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Currently, callus cultures of medicinal plants are actively used for the production of important biologically active compounds. Investigating conditions that enhance the biosynthesis of these compounds in callus cultures is highly relevant. This article examines the influence of various concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine (1—500 µM) on the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant ...

... and laser scanning with a Slam scanner (robotslam lite) were conducted, and the climatic and botanical-geographical characteristics of the area were studied. As a result of the data analysis, it was determined that, overall, the natural and climatic conditions of the area are favorable and allow for reclamation work aimed at creating forest and grassy plantings for sanitary-protective, forestry, and agricultural purposes. In the first stage, it is necessary to create a favorable root zone using potentially ...

... conceptual objectives and avenues to act on. The case of the Kaliningrad region, an exclave highly dependent on external energy supplies, is examined to provide insight into possible scenarios for ensuring the territory’s energy securi­ty and the conditions for each course of events to unfold. The findings of the study suggest potential pathways for enhancing the exclave’s energy security, each requiring momentous decisions and careful attention to detail. energy security, energy resources,...

... Social Anthropology, 3(1), pp. 21-31. (In Rus.) Gurvitch, G., 1926. Ethics and Religion. Sovremennye zapiski / Annales contemporaines, 9, pp. 259-283. (In Rus.) Gurvitch, G., 1937. Morale théorique et science des mœurs. Leurs possibilités, leurs conditions. Paris: Félix Alcan. Gurvitch, G., 1938a. Essai d’une classification pluraliste des formes de la sociabilité. Annales Sociologiques. Série A. Sociologie Générale, 3, pp. 1-48. Gurvitch, G., 1938b. Essais de sociologie: Les formes de ...

... interaction and mutual determination of the individual and collective unit. In his Russian-language works, written before his emigration, he maintained that it was in the sphere of law that one could determine how the individual and society mutually condition each other and determine the direction of social development. In the late 1920s and early 1930s in his teaching on social law, Gurvitch formulated the concept of sociability which enabled him to focus attention not on the confrontation, but ...

... immune to Schaeffer’s critique. Second, to clarify the German philosopher’s contribution to environmental ethics. I come to the conclusion that it is premature to claim that consciousness and free will exist only in the framework of their being conditioned by nature. I also demonstrate that in his teleological teaching Kant sees the mechanism of nature as the dependence of living things on forces that act in an unpremeditated manner. Recognition of these forces sets limits to humans’ instrumental ...

... science and philosophy as a whole. Besides, he practised philosophy publicly, being an antipode of another ancient Greek philosopher, Pythagoras, whose doctrines were secret. Coming together in the image of Socrates, publicity and rationality mutually condition each other. This again is a feature shared with Kant who put forward the concept of the public and private use of reason. Today, the term “publicity” should be replaced by the more accurate term “openness.” Like publicity, openness implies ...

... Chteniye, 1, pp. 225-245. Rozhin, D. O., 2020. The Idea of Progress as Moral Improvement in the Philosophy of I. Kant and V. D. Kudryavtsev-Platonov. Problemy etiki [Problems of Ethics], 9, pp. 93-96. (In Rus.) Rozhin, D. O., 2022. Kant on Basic Practical Conditions for Achieving Moral Perfection. In: N. A. Dmitrieva, ed. 2022. IV Letnyaya Shkola po izucheniyu naslediya I. Kanta. Uchenie Kanta o voine i mire v filosofii Prosveshcheniya i nemetskogo idealisma [4th Kant Summer School: Kant’s Doctrine on ...

... https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-012-9086-1 . Sosa, E., 1970. Propositional Attitudes De Dictu and De Re. Journal of Philoso­phy, 67, pp. 883—896. Sudo, Y., 2014. On De Re Predicates. In: Proceedings of WCCFL, 31, pp. 447—456. Tiskin, D., 2016. Conditional Attitude Ascription. Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, 50, pp. 74—93, https://doi.org/10.5840/eps201650470 . semantics, propositional attitudes, intentional contexts, practical reasoning, truth, acceptability 73-90 10.5922/2225-5346-2023-4-4

... of particular language items treated as signs with their concepts and syntactics. Functional words including discourse particles allow both approaches. The existence of Old Russian particle TI1 as has been proved by Zaliznjak on the basis of formal conditions, constraining the position of this particle in the clausal structure. Meanwhile, Zaliznjak failed to provide a lexicographical description of TI1 and reliable external parallels from other languages. I argue that TI1 is a marker of verification ...

... presence for a period of six months until he unexpectedly spoke to her, advising her to purchase a new watch. The primary focus of this study is to elucidate the strategy employed in constructing this ‘wordless’ discourse, as well as to explore the conditions that facilitate its occurrence, underlying mechanisms, and its historical background. The analysis encompasses linguistic, historical, cultural aspects, and aims to determine its linguistic classification and overall significance. The discourse ...

The paper centers on the phenomenon of non-translation in the texts of bilingual poets who perform self-translation into the lect of a dominant, ‘larger’ tradition (Putonghua / Rus­sian). Non-translation is set in motion in the conditions of enhanced linguistic reflection of its authors and serves as a marker of a special affective connection with a lect that is permanently associated with a weaker position. Paradoxically, the attempt to expand readership by trans­lating into ...

... ordinary life dignity is increasingly reduced to access to material benefits, in its legal sense — above all in the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation — anti-communist ideology has turned it into the “right” to enjoy comfortable living conditions, being almost totally divorced from duties and from morality. Such interpretations of human dignity lead to a dead end, creating problems for its perception and for its relationship to other constitutional provisions — problems that are impossible ...

... impossibleto consider the organism to be purposive. Second, the founder of Russian cosmism understands reason as the instrument that is capable of ridding nature of destructiveness. Thirdly and finally, the Russian philosopher maintains that an indispensable condition of human virtue and the attainment of happiness is the regulation of nature by the human being through prescribing for it an external goal as its own. Aristotle, 1957. On the Soul. In: Aristotle, 1957. On the Soul. Parva Naturalia. On Breath....

... contradictions, analysis of Kant’s treatise on perpetual peace, as well as its early reception and current discussions. The conference of young scholars heard 22 papers whose content is reviewed here. Among the topics were the cultural, social and intellectual conditions in which the treatise on perpetual peace appeared, its influence on the creation of the League of Nations, the UN and the EU; intersections with twentieth-century philosophical projects were also covered. Some original interpretations were ...

... article “Really: syntactics without semiotics?”). Slovo.ru: Baltic Accent, 14 (4), pp. 153—162, https://doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2023-4-9 (in Russ.). Ebert, C., Ebert, C. and Hinterwimmer, S., 2014. A unified analysis of In­dicative and Biscuit Conditionals as Topics. Linguistics and Philosophy, 37, рр. 353—408, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10988-014-9158-4 . Hamblin, C. L., 1973. Questions in Montague grammar. Foundations of Language, 10, pp. 41—53. Hamblin, C. L., 1976. Questions in Montague ...

... is substantiated based on empirical evidence. Moreover, the article draws conclusions regarding the impact of general linguistic changes on the nature of translations. This includes shifts in the role and status of the Church Slavonic language, the conditions contributing to the formation of a new literary language, and the inevitable influence of broader cultural and civilizational factors. The paper also explores the tradition of translating otherness, a practice that persists in contemporary ...

... within the poetic corpus of the Russian National Corpus, spe­cifically those related to the period from 1756 to 1917. The chosen timeframe aligns with the initial recording of the selected lexeme, as per corpus data, with the second date serving as a conditional endpoint corresponding to the conclusion of the Silver Age of Russian lyrics. The aim of the linguistic and poetic analysis is to discern patterns in the figurative and symbolic utilization, as well as the individual reinterpretation of the ...

The publication of «Selected Records from 1965 to 1989» has exposed the reader to poetry of Vladimir Bibikhin’s poetry as a key to understanding the patterns of culture. In these rec­ords, Bibikhin discussed the formation of the canons of national poetry and its peculiarities. In his poetry, Bibikhin emulated the poetic style and essence of Russian poetry, surrounded by the aura of myth and replacing moralistic content with existential themes. These poems delved into the ethical-metaphysical question...

... Moscow (in Russ.). Lopatin, V. V. and Ivanova, O. E., eds., 2013. Russkii orfograficheskii slovar' [Rus­sian spelling dictionary]. 4th ed. Moscow (in Russ.). Priemysheva, M. N., 2009. Tainye i uslovnye yazyki v Rossii XIX veka: v 2 ch. [Secret and conditional languages in Russia in the 19th century. In 2 parts]. Part 2 Applica­tions. St. Petersburg (in Russ.). Ufimtseva, A. A., 1988. The role of vocabulary in a person’s cognition of reality and the formation of a linguistic picture of the world....

... the contrasting subjective frameworks of printed poems versus their digital adaptations translated into a media language akin to cinema. The author suggests analysing the layers of media mediation in printed and digital texts as distinct material conditions of communication prompting readers to encounter a 'moment of intensity', as Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht put it, and undergo a creative experience of es­trangement enabling them to connect with the subject behind the text. The variance in media mediation ...

.... 22—87 (in Russ.). Durkheim, É., 1995. Sotsiologiya. Ee predmet, metod, prednaznachenie [Sociology. Its object, method, purposes]. Translated by A. B. Gofman. Moscow (in Russ.). Durkheim, É., 2013. The dualism of human nature and its social conditions. Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie [Russian Sociological Review], 12 (2), pp. 133—145 (in Russ.). Eikhenbaum, B., 1922. Molodoi Tolstoi [Young Tolstoy]. Peterburg; Berlin (in Russ.). Eikhenbaum, B., 1927. Literatura: Teoriya. Kritika. Polemika ...

... advancing the Rodnoverie ideology within the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet. To achieve this, a comprehensive methodology is employed, incorporating both functional-semantic and pragma-semantic approaches. The study identifies the motives and conditions under which verbal aggression tends to arise in online discourse. Key speech acts that manifest this aggression—such as insults, rude de­mands, reproach, accusations, mockery, negative evaluations, and ill-wi­shing—are analysed, with ...

... systems, which leads to a scenario where the sign system functions as both its subject and object, thus reviving Peirce's idea of the sign as a quasi-mind. An analysis of the primary regulatory mechanisms shows that regulatory codes: (a) create specific conditions for coding, (b) govern and control coding processes, and (c) consist of the same elements as coding elements, although are interpreted differently. Their interpretant is not amino acids or proteins but the processes of activation or suppression....

... well as develop methods for their therapeutic use. A study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of composite nanoparticles (nanostars) and micromaterials (microdisks) against Jurkat, Huh7 cell cultures, and human mononuclear cells in in vitro conditions. A concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles was observed. At the same time, microdisks did not exhibit any toxic effects on the studied cells. The potential of using nano- and micromaterials as prospective tools for cancer ...

... both English and Russian using the Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and eLIBRARY.RU databases. The analysis of scientific and official data demonstrated that physical factors of the culture medium, such as temperature, pH, carbon source, and cultivation conditions, influence the yield and properties of BC. The utilization of agricultural and food waste as a culture medium has been shown to enhance the productivity of Komagataeibacter xylinus strains. The combination of BC with other components, including ...

This study examines the morphometric characteristics of the Letny — Zimny pond sys­tem in Kaliningrad as factors potentially influencing the ecological condition of small artifi­cial water bodies. Based on hydroacoustic surveying conducted with the "AsCor" software-hardware complex, which simultaneously recorded current depth and geographic coordinates of the surveyed bottom areas in real ...

... potentially hypertrophic level according to the classification for the Baltic Sea waters, which manifests in the high biological productivity of the Pregolya estuarine system. An increase in phosphorus during summer under low nitro­gen concentrations creates conditions for the development of cyanobacteria and water “bloom­ing.” The inflow of biogenic substances through the marine strait increases their concentra­tions in the coastal zone and contributes to the eutrophication of this part of the Baltic ...

... sustainable development of tourist and recreational areas in the North Caucasus Federal District. The conclusion outlines a set of proposals aimed at reducing environmental risks, enhancing the efficiency of spatial plan­ning, and creating favorable conditions for the sustainable development of the tourist and recreational potential of the North Caucasus Federal District. sustainable development, tourist and recreational systems, resort fa­cilities, investment attractiveness, North Caucasus ...

... the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime. In: I. Kant, 2011. Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime and Other Writings. Edited by P. Frierson and P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 65-204. Lyotard, J. F., 1979. La Condition postmoderne. Rapport sur le savoir. Paris: Les Éditions de minuit. Lyotard, J. F., 1986. L’enthousiasme. La critique kantienne de l’histoire. Paris: Galilée. Lyotard, J. F., 1988. The Differend. Phrases in Dispute. Translated by G. Van ...

... article is devoted to the problem of the possibility of experience in transcendental idealism. In its classical formulation by Kant, the problem pertains to the correlation between a priori structures of reason and reality. I approach the question of the conditions of the possibility of experience in an alternative way, i.e. as a question about the conditions of its unity, while remaining within the framework of transcendental idealism. The purport of this investigation is to demonstrate how the problem ...

We advocate an idea that a necessary condition for a dispute about truth amounts not to the carriers of non-ideal logical thought, but to a variety of approaches to reconstructing the logical form of conditional reasoning, which implies diversification of methods for solving logical tasks....

... of political rhetoric in international relations, where the linguistic tools employed by the speaker serve as instruments for strategically managing the perception of the audience. It also addresses the interplay between language and politics under conditions of global international tensions. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the verbalization of communicative strategies within the foreign policy discourse of the President of the Russian Federation, using textual addresses to the ...

The article examines the conditions and mechanisms leading at an early stage of the formation of a literary tradition to the dependence of the innovative meaning of the word and its context. The translation of the title of Kosta Khetagurov‘s program verse “Nystwan”, which ...

... the linguocognitive approach to the problem of interaction of the writer’s / hero’s reflexive personality with their own past SELF in the pro- cess of reconstructing personal experience. The study preliminarily states the fact of ontologically conditioned heterogeneity of the human Ego as a result of the natural process of individual-personal development. The definition of the concept of ‘retrospective discourse’ is given, which is relevant in the context of the research and referentially ...

... student’s personality type, is proposed to predict the outcomes of the formation of this universal competency. A one-way ANOVA of fourth-year students’ midterm results and fifth-year residual knowledge assessments in the course was performed, showing a condition­ally close relationship between the assimilation of anti-corruption knowledge and the domi­nant professional personality type. The results of the study are intended to be used for devel­oping models that allow predicting the achievement of ...

... conceptualization of time through the prism of the category of color, based on the works of W. Shakespeare. It is demonstrated that color, not being an independent entity but a quality, acquires in the space of the literary text additional metonymically conditioned meanings through its correlation with the phenomena of existence, in some cases rising to the level of value-­laden symbolic co-meanings. The semantics and pragmatics of each color that shades time in Shakespeare’s texts are determined ...

... oneiric, māyā-like (from the Sanskrit māyā), or samsaric. Through intertextual references, allusions to my­thology, cinema, and literature, Pelevin emphasizes the illusory nature of his characters. In “Omon Ra”, the chronotope is also depicted as conditional, existing outside of conventional systems of temporal and spatial coordinates. The reality portrayed in the novel is, in the Bud­dhist sense, empty — that is, subjectively motivated. The mirror-like and simultaneously cir­cu­lar composition ...

... mass media and social networks, which made it possible to identify various strategies of media communication employed by regional leaders. It is established that formal alignment with the information agenda of the federal cen­ter is not a sufficient condition for building positive reputational capital. The key finding of the research indicates that governors who combine moderate adherence to nationwide themes with active engagement in solving local problems achieve the greatest success in strengthen­ing ...

... innovations. In addition, certain results of the implementation of practical measures in this area over the past 7—10 years are studied. The author concludes that Pakistan is pursuing a balanced policy in the field of the military-industrial complex under conditions of political and economic instability and challenges relat­ed to the development of its own models of weapons. Furthermore, it is revealed that the coun­try’s leadership adopts a comprehensive approach, emphasizing the need to strengthen ...

Causation is one of the fundamental conditions of existence. The cause-and-effect rela­tionships between elements of reality, which possess universal significance, are reflected dif­ferently across linguocultures and manifest at various levels of language. A comparative ana­lysis of ...