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The metaphysical layer of what can be called philosophical Christology in Kant’s treatise on religion reflects his idea of the embodiment of the archetype of moral perfection. Kant raises the problem of the ontology of the ideal in the shape of the question about the conditions that make actual experience possible: the ideal of holiness resides in reason, i. e. in the human being, but the dominance of radical evil over the human will puts it out of human reach either in thought or in practice. For...

... the reception of his seminal ideas, the analysis, polemic and occasionally sharp criticism of these ideas. It is helpful now to look at Kantian studies beginning from the 1920s to the present time. I will show that immediately after the October 1917 revolution and until the 1930s interest in Kant’s teaching was waning. When they turned to his ideas during that period Belarusian authors described and analysed them primarily in textbooks or when examining, or rather criticising, the views of Western ...

... Suhrkamp, S. 208-230. Carl, W., 1992. Die Transzendentale Deduktion der Kategorien in der ersten Auflage der ‚Kritik der reinen Vernunft‘. Ein Kommentar. Frankfurt a. M.: Klostermann. Falkenburg, B., 2000. Kants Kosmologie. Die wissenschaftliche Revolution der Naturphilosophie im 18. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt a. M.: Klostermann. Kleist, H. von, 1987. Über die allmähliche Verfertigung der Gedanken beim Reden. In: H. von Kleist, 1987. Sämtliche Werke und Briefe. Hg. von H. Sembdner. In 2 Bänden....

... Pedigree’ of the ‘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis’: From Locke to Lucy. In: M. Pütz, M. Verspoor, eds. 2000. Explorations in Linguistic Relativity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 1-25. 17. Kuhn, T., 1996. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 3rd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 18. Kusch, M., 1988. Husserl and Heidegger on Meaning. Synthese, 77(1), pp. 99-127. 19. Lynch, M. P., 2001. Truth in Context: An Essay on Pluralism and Objectivity, Cambridge (Mass.): The ...

... discussions. Vvedensky, A. I., 1901. On Mysticism and Criticism in Solovyov’s Theory of Cognition. Voprosy filosofii i psikhologii [Problems of Philosophy and Psychology], 56(1), pp. 2-35. (In Russ.) Kornilaev, L. Yu., 2018. Kant and the Problem of Revolution: A Report of the International Conference (Kaliningrad, November 9-10, 2017). Kantian Journal, 37(1), pp. 74-87. http://dx . doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2018-1-5.

... University Library. Potter, N., 1994. Maxims in Kant’s Moral Philosophy. Philosophia, 23(1-4), pp. 59-90. Reath, A., 2006. Agency and Autonomy in Kant’s Moral Theory: Selected Essays. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Silber, J. R., 1960. The Copernican Revolution in Ethics: The Good Reexamined. Kant-Studien, 51, pp. 85-101. Timmermann, J., 2000. Kant’s Puzzling Ethics of Maxims. The Harvard Review of Philosophy, 8(1), pp. 39-52. Timmermann, J., 2007. Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: ...

In the focus of my attention there are six German-language textbooks in logic published in the second half of the eighteenth century. What distinguishes these books is that they were all written specially for women. While such works were fairly common in France and Italy during this period, they had something of an exotic character in the German-speaking world. Today these works and their authors are generally seen as secondary and marginal. Nevertheless, they may be of substantial interest in the...

Kant's 'Technique of hope' appears to be the 'most genuine hope of the Enlightenment' for the moral intersubjectivity of being. Its immense significance becomes obvious against the background of Kant's 'Copernican Revolution', which resulted in the new subject-oriented ontology. The viability of this ontology depends on the possibility of freedom, i. e. on whether the human being is capable of the practical implementation of the free causality of moral law. Due ...

The article is meant for teachers and everyone interested in the problems of upbringing and self-upbringing. The major incentive for all works of the great scientists was the desire to reveal the extent of possibility and necessity of dignity for a person pursuing their vocation. Kant showed the world as the world should be in accordance to the sensible disposition of the human being. The author analyses the main concepts of Kant's rational ethics and attempts to classify his pedagogical ideas, which...

... Spiegel, Nr. 6 vom 4.2.2017, S. 94—96. Herder, J. G. 1978, Vom Erkennen und Empfinden der menschlichen Seele. Bemerkungen und Träume (1778), in: Sämtliche Werke. Hg. B. Suphan. Bd. 8. Berlin, 1892. Reprint. Hildesheim. S. 165—235. Israel, J. 2010, A Revolution of the Mind. Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy. Princeton, Oxford. Kirsch, A. 2017, Lie to Me: Fiction In the Post-Truth Era, in: The New York Times, 16.1.2017, p. C1. Kluge, A. 2012, „Der Konjunktiv des ...

... Kant’s methodology of science and the system of criticism. In the context of traditional epistemological theories, it was an entirely new instalment supplementing these theories and understanding knowledge as a continuous process undergoing scientific revolutions. Constructing synthetic a priori judgements requires leaving the extant knowledge for the realm of possible experience, where reason is faced with antinomies. The author provides a critical examination of Karl Jaspers’ ideas about the cognising ...

... Moscow. 12. Einstein, A. 1965—1967, Sobranije nauchnyh trudov v 4 tomah [The Collection of Scientific Works in 4 volumes]. Moscow, 1967. T. 4. 13. Goethe, J. W. 1904, Werke. Weimarer Ausgabe. Weimar, 1904. Abt. 1, Bd. 42, I. 14. Kristeva, J. 1974, Le revolution du langage poetique. Paris: Seuil. 15. Schiller, F. 2004, Sämtliche Werke in 5 Bänden. München, 2004, Bd. 5.

... theory of upbringing of the will on the base of community], Russkaya shkola [Russian school], no. 10, otd. II, p. 192—194. 29. Purishkevich, V. (ed.) 1913, Shkol’naya podgotovka vtoroi russkoi revolyutsii [School preparation of the second Russian revolution], Izdanie Russkogo narodnogo soyuza im. Mikhaila Arkhangela, St. Petersburg. 30. R. G. 1913, Iz zhizni srednei shkoly [From the life of secondary school], Vestnik vospitaniya [Herald of upbringing], no. 9, otd. III, p. 83—105. 31. Radosavlevich,...

This article examines the category of modality through the postulate of empirical thinking in general and in constructing a philosophical system where functions of consciousness are substantial elements. The system comprises ‘faculties of the mind’, as Kant calls them, namely, evaluation, cognition, and practical activity and norms. These forms of activity correlate with the world of possibilities, the actual world, and the world of necessity. Grammatical moods correspond to the modal worlds and...

This paper deals with the methodological and ontological significance of transcendentalism. The author advocates the understanding of transcendental philosophy as ontology and presents a critique of the interpretation given by David Carr, who attached a merely methodological significance to the concept of the ‘transcendental’. Within this interpretation, this paper considers the problem of differences between the ontological aspects of Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy and Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology...

... available at: http://www. ruthenia. ru/logos/number/1997_10/04.htm (accessed 21 July 2015). 21. Yastretbseva, A. V. (2014), Diskussii ob obchestvennom obrazovanii vo Francii v epokhu Revolutsii [Discussion about Public Education in France during the Revolution], Filosofskie nauki [Philosophical Sciences], no. 9, p. 131—145. 22. Yastretbseva, A. V. (2015), Politika i paideia. Respublikanskiy proekt obchest¬ven-nogo obrazovaniya [Politics and Paideia. Republican Project of Public Education],...

... —Heidegger: 70 Jahre Davoser Disputation / Hrsg. von D. Kaegi und E. Rudolph. Hamburg,2002. S. 215—233, (Cassirer-Forschungen; 9). 25. Hartmann N. Platos Logik des Seins. Giessen, 1909. — X, 512 S. (Philosophische Arbeiten. Bd. III). 26. Hessen S. Revolution und Tradition im Werke Georg Kerschensteiners // Die Erziehung: Monatsschrift für den Zusammenhang von Kultur und Erziehung in Wissenschaft und Leben. 1933. Jg. 8. S. 17—34. Перепеч. в сб.: Kerschensteiner / Hrsg. von G. Wehle....

This paper considers Kant’s transcendental philosophy as a special transcendental paradigm (a special type of philosophical research) differing from both the "objective" metaphysics of Antiquity and the "subjective" metaphysics of Modernity (the metaphysics of an object (transcendent metaphysics; meta—physics) — experience (transcendental metaphysics) — the metaphysics of the subject (immanent metaphysics; meta—psychology)). For this purpose, the author introduces suchnew methodological...

... Jungius‘ Experimente und Gedanken zur Begründung der Chemie als Wissenschaft. Ein Beitrag zur Geistgeschichte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Wiesbaden, 1968. 9. Meinel Chr. In physicis futurum saeculum respitio. Joachim Jungius und die naturwissenschaftliche Revolution des 17. Jahrhunderts. Göttingen, 1984. 10. Vogelius M. Historia vitae et mortis Joachimi Jungii. Straßburg, 1658.

... Kant’s view that the key discourse for social development consists in a comprehensive critique of social reality by a citizen capable of self-determination is considered against the background of Rousseau’s ideas, who defended the right of people to revolution. The reconstruction of Kant’s position is followed by a discussion of possible theoretical problems relating to the implementation of this project. It isstressed that the project can function only when the interests of government and citizen ...

... thinking. Moreover, the re¬quirement of independent thinking is limited by the idea of universal human reason, although Kant is not always consistent in distinguishing between reason and understanding in this context. Unstinting support for the French revolution, despite acknowledging the illegitimate nature of social and political revolutions per se, made Kant revise the ideals of enlightenment, which he pursued earlier. It affected even the philosopher’s attitude to his contemporaries. Observing ...

... relates to the notion of a sentient being in general, including the notion of ‘human being’, whereas the notion of freedom as freedom of choice relates to a real human individual. However, the latter is capable of moral improvement through a “revolution in the disposition” and can correspond to the human determination — the ideal — despite one’s weaknesses. 1. Кант И. Религия в пределах только разума // Кант И. Трактаты. СПб., 1996....

... science based on the original interpretation and modern development of Kant’s transcendentalism (theory of experience). The author shows that modern (postpositivistic and analytical) philosophy of science follows the spirit of Kant’s “Copernican revolution” as “the new method of thought” [CPR, B XVIII]. 1. Гемпель К. Г. Логика объяснения. М., 1998. 2. Делёз Ж. Критическая философия Канта: учение о способностях… ...

This article is devoted to A. A. Fet’s philosophy of art. He is a representative of ‘pure art’ in Russian poetry, whose works were opposed to tendentious art serving the socio-political agenda ofthe time. However, the objective logic of nature of art made A. A. Fet’s poetry complimentary to revolutionary-democratic poetry. A. Fet was guided by Kant’s principle of aesthetics stating that the function of art is constituting the world of values. It does not and cannot replace either science, which is...

.... A. Schilpp The Library of Living Philosophers. Chicago : Open Court, 1989. 33. Cultural Relativism and Philosophy / ed. by M. Dascal. Leiden : Brill E. J., 1991. 34. Rationality and Relativism / ed. by M. Hollis, S. Lukes. Oxford, 1982. 35. The revolution in Philosophy / ed. by A. J. Ayer, Kneale W. C., Paul G. A. [et al.]. With an Introduction by Ryle G. L., 1956. 36. Der Wiener Kreis der Wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung. Herausgegeben vom Verein Ernest Mach. Wien : Artur Wolf Verlag, 1929....

... / ed. by Hahn L. and Schilpp P. A. // The Library of Living Philosophers. Chicago, 1989. 33. Cultural Relativism and Philosophy / ed. by Dascal M. Leiden, 1991. 34. Rationality and Relativism / ed. by Hollis M. and Lukes S. Oxford, 1982. 35. The Revolution in Philosophy / ed. by Ayer A. J. [et al.] With an Introduction by Ryle G. L., 1956. 36. Der Wiener Kreis der wissenschaftlichen Weltauffassung. Herausgegeben vom Verein Ernest Mach. Wien : Artur Wolf Verlag, 1929. The Scientific Conception ...

... destructive gravity of some killer language in an effort to deconstruct it in search of the original proto-structure for the acquisition of the Other, in which there is still Someone Else with his Other “Me-Language”. Handke’s poetic evolution, or even revolution, is in keeping with not only post-structuralist attempts to “save the language”, such as in Foucault’s transgression, but also with the biblical warning that “Life and death are in the power of the tongue” (Proverbs 18: 21). The innovative ...

... Believers by Kuprin is substantiated. Particularly emphasized is the inextricability of the author’s ideas about a “split” with such significant factors in the social life of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. like entrepreneurship and revolution.

In the sources that guide the Masons, and in the sources that they pro­duce themselves, the term “Word” dominates in the meaning of a “text, an idea or a communicative unit”. This determines the importance of the re­search. Its purpose is to identify the characteristics of the perception of the Word by the Masons, that is, to discover the typology of the unit and its func­tions. To achieve the goal, the methods of semantic, contextual and communi­cative analysis were used, allowing in their totality...

... исследований. Калининград, 2012. Ч. 2. С. 189—196. 3. Kalverkämper H. Fach und Fachwissen // Fachsprachen-1 Halbband / hrsg.von L. Hoffmann [et al.]. Berlin ; N. Y., 1998. S. 1—24. 4. Kuhn Т. S. Die Struktur wissenschaftlicher Revolution. Frankfurt а/M., 1995.

This article considers the features of the manifestation of B. Pasternak’s mythologism in his early cycle “Romanovka” (included in the book My Sister, Life). The author emphasises the Christian nature of the poet’s interpretation of the war and revolution period of 1917. Special attention is paid to the means of the implementation of the author’s idea of the Fall, punishment, and atonement in Russia at that historical moment. The article stresses the role of Biblical allusions in the literary ...

... наук. М., 1991. 2. Гладков А. К. Встречи с Пастернаком. Париж, 1973. 3. Жолковский А. К. О заглавном тропе книги «Сестра моя — жизнь» // Poetry and revolution: Boris Pasternak’s «My sister life». Stanford, 1999. С. 26—65. 4. Пастернак Б. Л. Собр. соч. : в 5 т. М., 1989. Т. 1. 5. Пастернак Е. Б. Борис Пастернак: Материалы для ...

This article is devoted to the oeuvre of the American author of the beginning of the 19th century Charles Brockden Brown who, being little known to the Russian reader, is considered in the USA the father of gothic novel. Addressing the problem of social and legal dependence in post-revolutionary America, Ch. B. Brown takes part in the formation of the new national ideology. 1. Matthiesen F.   O . The American Renaissance. N. Y., 1968. 2. Fielder L . Love and Death in the American Novel . N....

The article deals with the problems of personal pension provision of M. A. Ivanova, the niece of F. M. Dostoevsky, granted for the merits of her famous relative. The main information sources are the documents of the pension file stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, confirming the right of the writer’s niece to a personal pension for the merits of her uncle and containing information about the size of the pension and the payment plan. The studied documents, together with regulatory...

... structural-functional transformations of Mos­cow and its region generated by the changes in mode of production in Russia as a result of ‘perestroika’ as well as of the results of a combination of global changes triggered by the Fourth industrial revolution (hereafter the STR-4) and by the change in Russia’s geopolitical role in the modern world. The au­thor identifies the main trends as Moscow’s dependence on global geopolitical transformations, growing spatial and other forms of mobility ...

... Jericho%20Agreement%20Annex%20IV%20-%20Economic%20Protoco.aspx (дата обра­щения: 02.03.2020). 12. Quigley J. B. The Statehood of Palestine: International Law in the Middle East Conflict. Cambridge University Press. 2010. 13. Rubin B. The Transformation of Palestinian Politics: From Revolution to State-Building. Harvard University Press, 2009. 14. Sayigh Y., Shikaki Kh. Strengthening Palestinian Public Institutions // Pales­tinian Centre for Policy and Survey Research. URL: https://www.pcpsr.org/sites/ default/files/strengtheningpalinstfull....

This article analyzes the memoirs of August Winnig, Reichskommissar and Oberpräsident of East Prussia, covering the time from the revolutionary events of early 1919 to the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, against the back­ground of the foreign-policy situation and inner-party struggle in the prov­ince. Particular attention is paid to the political views of A. Winnig and the reasons for cooling in their relations toward the SPD leadership. 1. Виноградов М. В. Восточнопрусский анклав в межвоенный период...

... observation, analogy, comparative and retrospective analysis. The author analyses the behavioural reaction of partic­ipants of the London gold fixing and the London electronic auction to the emergence of new centres of military conflicts and "colour revolutions, as well as the intentions of some world leaders to break the existing military and stra­tegic balance of forces in an attempt to introduce a new world order. The au­thor determines the conditions, which allow participants of the world gold ...

... Krise der Feudalgesellschaft? Ham­burg, 1981. 30. Kazhdan A. Soviet Studies on Medieval Western Europe: A Brief Survey // Spe­culum. 1982. Vol. 57, № 1. Р. 1—19. 31. Knachel Ph. A. England and the Fronde: the impact of the English Civil War and Revolution on France. Ithaca (NY), 1967. 32. Krause H.-Th. Die Entwicklung der Beziehungen zwischen der Geschichtswis­senschaft der DDR und der UdSSR von 1945 bis zur Gegenwart // Die Sowjetische Geschichtswissenschaft. 1979. Tl. 2. S. 5—30. 33. Kucherenko ...

The review examines a new edition of the book “Sawinkow” by a Polish researcher A. S. Kowalczyk which is devoted to a famous politician and terrorist B. V. Savinkov. It coincides with the anniversary of the Russian Revolution and the fact that one of the streets in Warsaw was named after Boris Savinkov. The book is structured chronologically and covers the entire life of Boris Savinkov. Despite the fact that the information in it is mostly correct, there is a number ...

The review analyzes the academic monograph which examines a wide range of issues in constitutional and political history of Britain in the years 1832—1835. The reviewed book is characterized by the conceptual innovation, a sound historiographical background, thoroughness and a variety of theoretical and methodological features. 1. Аракелян Г. С. Государственная и общественно-политическая деятельность Эдварда Дерби : дис. ... канд. ист. наук. Калининград, 2018. 2. Клочков В. В. Кризис партии тори...

... Fisher-Kowalski, F. Krausmann and V. Winiwater. Spring­er, 2016. 16. The Global Risks Report 2018. Geneva: World Economic Forum. URL: www. weforum.org/risks (дата обращения: 10.02.2019). 17. Yanitsky O. N. The Fourth Scientific and Technological Revolution and its So­cial Out

The article analyzes of the creation of a computer database on the pogrom movement history. In the research, systematization methods enabled to pre­pare sev­eral maps with a breakdown of the pogroms' speeches by time inter­vals in accord­ance with the main stages of the revolutionary process of 1917—1918 and the com­position of participants. One of the objectives of this work is to demonstrate the need to optimize the databases and offer the most illustra­tive thematic maps. The study resulted in...

In this article, I consider the institution of constitutional control and its development during the Enlightenment. I stress that enlighteners thoroughly disapproved of French parliaments as forerunners of modern bodies of consti­tutional justice and explain why this was the case. In an early modern state, conditions for constitutional control and its very possibility were viewed in conjunction with the principles of sovereignty and the division of power. I conclude that the enlightenment doctrine...

Studying archival documents, the author analyses the contribution of tourist agencies to the formation of the historical memory of Kaliningraders in 1964—1975. The article describes certain pages of local history, which were included in thematic excursions for residents and guests of the region. In their excursions, tourist guides of that period paid a particular attention to the victorious military operations of the Red Army in East Prussia in 1945. During their tourist trips to Russian cities and...

The article evaluates the achievements of Russia’s pre-revolutionary civil law as the basis for the civil law of today. The basic elements of the Russian system of civil law are unique in their character. The authors argue that there is a certain correlation between the legal position of the state in the prerevolutionary Russia and Russia of today. The article ends with a conclusion It is necessary to develop a new conception of the participation of the state in civil relations. 1. Haß S. Die Urteile...

Analyzing the military and political consequences of the Great War it is essential to study the process of decision-making. Along with objective factors, various subjective factors were also important. Later subjective factors turned to be hidden from the researcher’s eye, being ignored by propaganda. However, it neither diminishes their significance, nor proves their non-existence. Basing on a few examples this author makes an attempt to reconstruct the motives and fears of several key figures of...

This paper analyses the historiosophical views of François Guizot (1787—1874) based on his works from the period of the First Empire (1804— 1814). The established chronological framework makes it possible to identify the foundations of the great thinker’s historical theory — foundations cleansed of the political influence of the Bourbon Restoration (1814—1830) and the July Monarchy (1830-1848), where Guizot was an activist of the liberal opposition and later became one of the leaders of the French...

... Bacon. They paid special attention not to the political transformations but rather to the everyday life of Japanese society. The author stresses the special interest of the travelers in the changes in European ladies that took place during the Meiji Revolution and their effect on women of Japanese aristocratic families. The article shows how the Japanese ladies adopted European traditions still maintaining Japanese manners and views. 1. A Collector’s Guide to Books on Japan in English: A Sel ect ...