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This article offers a comparative analysis of Kant's moral philosophy and the philosophy of Sade revealing the paradoxes of the categorical imperative. The satisfaction of the requirement of the categorical imperative is, on the one hand, a single and unique act and, on the other hand, a permanent and universal one. Although the familiarity with the categorical imperative does not always result in a moral action, the familiarity itself alongside the idea of forgiveness may be considered as a manifestation...

The article is devoted to the Jubilee of the Kant Compendium. The history of its beginnings is related, and the contents of all issues of the Kant Compendium are described in brief. 1. Гринишин Д. М., Калинников Л. А. Проблема философии истории в системе Канта // Научные доклады высшей школы. Философские науки. 1974. № 6. 2. Калинников Л. А. Проблемы философии истории в системе Канта. Л., 1978. 3. Кант между Востоком и Западом. К 200-летию со дня смерти и 280-летию со дня рождения Иммануила Канта:...

This article provides a brief description of Sergey Hessen’s philosophy of law in connection with J. J. Rousseau’s idea of «common will» and Kant’s «autonomy of will». 1. Гессен С. И. Философия наказания // Логос. М.: Тип. Т-ва А. А. Левенсон, 1912—1913. Кн. 1, 2. С. 183—232. 2. Гессен С. И. Политические идеи жирондистов. М., 1917. 3. Гессен С. И. Основы педагогики. Введение в прикладную философию. М., 1995. 4. Гессен С. И. Лев Толстой как мыслитель // Гессен С. И. Избранные сочинения. М., 1998...

This article analyses the works of E. T. A. Hoffmann through the example of the novel "A Report on the Latest Adventures of the Dog Berganza". The author shows the influence of Kant's epistemological and ethical ideas on the Weltanschauung of E. T. A. Hoffmann for whom the human nature and the essence of humanity became one of the central problems. Following Kant, Hoffmann considered morals the measure of humanity. 1. Гёте И. В. Фауст / пер. Б. Пастернака // Собр. соч.: в 10 т. М., 1976...

This article considers the key aspects of the development of contemporary Russian Kant studies and, in particular, the role of Vladimir Zhuchkov in it. 1. Васильев В. В. История философской психологии. Западная Европа — XVIII век. Калининград, 2003. 2. Васильев В. В. Учение о душе в метафизике XVIII века. Барнаул, 2000. 3. Васильев В. В. Философская психология И. Н. Тетенса и современные мифы о соз­нании // Философия сознания: история и современность: материалы научной конфе­ренции, посвященной...

Gesetzmäßig ist, dass sich «die Philosophie des Wertes» in der konsequentesten und systematisierten Art gerade in der Tradition von Kant formiert. Für Kant ist die menschliche Persönlichkeit bei all ihrer Einzigartigkeit weder ethisch, noch ästhetisch in sich geschlossen. Die Entwicklung der axiologischen Ansichten Kants entwickelte sich je nach ...

The author shows the importance of the analysis of Kant's epistolary heritage in the reconstruction of the evolution process of German Classic philosophy. This article defines the role of Moses Mendelsohn, Kant's letters to whom became a turning point in the works of the great German philosopher, in the context of this heritage. 1. Гулыга А. В. Кант. М., 1977. 2. Кант И. Императрице Елизавете Петровне от 14 декабря 1758 г. // Кант И. Трактаты и письма. М., 1980. С. 505—506. 3. Переписка Иммануила...

This article proves that the philosophical system of Kant is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity owes its development and existence to the practical reason. In Kant’s system, morality is the essence of humanity. 1. Гартман Н. Этика. СПб., 2002. 2. Гуревич...

Der Autor des Artikels analysiert zunächst den Inhalt der Kantschen Religionsphilosophie (Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft), um dann ihre Wirkungsgeschichte zu verfolgen und ihre Aktualität aufzuzeigen. In groben Zügen, aber doch ausführlicher als andere Lehren, betrachtet er in diesem Zusammenhang die philosophischen Ansichten von Hegel, Schleiermacher und Kierkegaard. Habermas schlägt vor, Kants Moralphilosophie insgesamt als Versuch anzusehen, das kategorische Sollen göttlicher...

This article is devoted to the origins of the "aesthetic turn" in contemporary philosophy and the increasing importance of aesthetic categories and art experience for contemporary theories. Kant’s aesthetics, concepts of beauty, the sublime, genius, as well as various aspects of their interpretation within the romantic doctrine of "new mythology" and aestheticisation of life, the discovery ...

The article is devoted to the dispute between two eminent people of the time — I. Kant and E. Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher, scientist, engineer and poet, who, however, remained in the memory of humanity, mainly as the last Christian mystic, and the "King of visionaries." It is shown that, although E. Swedenborg's oeuvre was important for I. Kant, it was only a trigger for scrutinising serious philosophical questions pertaining to the nature and limits of human knowledge — the main...

The article is dedicated to the life and work of the Russian Neo-Kantianist Gavriil Gordon. The author addresses archive material and the memoires of Gavriil Gordon's children, which allow reconstructing certain episodes of his creative work. 1. ОР ГМИИ им. А. С. Пушкина. Кол. 11. Разд. 5. Ед. хр. 11. 2. Там же. Ед. хр. 13.

This article offers a critical analysis of the general idea of “overcoming Kant”, presented by Ye. N. Trubetskoy in the book “The metaphysical assumptions of knowledge” (1917). 1. Соловьёв В. С. Теоретическая философия // Соловьёв В. С. Собр. соч.: в 9 т. 1-е изд. СПб., 1903. Т. 8. 2. Соловьёв В. С. Критика отвлеченных начал // Соловьёв В. С. Собр. соч. и писем: в 15 т. М., 1993. Т. 2 (репринтное изд. со 2-го изд. собр. соч. В. С. Соловьева под ред. С. М. Соловьева и Э. Л. Радлова). 3. Соловьёв...

In diesem Beitrag wird das Problem der Rezeptionsgeschichte der Begriffe vom intelligiblen und empirischen Charakter in A. Schopenhauers Philosophie behandelt. Der Autor zeigt, wie sich diese Begriffe bei Schopenhauer inhaltlich wandeln und welche Ursachen seiner Lehre über den Charakter zugrunde liegen mögen. 1. Кант И. Критика практического разума // Кант И. Соч.: в 8 т. М., 1994. Т. 4. С. 373—565. 2. Кант И. Критика чистого разума // Там же. Т. 3. С. 5—678. 3. Шеллинг Ф. В. Й. Философские исследования...

This article deals with Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work "A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition". The author offers a new interpretation of Kant’s argumentation. 1. Ансельм Кентерберийский. Просологион // Ансельм Кентерберийский. Сочи­нения. М., 1995. С. 123—165. 2. Ермолаев В. К. Аргументация Канта в схолии к Теореме VI в "Nova dilucidatuo": традиционная интерпретация и связанные с нею проблемы // Кантовский сбор­ник...

The author addresses Kant’s transcendental solution to the problem of objectness. This article focuses on Kant’s concept of object and the problem of legitimacy of establishing correlation between ‘I’ and objects. The author specifies the substantive elements of this correlation through addressing the concept of experience and the objectivity of experience and comes to the conclusion that objectivity as a result of objectification and as objectivity primary to the given objectivity indicate one another...

This article attempts to demonstrate the influence of Kant's philosophy of law and politics and philosophy of history alongside his aesthetic ideas on “The Bronze Horseman” by A. Pushkin. 1. Белый А. Искуситель // Белый А. Стихотворения. М., 1928. 2. Гаспаров Б. М. Поэтический язык Пушкина как факт истории русского литера­турного языка. СПб., 1999. 3. Калинников Л. А. Теория гения в эстетике Канта и «Моцарт и Сальери» Пуш­кина // Кантовский сборник. Вып. 22. Калининград, 2001. С. 138—171. 4. Кант...

This article considers Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in his early work “A New Elucidation of the First Principles of Metaphysical Cognition”. The alternative interpretations of Kant’s argumentation offered by T. Pinder and J. Schmucker are discussed. The author comes to the conclusion that none of these interpretations has advantages over the traditional one. 1. Ермолаев В. К.. Аргументация Канта в схолии к теореме VI в «Nova dilucida­tuo»: традиционная интерпретация и связанные...

This article defines the way of interaction between formal and transcendental logic through introducing ontological considerations based on P. Strawson's descriptive metaphysics. The notions of a particular, a sortal universal and a feature universal are introduced into the transcendental limitation on the inferences of formal logic. 1. Аристотель. Категории // Аристотель. Соч.: в 4 т. М., 1978. Т. 2. С. 53—90. 2. Брюшинкин В. Н. Взаимодействие формальной и трансцендентальной логики // Кантовский...

This article suggests that rationality has to be treated as one of the basic categories of liberal philosophy. Together with freedom and equality, rationality lies at the anthropological core of liberalism, which makes it stand out among other political theories. The development of the main models of rationality relied upon by various liberal theories is reviewed. 1. Вебер М. О некоторых категориях понимающей социологии // Избранные произведения. М., 1990. 2. Кант И. Метафизика нравов // Собрание...

This article analyses the impact of Kant's ideas on the development of logic and University philosophy in Russia. The integrity of philosophy, psychology (pedagogy), and logic until the early 20th century implied that Kant's ideas influenced logic via its philosophical foundations (empiricism versus the rationalistic aspects of Kant's philosophy). It was especially evident in the interpretations of logic in terms of psychologism and anthropologism ensuing from empiricism. 1. Андреев А. Ю. Лекции...

The unpublished memoirs of the anarchist writer Alexei Borovoi (1875—1935) contain crucial information on Russian Kantianism and Neo-Kantianism. The article describes philosophical societies, discussions and philosophical biographies on the basis of archive records. 1. Боровой А. Париж был и остается замечательнейшим фактом моей биогра­фии (Публикация С. В. Шумихина) // Диаспора: новые материалы. СПб., 2004. Т. 6. 2. Его же. Моя жизнь. Воспоминания. Гл. 7: Как я стал анархистом. (Под­готовка текста...

This article considers the functions, structure and actions of transcendental logic in “The Analytic of Principles” of Kant’s “Critique of pure reason”. The author explicates the specificity, rules, laws and the method of transcendental logic in this sphere of analytic. 1. Кант И. Критика чистого разума (В, 1787 г.) // И. Кант. Сочинения на рус­ском и немецком языках. Т. 2 (1). М., 2006. 2. Кант И. Критика чистого разума (А, 1781 г.) // Там же. Т. 2 (2). 3. Кант И. Критика способности суждения...

This paper shows that E. T. A. Hoffmann assessed the post-Napoleon politics of Prussia in the Christmas tale “Meister Floh” from a Kantian perspective. The cardinal problem of the tale — shown in the “Hallegorisch und Jena-logisch” manner, as Hoffmann himself defined his style — is the problem of a constitutional system in Prussia. 1.Гарденберг Ф. фон (Новалис). Вера и любовь, или король и королева // Эстети­ка немецких романтиков. М., 1987. 2.Гофман Э. Т. А. Повелитель блох // Избранные произведения:...

This article analyses different definitions, types and tasks of Kant's anthropology: Is "moral" or "practical" anthropology identical to "pragmatic" anthropology? Does anthropology aim to answer the question about the vocation of a human being? To what extent is metaphilosophy present in the Anthropology? What is the 'fundamental' transcendental anthropology? The idea of an anthroponomy remains an unsolved puzzle. 1. Кант И. Антропология с прагматической точки зрения...

The article is devoted to the problem of identification of the Kant’s and Berkeley’s philosophical systems. The author considers reasons of the origin of Kant-Berkeley question and considers some versions of its completion. 1. Васильева М. Ю. Критика И. Кантом идеализма Дж. Беркли // Историко-фило­софский альманах. Вып. 1: Кант и современность. М., 2005. С. 182—189. 2. Allison H. E. Kant,s Critique of Berkeley // Journal of the History of Philosophy. 1973. Vol. 11. 3. Berkeley G. The Works. London...

This article focuses on the problem of reconciling a priori and empirical dimensions of freedom, will, and action as the crucial point for understanding the relationship between theoretical and practical reason in Kant’s and Husserl’s practical philosophy. Relying on the explanation of the relationship between transcendental and practical freedom given in Kant's practical philosophy, the author problematizes Kant’s thesis about the primacy of practical reason. This is the starting point and leitmotif...

In the article the question is raised about the Kantianism of E. T. A. Hoffmann on the example of the story from “The night stories”, which shows that the transcendental reflection as an important gnoseological form makes the practical sense in the human life. 1. Берковский Н. Я. Э. Т. А. Гофман // Берковский Н. Я. Романтизм в Германии. СПб., 2001. 2. Гёррес Й. Афоризмы об искусстве… // Эстетика немецких романтиков. М., 1987. 3. Гиппель Т. Г. фон. Воспоминания о Гофмане // Гофман Э. Т. А. Жизнь...

This article demonstrates the application of I. Kant’s and A. Schopenhauer’s principles of ethics to the real case of transplantation of an organ, which was not HIV tested. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Системная модель аргументации как основа методологии компаративистских исследований // Модели мира. Исследования по логике, аргу­ментации и истории философии: сб. науч. ст. Калининград, 2004. С. 66 -86. 2. Делёз Ж. Критическая философия Канта: учение о способностях. М., 2000. 3. Калинников Л. А. И. Кант о...

The article considers the first of the two principles of justice proposed by the American philosopher John Rawls as universal principles that would be chosen by every reasonable and rational person in an ‘original position’. The work analyses the problematic aspects of the principle’s formulation (the vagueness of the list of key rights and freedoms and the value criterion for ranking them) and of the methods used by Rawls to overcome them in the works published after the acclaimed book A theory...

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the development of Neokantianism in Russia. The originality of Russian Neokantianism is marked, which was due to the cultural and historical peculiarities of the formation of the domestic philosophical thought. The 1. Булгаков С. Н. От марксизма к идеализму. Статьи и рецензии. 1895—1903 / сост., вступ. ст. и комм. В. В. Сапова. М., 2006. 2. Введенский А. И. Вторичный вызов на спор о законе одушевления и ответ про­тивникам // Введенский А. И. Статьи...

This article is dedicated to Fyodor Stepun's history of philosophy. The author concentrates on the problems of methodology of historical cognition and traces neo-Kantian motifs in the oeuvre of the Russian philosopher. 1. Степун Ф. А. Г. П. Федотов // Степун Ф. А. Соч. М., 2000. С. 747—761. 2. Степун Ф. А. Идея России и формы ее раскрытия // Там же. С. 496—501. 3. Степун Ф. А. Об общественно-политических путях «Пути» // Там же. С. 860—865. 4. Степун Ф. А. Религиозный смысл революции // Там же....

The article sketches the development of Kant interpretation in analytic philosophy. The author turns to Kant’s transcendental idealism and three well-known difficulties about things in themselves which Kant’s idealism generates: problems about unknowability, noumenal-affection and category-application, and the neglected-alternative. Building on the work “Things in Themselves: an Interim Report” (XI Kant Readings, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 2014), the author questions how...

This paper investigated the historical and philosophical context of the notions of “tradition” and the “purpose-task” in the philosophy of Sergius Hessen. The article identified the meaning of values and hierarchy of values of Heinrich Rickert in definition of the notions of “tradition” and “purpose-task” and the main principle of their interaction. 1. Гессен С. И. Основы педагогики. Введение в прикладную философию. М., 1995. 2. Гессен С. И. Мое жизнеописание // Гессен С. И. Избранные сочинения...

This article discusses the thesis put forward by some scholars that Kant’s objection to the ontological argument in the Scholion to Prop. VI in "Nova dilucidatio" contradicts Prop. VI. The author shows how the apparent discrepancy between Prop. VI and the Scholion can be explained. 1. Ермолаев В. К. Аргументация Канта в схолии к Теореме VI в "Nova dilucidatio": традиционная интерпретация и связанные с нею проблемы // Кантовский сбор­ник: науч. журн. 2010. 3(33). С. 52—63. 2...

My article is devoted to one of the main concepts of early modern natural law, i. e. the concept of obligation. Starting with Pufendorf's concept of obligation, it will be demonstrated that the natural law is grounded on the will of God. In contrast, the concept of obligation in Christian Wolff's Philosophia practica universalis has no need to found the validity of obligation of natural law in God's will. Instead he developed a concept which was based on the idea of a free self-binding moral subject...

... possibility of detecting the grounds of the aesthetization process in modern culture in the structure of the Kantian philosophy. The connection of Kant's aesthetics with science and morality is traced, and also Kant’s influence on the romantic philosophy of art is revealed. The loss of its classical boundaries by modern aesthetics is shown as originated in the Kantian philosophy, though it was this very philosophy in which these boundaries were once defined. 1. Аверинцев С. С. Поэтика ...

This article seeks to compare Immanuel Kant's and Vladimir Solovyov's gnosiologies. The comparison is based on the philosophers' attitude to reflection — a basic cognitive mechanism. If, according to Kant, the acquisition of true knowledge is impossible without reflection (including transcendental reflection), Solovyov builds his theory of knowledge on entirely different grounds, therefore, he has to rely on God and intellectual intuition in discovering the truth. Only having established the pros...

The article examines the following problems: 1) How well-founded is the comparison of the ideas of Kant’s essay «Towards Perpetual Peace», written in late XVIII century, with the implementation of nowadays project of European Union 2) If such parallels are possible, to what extent the structure of the EU corresponds to Kant’s vision? 3) Which Kantian ideas are of the foremost importance to future development of the EU? Basing on the analysis of Kant’s treatise and of the current structure of the...

This article tells how Kant's deathmask ended up in the Museum of Classical Antiquities of the University of Tartu. 1. Столович Л. Н. О судьбе тартуской кантианы // Кантовский сборник. 2008.1(27). С. 94—108. 2. Glasen K. H. Kant-Bildnisse. Königsberg, 1924. 3. Immanuel Kant: sein Leben in Darstellungen von Zeitgenossen. Die Biographien von L. E. Borowski, R. B. Jachmann und E. A.Ch. Wasianski. Mit einer Einleitung von Rudolf Malter. Neudruck der Ausgabe Berlin 1912. Deutsche Bibliothek. Bd...

The first part of the article describes general development of Kant studies in Königsberg as a local movement (not a school) with some special traits, which has significantly contributed to the culture of the town. Core activities were formed by the Society of Kant’s Friends, as well as by archival studies, i. e. collecting, annotating and publishing Kant’s manuscripts, correspondence, and lecture notes. In view of primary and secondary sources we would suggest to structure this movement in four...

The article discusses several options for developing the methodology of the humanities by means of the "reform of logic" which is understood as the "organon" of cognition. I argue that the theories of Hermann Cohen, Wilhelm Windelband and Ernst Cassirer deliver the examples for the transition from epistemology to philosophy of culture, and the theories of Wilhelm Dilthey and Georg Misch modify the theory of knowledge into hermeneutics of life. 1. Cassirer E. Zur Logik des Symbolbegriffs...

In this article, I consider Kant’s dichotomy between general and transcendental logic in light of a retrospective reconstruction of two approaches originating in 14th century scholasticism that are used to demarcate formal and material consequences. The first approach (e. g., John Buridan, Albert of Saxony, Marsilius of Inghen) holds that a consequence is formal if it is valid — because of its form only — for any matter. Since the matter of a consequence is linked to categorematic terms, its formal...

This article focuses o the functions, structure and effects of transcendental logic in the Analytic of concepts of Kant's "Critique of pure reason". The author explicates different aspects, rules, principles, the method and procedures of transcendental logic. 1. Брюшинкин В. Н. Взаимодействие формальной и трансцендентальной логики // Кантовский сборник. 2006. Вып. 26. С. 148—167. 2. Васильев В. В. Философская психология в эпоху Просвещения. М., 2010. 3. Кант И. Критика чистого разума...

This paper deals with the forms of satisfaction in the Critique of Judgement — disinterested affection for a beautiful form in a pure feeling, vital love for something sensorily pleasant, rational respect for unconditioned good, and non-self-regarding love for humanity. A synthetic union of the above gives the conceptual key to the critical philosophy of love, which was never fully articulated in Kant’s lectures or published works. Moral love and legal awareness prevent the encroachment of vital...

The article is devoted to comparison of Kant methodology and the phenomenology, which provide insight into the area of pure consciousness. Divergences in levels of its understanding are marked, disagreements concerning values of reflection and reduction between Kant and Neo-Kantian philosophers and representatives of phenomenology come to light. The analysis of basic concept of phenomenology, «intentionality», is carried out by means of Kant aprioristic forms. 1. Гуссерль Э. Картезианские размышления...

This article proves that Kant's philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity owes its development and existence to the practical reason. In Kant’s system, morality is the essence of humanity. 1. Апель К.-О. Априори коммуникативного сообщества...

This article continues to analyse the systemacity of the CPR as a text ensuring the integrity of Kant’s philosophical system. Following the ideas presented in the first two parts of this work, part three considers the correlation between the spheres of concepts and reality. Kant divides concepts into phaenomena and noumena. The former are apprehended by the senses and the latter express the things-in-themselves. It is shown that, as concepts of things, noumena are divided into substan tial and empty...

The paper discusses Paul Natorp’s social pedagogy theory from the point of its relevance to the modern educational discussions. Natorp sees practical task of his pedagogic theory in negation of German society’s crisis tendencies. The theoretical context of social pedagogy was defined by several key factors. The first one is Natorp’s dependency on legacy of Plato, J. Pestalozzi and I. Kant, while second deals with his critic of fundamental grounds of dominant contemporary pedagogical system. The major...