2025 Issue №3

The article examines the specific features of strategic planning in the military-industrial complex of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The aim of the study is to identify the main trends in the development of the country’s defense industry, its problems, and prospects. To provide a comprehensive analysis of the issue, content analysis of key conceptual and legal documents is applied, as well as the hypothesis of A. M. Fewolden and K. Tvetbroten regard­ing the effectiveness of implementing such innovations. In addition, certain results of the implementation of practical measures in this area over the past 7—10 years are studied. The author concludes that Pakistan is pursuing a balanced policy in the field of the military-industrial complex under conditions of political and economic instability and challenges relat­ed to the development of its own models of weapons. Furthermore, it is revealed that the coun­try’s leadership adopts a comprehensive approach, emphasizing the need to strengthen inter­national contacts to ensure technology transfer, integrate the private sector, and enhance the financial and economic sustainability of enterprises.

The article examines the influence of the political media discourse of regional leaders on the formation of their reputational capital within a centralized political system. Using the example of the subjects of the Central Federal District, the authors analyze the relationship between the content of governors’ public speeches and their public perception. The study is based on a content analysis of materials from federal mass media and social networks, which made it possible to identify various strategies of media communication employed by regional leaders. It is established that formal alignment with the information agenda of the federal cen­ter is not a sufficient condition for building positive reputational capital. The key finding of the research indicates that governors who combine moderate adherence to nationwide themes with active engagement in solving local problems achieve the greatest success in strengthen­ing their public image. Excessive orientation toward the federal agenda, on the contrary, often leads to a decline in reputational indicators. The proposed methodology for analyzing media discourse can serve as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of communication strategies of regional elites. The study emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach that takes into account the specific characteristics of territories in shaping the public image of political au­thority.

The article examines the main approaches to defining and studying political discourse. It identifies the conceptual components of its analysis in the context of political relations, where discourse is regarded not only as a process of transmitting and discussing information but also as a form of power communication. Changes in the characteristics and meaning of politi­cal discourse are outlined in connection with the digitalization of interactions among political actors, including the expansion of internet communications through the participation of “non-professional” subjects. These may include local communities formed on the basis of ter­ritorial commonality, identity, and symbolic space. By using digital platforms and channels of interaction, such communities become full-fledged participants in political processes at the local and regional levels. Their participation is characterized by the ability to shift rapidly between modes of “neighborly” communication and civic initiatives, including those of a po­litical nature. Such communications provide a foundation for strengthening civic solidarity but may also include conflictual elements linked to the civic representation of communities.