it was not the catchment area itself that has played a paramount geopolitical and geoeconomic role since ancient times, but rather its geopolitical ...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... division as the basis for chronological research. An alternative option could be the religious landscape as a whole. However, given the strict structure of the Church of Denmark, which consists of hierarchically subordinate elements, the mentioned approach appeared
suitable.
The extent of previous research on the subject and the review of sources
Scholarly interest in issues related to the denominational space and its characteristics is high, as demonstrated by a number of publications both internationally ...
Commentary on a poetic work as philological genre
... distinctive position of the commentator in relation to the poem, characterized by flexibility, reliance on facts, and various interpretational possibilities. While numerous scholarly materials have been written in the genre of literary commentary, there appears to be a limited reflection on the parameters such commentary should possess, the goals it should set, and the factors it should consider. This article fills this theoretical gap, demonstrating that commentary on poetry should primarily be oriented ...
The Imperishable Kant: Deleuze on the Consistency of the Faculties of Reason
... Deleuze refers to the free coherence of the faculties as to “something third”, which gives options for reactualising Kant’s philosophy without striving to overcome it. I also provide a brief history of the issues related to Kantian philosophy, appearing in the works of Deleuze — from a course of lectures on the problem of grounds, given by the young Deleuze at the Lyceum Louis the Great in Paris, to his last article published in his lifetime, “Immanence: A Life”, in which Deleuze brings ...
Gustav Shpet’s “Notes on Kant”: On the Meaning of “Positive Critique”
.... Vladimira. Filosofskie issledovanija. [Proceedings of the Psychological Seminary at the University of St. Vladimir. Philosophical research]. Volume 1, 4. Kiev: tip. Imperatorskogo universiteta sv. Vladimira, pp. I-II. (In Rus.)
Shpet, G. G., 1991. Appearance and Sense: Phenomenology as the Fundamental Science and Its Problems. Translated by T. Nemeth. Dordrecht, Boston & London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Shpet, G. G., 1998. Philosophy and History. Translated by I. Martin. Philosophical Writings,...
Transposition — retelling — translation: the destiny of Areopagitica in Slavia Orthodoxa
... attributed to Dionysius the Areopagite from the 1st century. However, these works are unequivocally associated with early medieval Eastern Christian mystical-theological thought, presumably from the turn of the 5th—6th centuries. These texts first appeared in the Slavic Orthodox area in 1370, and subsequent translations emerged at the end of the 17th century, in the 18th and 19th centuries, and, most recently, in contemporary times. The authors introduce a set of criteria that facilitate the differentiation ...
‘People in Black’: Semantization of the concepts ‘sectant’ and ‘baptist’ in the anti-religious campaign of 1958—1964
... involved significantly narrowing the semantics of the words 'sektant' and 'baptist.' Linguistic tools such as new lexical pairs ('sectarian-Baptist,' 'fanatics and bigots,' 'subversives and villains') and linguistic markers related to colour, sound, appearance, age, and location were employed. These tools helped develop a negative image of a Protestant believer and ultimately transformed the concepts of ‘sectant’ and ‘baptist’ into political labels.
Arinin, E. I., 2017. The Invasion ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... However, this indicator is not operational and is published with approximately the same lag as the GRP for the RF regions (for example, 2021 data were published only at the very end of March 2023). This is quite understandable since the final PIT data appear only after all tax refunds have been paid, which happens after the end of the tax year.
Thus, to analyze the level and long-term trends in municipal development, one can use Rosstat data on taxable personal income (the major income indicator), ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... a near standstill in the 1990s, prompting the search for specialisations the region could embrace in the changed environment. Not only was the idea of creating an amber processing cluster widely discussed in Kaliningrad but also a correspondent goal appeared in the national programme for industrial and business development in the region.
1
A range of studies provided a rationale for cooperation in the Baltic area, a course of action viewed as mutually beneficial in the geopolitical environment that ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... between the invention, utility model and industrial design.<7> The share of R&D results (creation of new products and technologies) is decreasing, while there is growth in the modernization of devices and technologies already on the market and appearance.
Fifthly, until 2022, the regions of Northwest Russia actively integrated into international scientific and innovative processes. Interregional relationships had been developing for many years, including within Russia—EU cross-border cooperation ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... anti-Russian sanctions, a similar development of events will be observed.
Thus, the analysis of the situation shows that at this stage, the prospects for the development of Russian maritime transport and port facilities can be assessed as quite positive. It appears that positive development factors generally outweigh existing problems, risks and threats.
Apparently, the Russian Ministry of Transport also believes that positive development factors prevail over negative ones. As a result, the Ministry of Transport ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... criticizing the decision of Sweden and Finland, it is advisable to refrain from threats, or sharp and rude attacks; they will not frighten the Finns and Swedes, but only increase their negative attitude towards Russia. If NATO military infrastructure appears on the territory of Sweden and Finland, Russia, of course, must take measures, but they must be strictly verified and be a response only to those threats that will specifically arise no less, but in no case more” [31].
However, the subsequent ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... at a slower pace [27].
When analyzing the upsides and downsides of urban agglomeration, researchers rarely cover the entire region, usually just stating the fact that territories outside of the agglomeration experience degradation [28]. Therefore, it appears interesting to examine the development of the NWFD at large and its specific regions, as well as the effects of the migration to St. Petersburg and its environs, since most other NWFD regions are losing the most valuable resource — the youth,...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... thereby reflecting the trend of increased project activity within the Baltic Sea region and the strengthening of the principle of multi-level governance [13], [20].
At the moment, the prospects for the development of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation appear to be uncertain. In March 2022, the European Commission suspended all cross-border cooperation programmes involving Russia and Belarus, a move followed by Finland. Consequently, in the short-term perspective, while certain communication channels ...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... that non-state media used various pandemic communication strategies to achieve common biopolitical goals, striking a balance between propaganda and outreach. A comparative analysis was conducted of German publications that focused on the pandemic and appeared during the four waves (January 2020 —March 2022). A total of 54,515 texts from the German media (Süddeutsche Zeitung, Die Zeit, Die Tageszeitung) were examined. Methodologically, the study draws on the Herman-Chomsky propaganda model and Jacques ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... the practical activities of the alliance [10]. Researchers from the Danish Institute for International Studies reached similar conclusions in their comprehensive four-volume report on Denmark’s foreign policy during the Cold War (1945—1991), which appeared in February 2005.<7> The report concluded that, during the Cold War, Denmark, labelled as an ‘ally with reservations’ both in formal terms and in the perception of Washington, was nevertheless becoming increasingly integrated into NATO’s ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
...
The analysis shows that “the rise of the subnational level and the recognition of the importance of political networks combined, leading to the emergence of the concept of multilevel governance in the study of the European Union” [26]. This theory appeared following the EU foreign policy and economic decision-making practices. At the turn of the century, it was understood that “… leaders entering a supranational association will fear the expansion of the centre they are creating. Accordingly,...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... contrast to other qualitative approaches in social sciences, SKAD is not interested in the consistency of meaning inherent to one particular document of discourse per se but rather assumes that such data articulates some elements of discourse or maybe appears as a crossing point of several discourses.
This study is also based on the so-called liberal intergovernmental approach (LIGA), or liberal intergovernmentalism. Based on the mix of various neoliberal theories by Putnam, Ruggie and Keohane it was ...
Translation as a journey through possible and impossible worlds
... translated text. For example, in the case of French subjunctive forms, which are grammatically mandatory in the original language, they often need to be replaced with indicative forms in the target language, such as Russian. Externally, this transformation appears as a change from expressing a possibility in one world to making a statement about the actual world. Various techniques for transforming French inserts in the original Russian text (in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace") are analyzed ...
Non-translation and translation in Heidegger, Losev, and Ortega y Gasset
... same period (1920—1940s), which reveal numerous points of contact. All three philosophers reject conventional translation, proposing instead to consider ordinary words as philosophical terms. Despite the fact that such an approach may make the text appear contradictory to familiar norms, the philosophers insist on the necessity of violating convention. The opposition of translation vs non-translation is related to the multilingual nature of the text, as well as to the problem of language hierarchy ...
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
... comprehensive review of modern types of DEA is the work by Chiang Kao [4]. This widely used method continues to develop, which is especially true for its dynamic [5] and stochastic [6] applications. In Russian literature, the first studies into the use of DEA appeared at the turn of the 21st century [7], [8], [9]. Particularly, the method was employed in comparative efficiency assessments [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17].
DEA builds on the universal notion of efficiency defined as the ratio between ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... self-determination. In the middle of the fluctuating struggle for the restoration of statehood, Polish intellectuals came up with two curious innovations in military and foreign policy strategy. Firstly, as Emanuel Rostworowski formulated it, there appeared a cult of hopeless uprisings. This ideational construct suggested that military actions were to be taken in the Polish territory not at the most opportune moment, i. e., when the beneficiaries of the partitions were in a fragile state or a powerful ...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... Petersburg port’s performance has been affected adversely. In 2022, the share of incoming ships decreased by 30 %, with only 294 sea vessels recorded compared to 418 in 2021. The decline in the number of foreign vessels arriving at the Baltic Seaports appears to be the primary factor contributing to this trend. However, it is worth noting that in March 2022, the number of vessels arriving at the port of Ust-Luga remained stable compared to the same period in 2021, while the port of Primorsk witnessed ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... that it does not allow drawing statistically significant conclusions about preferences in this category. Presumably, the population does not pay much attention to the manufacturer in these product categories focusing more on “what is available”, appearance and price.
One of the typical consumer behaviour strategies for a borderland is independent shopping trips to neighbouring countries. According to the survey, 35.7 % of the Kaliningrad region’s population visited Poland, and 17.8 % — Lithuania....
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... can generate economic profits that would not be made otherwise. Yet, the periphery is losing economic and demographic opportunities, and these losses cannot be compensated for within either a command or market economy.
The concept of periphery first appeared in the international literature on economics and economic geography in the mid-20th century. A classic of the core-periphery concept is John Friedmann. His model holds that uneven economic growth and spatial polarisation inevitably lead to ...
Distributive interpretants in the crossword metalanguage
In this paper, we study such a specific product of enigmatic discourse as a crossword puzzle. The powerful potential of this text is manifested in its ability to accumulate and translate cultural meanings and values, which explains the recent appearance of a large number of works on the study of linguistic, cultural, structural-semantic and cognitive-discursive features of the crossword language. The study of the ontological nature of the crossword, as undertaken in this research, is grounded ...
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
... countries based on a shared goal of countering the ‘Russian threat’, while also providing an additional political framework for deeper engagement in the region.
***
In conclusion, the ongoing intensification of French diplomacy in the Baltic region appears to conflict with Russia’s interests. Instead of offering a new vision and reviving relations with Moscow, France’s primary objective is to strengthen its position as a reliable NATO member and contribute to the Alliance’s common defence ...
The peaks and troughs of Russian-Estonian relations
... that Tambi, an acting diplomat with experience of working in Estonia, pays particular attention to the history of Soviet and Russian diplomatic missions in Tallinn and the Estonian embassy in Moscow. Comprehensive accounts of these topics have never appeared in the literature, with only several pages of this history thoroughly explored. Yet, the role of embassies in foreign policy decision-making is substantial as they both provide their governments with information and are involved in the practical ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
... focus on various discursive methods: discourse analysis, frame analysis, and content analysis. However, creating such a monitoring system requires selecting a relevant technical approach. Collecting and analyzing information from open sources (OSINT) appears to be the most promising approach
Conclusion
Yana A. Vorozheina
. The discussion allowed us to draw several conclusions. First, no one doubts the urgency of raising the problem of Russia’s geopolitical security, and ways to monitor it in a given ...
Changes in the structure and geography of tourist flows during the COVID-19 pandemic
... the global tourism industry amid border crossing restrictions and lockdowns [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]; in the second and third years, publications increasingly focused on changes in the amount and direction of international tourist flows began to appear.
Notable works have been published covering the situation in Romania [8], Moldova [9], Finland and Estonia [10], Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan [11]. One contribution [12] predicted a recovery in demand in 2021 for twenty tourist destinations around ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
....6
17.9
16.4
19. Authorities’ legitimacy, legality of actions
15.3 (16.7)
16.1
14.3
17.6
16.1
13.7
12.1
20. Authorities’ readiness to solve crisis situations
13.4 (13.3)
14.7
15.6
12.3
13.2
16.7
7.9
21. An external image provided by authorities: appearance of employees / buildings / interior, etc.
5.3
(3.7)
4.8
6.1
4.6
5.9
6.0
4.7
Source: statistics are calculated by the author on the basis of data obtained from a mass questionnaire survey of the population of regions of the Central Federal District,...
Estonian ‘Balticness’ as a social construct: meanings and contextual specifics
... Estonians consider themselves rational, logical, unencumbered by emotional arguments; we are business-like, stubborn and hard-working. Our southern neighbours see us as too dry and serious, workaholics, lacking passion and joie de vivre.<5>
It appears that this message was spread in an attempt to grope for alternative ways to reinforce the image of Estonia as part of Northern Europe: if Yule-land is viewed from the perspective of economic performance and living standards, the difference between ...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
... divergence of the two parties, the increase in the EU influence on Polish politics, the capability (especially in the PiS case) to attract voters with different ideological views and the peculiarities of the election laws. The new party model, which appeared in the late 2000s, has been characterised by inner stability despite the considerable number of problems PiS and PO have faced on their way to expanding their influence. The multiple sceptic forecasts concerning the prospects of Poland’s system ...